carbon monoxide has been researched along with Substance Withdrawal Syndrome in 101 studies
Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome: Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "Participants were randomized to one of three 12-week open-label smoking cessation pharmacotherapy groups: (1) nicotine patch only (n = 241); (2) varenicline only (including 1 prequit week; n = 424); and (3) C-NRT (nicotine patch + nicotine lozenge; n = 421)." | 9.22 | Effects of Nicotine Patch vs Varenicline vs Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy on Smoking Cessation at 26 Weeks: A Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Baker, TB; Bolt, DM; Fiore, MC; Fraser, DL; Piper, ME; Smith, SS; Stein, JH, 2016) |
| " This multicentre, randomised (2:1), double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy and safety study evaluated self-reported, carbon monoxide-verified continuous abstinence from smoking from week 2 until weeks 6, 24, and 52 in 479 smokers (≥ 1 cigarette per day) who were treated with either active (n=318) or placebo (n=161) spray for 12 weeks and low-intensity counselling at three smoking cessation clinics in Denmark and Germany." | 9.16 | Efficacy of a nicotine mouth spray in smoking cessation: a randomised, double-blind trial. ( Batra, A; Lauri, H; Mann, K; Perfekt, R; Tønnesen, P, 2012) |
| "This proof-of-concept study investigated the feasibility and initial efficacy of combining a contingency management intervention with bupropion to reduce smoking in people with schizophrenia." | 9.15 | Effects of contingency management and bupropion on cigarette smoking in smokers with schizophrenia. ( Kaplan, GB; Reid, N; Rohsenow, DJ; Swift, RM; Tidey, JW, 2011) |
| "This study was conducted to examine the effects of contingent monetary reinforcement (CM) for smoking reduction, with and without transdermal nicotine, on cigarette smoking in individuals with schizophrenia." | 9.10 | Contingent monetary reinforcement of smoking reductions, with and without transdermal nicotine, in outpatients with schizophrenia. ( Higgins, ST; O'Neill, SC; Tidey, JW, 2002) |
| "There does not appear to be any general, sustained benefit of initiating transdermal nicotine therapy with a 44-mg patch dose or of providing intense adjuvant smoking cessation treatment." | 9.08 | Varying nicotine patch dose and type of smoking cessation counseling. ( Baker, TB; Croghan, IT; Fiore, MC; Hays, JT; Hurt, RD; Jorenby, DE; Lewis, SF; Offord, KP; Smith, SS, 1995) |
| "Agonist-antagonist therapy, consisting of the nicotine patch with oral mecamylamine, may substantially improve current smoking cessation treatment." | 9.07 | Mecamylamine combined with nicotine skin patch facilitates smoking cessation beyond nicotine patch treatment alone. ( Behm, FM; Levin, ED; Ripka, GV; Rose, JE; Stein, RM; Westman, EC, 1994) |
| "To determine the efficacy of a 22-mg nicotine patch combined with the National Cancer Institute program for physician advice and nurse follow-up in providing withdrawal symptom relief, 1-year smoking cessation outcome, and percentage of nicotine replacement." | 9.07 | Nicotine patch therapy for smoking cessation combined with physician advice and nurse follow-up. One-year outcome and percentage of nicotine replacement. ( Caldwell, CC; Dale, LC; Fredrickson, PA; Hurt, RD; Lauger, GG; Lee, GA; Lundberg, TG; Marŭsić, Z; Neese, LW; Offord, KP, 1994) |
| "The current investigation explored the main and interactive effects of panic attacks in response to laboratory-induced bodily sensations and anxiety sensitivity in predicting acute nicotine withdrawal symptoms among daily smokers making a self-guided quit attempt." | 7.75 | Anxiety sensitivity and panic reactivity to bodily sensations: relation to quit-day (acute) nicotine withdrawal symptom severity among daily smokers making a self-guided quit attempt. ( Bergman, J; Gibson, LE; Johnson, K; Marshall, EC; Zvolensky, MJ, 2009) |
| "Participants were randomized to one of three 12-week open-label smoking cessation pharmacotherapy groups: (1) nicotine patch only (n = 241); (2) varenicline only (including 1 prequit week; n = 424); and (3) C-NRT (nicotine patch + nicotine lozenge; n = 421)." | 5.22 | Effects of Nicotine Patch vs Varenicline vs Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy on Smoking Cessation at 26 Weeks: A Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Baker, TB; Bolt, DM; Fiore, MC; Fraser, DL; Piper, ME; Smith, SS; Stein, JH, 2016) |
| " This multicentre, randomised (2:1), double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy and safety study evaluated self-reported, carbon monoxide-verified continuous abstinence from smoking from week 2 until weeks 6, 24, and 52 in 479 smokers (≥ 1 cigarette per day) who were treated with either active (n=318) or placebo (n=161) spray for 12 weeks and low-intensity counselling at three smoking cessation clinics in Denmark and Germany." | 5.16 | Efficacy of a nicotine mouth spray in smoking cessation: a randomised, double-blind trial. ( Batra, A; Lauri, H; Mann, K; Perfekt, R; Tønnesen, P, 2012) |
| "This proof-of-concept study investigated the feasibility and initial efficacy of combining a contingency management intervention with bupropion to reduce smoking in people with schizophrenia." | 5.15 | Effects of contingency management and bupropion on cigarette smoking in smokers with schizophrenia. ( Kaplan, GB; Reid, N; Rohsenow, DJ; Swift, RM; Tidey, JW, 2011) |
| "Transdermal selegiline does not appear generally effective in aiding smoking cessation though there may be a selective effect in those smokers with low 'behavioral activation'." | 5.14 | Failure to improve cigarette smoking abstinence with transdermal selegiline + cognitive behavior therapy. ( Bryson, SW; Fong, D; Fortmann, SP; Hayward, C; Killen, DT; Killen, JD; Lowenthal, K; Murphy, GM; Schatzberg, AF, 2010) |
| "This study was conducted to examine the effects of contingent monetary reinforcement (CM) for smoking reduction, with and without transdermal nicotine, on cigarette smoking in individuals with schizophrenia." | 5.10 | Contingent monetary reinforcement of smoking reductions, with and without transdermal nicotine, in outpatients with schizophrenia. ( Higgins, ST; O'Neill, SC; Tidey, JW, 2002) |
| " Twenty-four healthy volunteers, not intending to quit smoking, were housed in an experimental unit during three 72-h conditions, consisting of either free smoking, enforced smoking cessation with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) patches, or enforced smoking cessation with placebo patches." | 5.10 | Smokers deprived of cigarettes for 72 h: effect of nicotine patches on craving and withdrawal. ( Bye, A; Milleri, S; Squassante, L; Teneggi, V; Tiffany, ST; Ziviani, L, 2002) |
| "There does not appear to be any general, sustained benefit of initiating transdermal nicotine therapy with a 44-mg patch dose or of providing intense adjuvant smoking cessation treatment." | 5.08 | Varying nicotine patch dose and type of smoking cessation counseling. ( Baker, TB; Croghan, IT; Fiore, MC; Hays, JT; Hurt, RD; Jorenby, DE; Lewis, SF; Offord, KP; Smith, SS, 1995) |
| "Mecamylamine is an antihypertensive that acts via nicotinic antagonism and has been suggested as an aid in smoking cessation." | 5.08 | Mecamylamine does not precipitate withdrawal in cigarette smokers. ( Eissenberg, T; Griffiths, RR; Stitzer, ML, 1996) |
| "The effects of using several nicotine replacement treatments on self-reported withdrawal symptoms and side effects during 2-day periods of smoking cessation, with 5 days of ad lib smoking between cessation days, were evaluated." | 5.08 | Effects of nicotine dose and administration method on withdrawal symptoms and side effects during short-term smoking abstinence. ( Aickin, M; Cook, G; Hill, AL; Holden, T; Kligman, E; Leischow, SJ; Otte, PS; Valente, SN, 1997) |
| "Agonist-antagonist therapy, consisting of the nicotine patch with oral mecamylamine, may substantially improve current smoking cessation treatment." | 5.07 | Mecamylamine combined with nicotine skin patch facilitates smoking cessation beyond nicotine patch treatment alone. ( Behm, FM; Levin, ED; Ripka, GV; Rose, JE; Stein, RM; Westman, EC, 1994) |
| "To evaluate the efficacy of the transdermal nicotine patch as an aid to smoking cessation when used as an adjunct to a cognitive-behavioural group intervention and to assess the effectiveness of the patch in ameliorating withdrawal symptoms." | 5.07 | The transdermal nicotine patch: results of a randomised placebo-controlled trial. ( de Almeida Neto, A; Harris, K; Richmond, RL, 1994) |
| "A variety of studies have shown that nicotine skin patches are effective in promoting smoking cessation." | 5.07 | Nicotine skin patch treatment increases abstinence, decreases withdrawal symptoms, and attenuates rewarding effects of smoking. ( Behm, FM; Carnahan, E; Herman, S; Levin, ED; Rose, JE; Sanchez, M; Stein, RM; Westman, EC, 1994) |
| "To determine the efficacy of a 22-mg nicotine patch combined with the National Cancer Institute program for physician advice and nurse follow-up in providing withdrawal symptom relief, 1-year smoking cessation outcome, and percentage of nicotine replacement." | 5.07 | Nicotine patch therapy for smoking cessation combined with physician advice and nurse follow-up. One-year outcome and percentage of nicotine replacement. ( Caldwell, CC; Dale, LC; Fredrickson, PA; Hurt, RD; Lauger, GG; Lee, GA; Lundberg, TG; Marŭsić, Z; Neese, LW; Offord, KP, 1994) |
| " Also, we examined the impact of the nicotine patch on specific withdrawal symptoms (anger, anxiety, awakening, difficulty concentrating, depression, hunger, impatience, and craving)." | 5.07 | Two studies of the clinical effectiveness of the nicotine patch with different counseling treatments. ( Baker, TB; Fiore, MC; Jorenby, DE; Kenford, SL; Smith, SS; Wetter, DW, 1994) |
| " This study investigated the ability of peptide YY (PYY) and ghrelin during the initial 24-48 h of a smoking cessation attempt to predict smoking relapse at 4 weeks." | 3.80 | Peptide YY and ghrelin predict craving and risk for relapse in abstinent smokers. ( al'Absi, M; Lemieux, A; Nakajima, M, 2014) |
| " Logistic regression analysis revealed that the independent predictors of success in smoking cessation were being male; low nicotine dependence; smoking few cigarettes per day at baseline; having no history of depression; having low values for craving for cigarettes, irritability, frustration, anger, or nocturnal awakening at baseline; decreased craving for cigarettes and restlessness with time; and use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)." | 3.77 | Predictors of short-term success in smoking cessation in relation to attendance at a smoking cessation program. ( Dorner, TE; Groman, E; Tröstl, A; Womastek, I, 2011) |
| "The current investigation explored the main and interactive effects of panic attacks in response to laboratory-induced bodily sensations and anxiety sensitivity in predicting acute nicotine withdrawal symptoms among daily smokers making a self-guided quit attempt." | 3.75 | Anxiety sensitivity and panic reactivity to bodily sensations: relation to quit-day (acute) nicotine withdrawal symptom severity among daily smokers making a self-guided quit attempt. ( Bergman, J; Gibson, LE; Johnson, K; Marshall, EC; Zvolensky, MJ, 2009) |
| "Our finding suggests that withdrawal symptoms can occur in never-smokers who stop e-cigarettes abruptly." | 2.94 | Withdrawal Symptoms From E-Cigarette Abstinence Among Adult Never-Smokers: A Pilot Experimental Study. ( Callas, PW; Etter, JF; Hughes, JR; Morley, N; Oga, E; Peasley-Miklus, C; Peters, EN, 2020) |
| " Outcomes included adverse events (AEs), vital signs, exhaled carbon monoxide (CO), clinical laboratory parameters, smoking urges and withdrawal symptoms." | 2.82 | A randomised, crossover study on an electronic vapour product, a nicotine inhalator and a conventional cigarette. Part B: Safety and subjective effects. ( Martin, C; Savioz, R; Sharma, G; Walele, T; Williams, J, 2016) |
| "Smokers with substance use disorders have very low smoking cessation rates so identifying predictors of smoking treatment response is particularly important for these difficult-to-treat smokers." | 2.80 | Intolerance for withdrawal discomfort and motivation predict voucher-based smoking treatment outcomes for smokers with substance use disorders. ( Colby, SM; Kahler, CW; Martin, RA; Rohsenow, DJ; Sirota, AD; Tidey, JW, 2015) |
| "Simultaneously, craving, withdrawal symptoms, and CO levels in exhaled air were determined during the three phases." | 2.78 | Insula-specific H magnetic resonance spectroscopy reactions in heavy smokers under acute nicotine withdrawal and after oral nicotine substitution. ( Binkert, CA; Brügger, M; Froehlich, JM; Graf, N; Grosshans, M; Gutzeit, A; Herdener, M; Hergan, K; Kos, S; Meier, D; Mutschler, J; Reischauer, C; Schubert, T; Straka, M; Sutter, R, 2013) |
| "SJW did not attenuate withdrawal symptoms among abstinent subjects." | 2.75 | A randomized clinical trial of St. John's wort for smoking cessation. ( Bauer, B; Croghan, IT; Ebbert, JO; Prasad, K; Schroeder, DR; Sood, A, 2010) |
| "Regardless of quit phase, most withdrawal symptoms were associated with an increased risk of relapse at 14 and 30 days post quit date." | 2.75 | Severity of withdrawal symptomatology in follicular versus luteal quitters: The combined effects of menstrual phase and withdrawal on smoking cessation outcome. ( Allen, AM; Allen, SS; Lunos, S; Pomerleau, CS, 2010) |
| "Participants provided weekly ratings of withdrawal symptoms, craving, and carbon monoxide (CO) measurements and logged daily cigarette and alcohol use." | 2.74 | The role of cystine-glutamate exchange in nicotine dependence in rats and humans. ( Hedden, S; Kalivas, PW; Knackstedt, LA; LaRowe, S; Malcolm, R; Mardikian, P; Markou, A; Upadhyaya, H, 2009) |
| "Naltrexone reduced cue-elicited withdrawal symptoms but not urges to smoke or deprivation-induced withdrawal prior to cue exposure." | 2.73 | High-dose transdermal nicotine and naltrexone: effects on nicotine withdrawal, urges, smoking, and effects of smoking. ( Hutchison, KE; Kaplan, GB; MacKinnon, SV; Monti, PM; Rohsenow, DJ; Sirota, AD; Swift, RM, 2007) |
| "Nicotine was administered using programmed presentations of either pulsed injections or continuous infusions, with i." | 2.71 | Pharmacologic and sensorimotor components of satiation in cigarette smoking. ( Bates, JE; Behm, FM; Rose, JE; Salley, A; Westman, EC, 2003) |
| "Nicotine withdrawal symptoms such as craving, irritability, tension, frustration, anxiety and restlessness were significantly increased in both patch conditions after 48 h of smoking abstinence." | 2.70 | Nicotine patches and the subjective effects of cigarette smoking: a pilot study. ( Busto, UE; Cárdenas, L; Corrigall, WA; MacDonald, A, 2002) |
| "Issues about the measurement of nicotine dependence and withdrawal are highlighted." | 2.70 | Assessing the impact of a nurse-led health education intervention for people with peripheral vascular disease who smoke: the use of physiological markers, nicotine dependence and withdrawal. ( Galvin, K; Hillier, V; Webb, C, 2001) |
| "Heart rate and subjective withdrawal symptoms were measured over an 8-hr period while participants smoked normally." | 2.70 | Do adolescent smokers experience withdrawal effects when deprived of nicotine? ( Ammerman, S; Haydel, F; Killen, JD; Robinson, TN; Rojas, N; Varady, J, 2001) |
| "The ineffectiveness of CES to reduce withdrawal symptoms and facilitate smoking cessation are similar to results of other clinical studies of CES in drug dependence, although positive effects of CES in animal studies have been reported." | 2.68 | Evaluation of cranial electrostimulation therapy on short-term smoking cessation. ( Butschky, MF; Fant, RV; Goffman, AL; Henningfield, JE; Pickworth, WB, 1997) |
| "The other withdrawal symptoms were not influenced by TNS treatment." | 2.67 | [Weaning of young smokers using a transdermal nicotine patch]. ( Bühler, A; Ehrsam, RE; Howald, H; Imhof, PR; Mauli, D; Müller, P; Schumacher, PM, 1991) |
| "Craving and withdrawal symptoms decreased more with nicotine substitution for cigarettes." | 2.66 | Controlled trial of transdermal nicotine patch in tobacco withdrawal. ( Abelin, T; Buehler, A; Imhof, PR; Müller, P; Vesanen, K, 1989) |
| "irritability, restlessness)." | 2.66 | Pre-abstinence smoke intake and smoking motivation as predictors of severity of cigarette withdrawal symptoms. ( Russell, MA; West, RJ, 1985) |
| "However, other common cigarette withdrawal symptoms, such as irritability, depression, and inability to concentrate, were not detected." | 2.65 | Does switching to an ultra-low nicotine cigarette induce nicotine withdrawal effects? ( Feyerabend, C; Jarvis, MJ; Russell, MA; West, RJ, 1984) |
| "Smoking cessation is an important factor in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiac events." | 2.43 | Smoking cessation in patients with coronary artery disease. ( Eisenberg, MJ; Ludvig, J; Miner, B, 2005) |
| "Carbon monoxide and dust were detected in the exhalation of heat-not-burn tobacco." | 1.48 | [Health Effects Accompanying the Transition from Cigarettes to Heat-not-burn Tobacco: Nicotine Dependence, Nicotine Withdrawal Symptoms, and Changes in Smoking Behaviors]. ( Kawamura, K; Morioka, I; Yamada, K, 2018) |
| "Nicotine dependence was associated with a hypersensitivity to cigarette rewards, but we found little evidence indicating a hyposensitivity to non-drug rewards." | 1.42 | The effects of nicotine dependence and acute abstinence on the processing of drug and non-drug rewards. ( Curran, HV; Das, RK; Freeman, TP; Hindocha, C; Lawn, W; Mokrysz, C; Morgan, CJ, 2015) |
| "Leptin has been linked to tobacco craving and withdrawal-related symptoms." | 1.42 | Changes in circulating leptin levels during the initial stage of cessation are associated with smoking relapse. ( al'Absi, M; Allen, S; Hatsukami, DK; Lemieux, A; Nakajima, M, 2015) |
| "Menthol has been found to be inversely related to smoking cessation among AA, yet little is known about the factors associated with menthol smoking among AA light smokers." | 1.37 | Factors associated with smoking menthol cigarettes among treatment-seeking African American light smokers. ( Ahluwalia, JS; Choi, WS; Cox, LS; Faseru, B; Krebill, R; Mayo, MS; Nollen, NL; Okuyemi, KS, 2011) |
| "Faster metabolizers reported greater withdrawal symptoms after 24 hours of abstinence compared with slower metabolizers even after adjusting for the number of cigarettes smoked per day." | 1.35 | Rate of nicotine metabolism and withdrawal symptoms in adolescent light smokers. ( Auerback, GM; Benowitz, NL; Moscicki, AB; Rubinstein, ML, 2008) |
| "DSM-IV nicotine dependence criteria were measured at baseline with a computerized version of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for DSM-IV (DIS-IV)." | 1.35 | Evaluating the validities of different DSM-IV-based conceptual constructs of tobacco dependence. ( Hall, SM; Hendricks, PS; Humfleet, GL; Prochaska, JJ, 2008) |
| "Withdrawal symptoms were measured daily, and smoking behavior was assessed on the first and last day of each condition." | 1.33 | Clinical laboratory evaluation of potential reduced exposure products for smokers. ( Breland, AB; Eissenberg, T; Kleykamp, BA, 2006) |
| "Abstinence produced significant withdrawal symptoms in all participants and reduced cotinine and carbon monoxide levels." | 1.32 | Prospective examination of effects of smoking abstinence on cortisol and withdrawal symptoms as predictors of early smoking relapse. ( al'Absi, M; Davis, GL; Hatsukami, D; Wittmers, LE, 2004) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 11 (10.89) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 22 (21.78) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 35 (34.65) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 31 (30.69) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 2 (1.98) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Hughes, JR | 3 |
| Peters, EN | 2 |
| Callas, PW | 2 |
| Peasley-Miklus, C | 2 |
| Oga, E | 2 |
| Etter, JF | 2 |
| Morley, N | 2 |
| Cassidy, RN | 1 |
| Colby, SM | 2 |
| Tidey, JW | 5 |
| Jackson, KM | 1 |
| Cioe, PA | 1 |
| Krishnan-Sarin, S | 1 |
| Hatsukami, D | 4 |
| LaRowe, LR | 1 |
| Kosiba, JD | 1 |
| Zale, EL | 1 |
| Ditre, JW | 2 |
| Hatsukami, DK | 3 |
| Luo, X | 1 |
| Jensen, JA | 2 |
| al'Absi, M | 5 |
| Allen, SS | 2 |
| Carmella, SG | 2 |
| Chen, M | 1 |
| Cinciripini, PM | 1 |
| Denlinger-Apte, R | 1 |
| Drobes, DJ | 2 |
| Koopmeiners, JS | 1 |
| Lane, T | 1 |
| Le, CT | 1 |
| Leischow, S | 1 |
| Luo, K | 1 |
| McClernon, FJ | 2 |
| Murphy, SE | 2 |
| Paiano, V | 1 |
| Robinson, JD | 1 |
| Severson, H | 1 |
| Sipe, C | 1 |
| Strasser, AA | 1 |
| Strayer, LG | 1 |
| Tang, MK | 1 |
| Vandrey, R | 1 |
| Hecht, SS | 2 |
| Benowitz, NL | 2 |
| Donny, EC | 2 |
| Kawamura, K | 1 |
| Yamada, K | 1 |
| Morioka, I | 1 |
| De La Garza, R | 1 |
| Shuman, SL | 1 |
| Yammine, L | 1 |
| Yoon, JH | 1 |
| Salas, R | 1 |
| Holst, M | 1 |
| Meredith, SE | 1 |
| Dallery, J | 1 |
| Louis, L | 1 |
| Shishani, K | 1 |
| Howell, D | 1 |
| McPherson, S | 1 |
| Roll, J | 1 |
| Lemieux, A | 2 |
| Nakajima, M | 2 |
| Rohsenow, DJ | 3 |
| Kahler, CW | 1 |
| Martin, RA | 1 |
| Sirota, AD | 2 |
| Lawn, W | 1 |
| Freeman, TP | 1 |
| Hindocha, C | 1 |
| Mokrysz, C | 1 |
| Das, RK | 1 |
| Morgan, CJ | 1 |
| Curran, HV | 1 |
| Allen, S | 1 |
| Walele, T | 1 |
| Sharma, G | 1 |
| Savioz, R | 1 |
| Martin, C | 1 |
| Williams, J | 1 |
| Baker, TB | 4 |
| Piper, ME | 1 |
| Stein, JH | 1 |
| Smith, SS | 3 |
| Bolt, DM | 1 |
| Fraser, DL | 1 |
| Fiore, MC | 3 |
| Lopez, AA | 1 |
| Hiler, M | 1 |
| Maloney, S | 1 |
| Eissenberg, T | 6 |
| Breland, AB | 3 |
| Irons, JG | 1 |
| Correia, CJ | 1 |
| Hendricks, PS | 2 |
| Prochaska, JJ | 1 |
| Humfleet, GL | 1 |
| Hall, SM | 1 |
| Rubinstein, ML | 1 |
| Auerback, GM | 1 |
| Moscicki, AB | 1 |
| Killen, JD | 3 |
| Fortmann, SP | 2 |
| Schatzberg, AF | 2 |
| Arredondo, C | 1 |
| Murphy, G | 1 |
| Hayward, C | 2 |
| Celio, M | 1 |
| Cromp, D | 1 |
| Fong, D | 2 |
| Pandurangi, M | 1 |
| Knackstedt, LA | 1 |
| LaRowe, S | 1 |
| Mardikian, P | 1 |
| Malcolm, R | 1 |
| Upadhyaya, H | 1 |
| Hedden, S | 1 |
| Markou, A | 1 |
| Kalivas, PW | 1 |
| Perkins, KA | 1 |
| Briski, J | 1 |
| Fonte, C | 1 |
| Scott, J | 1 |
| Lerman, C | 1 |
| Cobb, CO | 2 |
| Weaver, MF | 2 |
| Jones, M | 1 |
| Gloria, R | 1 |
| Angelos, L | 1 |
| Schaefer, HS | 1 |
| Davis, JM | 1 |
| Majeskie, M | 1 |
| Richmond, BS | 1 |
| Curtin, JJ | 1 |
| Davidson, RJ | 1 |
| Khazaal, Y | 1 |
| Zullino, DF | 1 |
| Marshall, EC | 1 |
| Johnson, K | 1 |
| Bergman, J | 1 |
| Gibson, LE | 1 |
| Zvolensky, MJ | 1 |
| Bailey, SR | 1 |
| Goedeker, KC | 1 |
| Tiffany, ST | 2 |
| Allen, AM | 1 |
| Lunos, S | 1 |
| Pomerleau, CS | 1 |
| Barrett, SP | 1 |
| Sood, A | 1 |
| Ebbert, JO | 1 |
| Prasad, K | 1 |
| Croghan, IT | 3 |
| Bauer, B | 1 |
| Schroeder, DR | 1 |
| Vansickel, AR | 1 |
| Eissenberg, TE | 1 |
| Murphy, GM | 1 |
| Lowenthal, K | 1 |
| Bryson, SW | 1 |
| Killen, DT | 1 |
| Gonzales, D | 1 |
| Jorenby, DE | 3 |
| Brandon, TH | 2 |
| Arteaga, C | 1 |
| Lee, TC | 1 |
| Kotlyar, M | 1 |
| Hertsgaard, LA | 1 |
| Lindgren, BR | 1 |
| Stepanov, I | 1 |
| Kaplan, GB | 2 |
| Swift, RM | 2 |
| Reid, N | 1 |
| Faseru, B | 1 |
| Choi, WS | 1 |
| Krebill, R | 1 |
| Mayo, MS | 1 |
| Nollen, NL | 1 |
| Okuyemi, KS | 1 |
| Ahluwalia, JS | 1 |
| Cox, LS | 1 |
| Dorner, TE | 1 |
| Tröstl, A | 1 |
| Womastek, I | 1 |
| Groman, E | 1 |
| Tønnesen, P | 2 |
| Lauri, H | 1 |
| Perfekt, R | 1 |
| Mann, K | 1 |
| Batra, A | 1 |
| Sofuoglu, M | 1 |
| Herman, AI | 1 |
| Nadim, H | 1 |
| Jatlow, P | 1 |
| Leung, L | 1 |
| Neufeld, T | 1 |
| Marin, S | 1 |
| Gutzeit, A | 1 |
| Froehlich, JM | 1 |
| Hergan, K | 1 |
| Graf, N | 1 |
| Binkert, CA | 1 |
| Meier, D | 1 |
| Brügger, M | 1 |
| Reischauer, C | 1 |
| Sutter, R | 1 |
| Herdener, M | 1 |
| Schubert, T | 1 |
| Kos, S | 1 |
| Grosshans, M | 1 |
| Straka, M | 1 |
| Mutschler, J | 1 |
| O'Neill, SC | 1 |
| Higgins, ST | 2 |
| Teneggi, V | 1 |
| Squassante, L | 1 |
| Milleri, S | 1 |
| Ziviani, L | 1 |
| Bye, A | 1 |
| Evans, SE | 1 |
| Buchhalter, AR | 2 |
| Cárdenas, L | 1 |
| Busto, UE | 1 |
| MacDonald, A | 1 |
| Corrigall, WA | 1 |
| Haustein, KO | 1 |
| Krause, J | 1 |
| Haustein, H | 1 |
| Rasmussen, T | 1 |
| Cort, N | 1 |
| Heil, SH | 1 |
| Holmes, HW | 1 |
| Badger, GJ | 1 |
| Cooney, JL | 1 |
| Cooney, NL | 1 |
| Pilkey, DT | 1 |
| Kranzler, HR | 1 |
| Oncken, CA | 1 |
| Mendelson, JH | 1 |
| Sholar, MB | 1 |
| Mutschler, NH | 1 |
| Jaszyna-Gasior, M | 1 |
| Goletiani, NV | 1 |
| Siegel, AJ | 1 |
| Mello, NK | 1 |
| Rose, JE | 6 |
| Behm, FM | 5 |
| Westman, EC | 3 |
| Bates, JE | 1 |
| Salley, A | 1 |
| Davis, GL | 2 |
| Wittmers, LE | 1 |
| Keely, JP | 1 |
| Pisinger, C | 1 |
| Hvidberg, S | 1 |
| Wennike, P | 1 |
| Bremann, L | 1 |
| Westin, A | 2 |
| Thomsen, C | 1 |
| Nilsson, F | 1 |
| Ludvig, J | 1 |
| Miner, B | 1 |
| Eisenberg, MJ | 1 |
| Sitkauskiene, B | 1 |
| Stravinskaite, K | 1 |
| Sakalauskas, R | 1 |
| Dicpinigaitis, PV | 1 |
| Kleykamp, BA | 1 |
| Monti, PM | 1 |
| Hutchison, KE | 2 |
| MacKinnon, SV | 1 |
| Kozink, RV | 1 |
| Daniel, JZ | 1 |
| Cropley, M | 1 |
| Fife-Schaw, C | 1 |
| West, RJ | 3 |
| Russell, MA | 3 |
| Jarvis, MJ | 1 |
| Feyerabend, C | 1 |
| Pearce, AC | 1 |
| Jones, RM | 1 |
| Hurt, RD | 3 |
| Offord, KP | 2 |
| Hays, JT | 1 |
| Lewis, SF | 1 |
| Gross, TM | 1 |
| Jarvik, ME | 2 |
| Rosenblatt, MR | 1 |
| Hasenfratz, M | 1 |
| Bättig, K | 2 |
| Richmond, RL | 1 |
| Harris, K | 1 |
| de Almeida Neto, A | 1 |
| Levin, ED | 4 |
| Stein, RM | 2 |
| Ripka, GV | 1 |
| Carnahan, E | 1 |
| Sanchez, M | 1 |
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| Dale, LC | 1 |
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| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Does Abstinence From E-cigarettes Produce Withdrawal Symptoms?[NCT02825459] | 147 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-07-31 | Completed | |||
| Project 2: Strategies for Reducing Nicotine Content in Cigarettes[NCT02139930] | 1,250 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2014-09-30 | Completed | |||
| UW Quitting Using Intensive Treatment Study[NCT03176784] | Phase 4 | 1,251 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-11-11 | Completed | ||
| A Comparative Effectiveness & Long Term Health Study in Wisconsin Smokers[NCT01553084] | Phase 4 | 1,086 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-05-31 | Completed | ||
| Behavioral Maintenance Treatment for Smoking Cessation[NCT00110825] | 304 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-02-29 | Completed | |||
| Behavioral Maintenance Treatment for Smoking Cessation[NCT01615770] | 304 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-02-29 | Completed | |||
| Imaging Framework for Testing GABAergic/Glutamatergic Drugs in Bipolar Alcoholics[NCT03220776] | Phase 2 | 54 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-08-07 | Completed | ||
| Effectiveness of N-Acetylcysteine in Motivational Enhancement Therapy for Nicotine Addiction: Study on the Dopaminergic Pathways, Changes in Functional Connectivity of fMRI Bold, and Changes in Smoking Abstinence[NCT05903014] | Phase 4 | 88 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-01-01 | Recruiting | ||
| Evaluating the Acute Effects of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Devices Marketed to Smokers.[NCT00932295] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 32 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-02-28 | Completed | ||
| Project 1, Study 1: Investigating the Impact of Nicotine Using Spectrum Cigarettes[NCT01681875] | 839 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-06-30 | Completed | |||
| St. John's Wort for Tobacco Cessation[NCT00405912] | Phase 2 | 118 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-09-30 | Completed | ||
| Selegiline Patch for Treatment of Nicotine Dependence[NCT01330030] | Phase 2 | 243 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-07-31 | Completed | ||
| A Twelve-Week, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Multicenter Study With Follow-up Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Varenicline Tartrate ( CP-526,555) in Comparison to Zyban for Smoking Cessation[NCT00143364] | Phase 3 | 1,005 participants | Interventional | 2003-06-30 | Completed | ||
| A Twelve-Week, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Multicenter Study With Follow-up Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Varenicline Tartrate ( CP-526,555) in Comparison to Zyban for Smoking Cessation[NCT00141206] | Phase 3 | 1,005 participants | Interventional | 2003-05-31 | Completed | ||
| Comparing the Health Effects of Smokeless Tobacco, Cigarette Smoking, and New Tobacco Products Advertised as Safer Alternatives Part of Tobacco Exposure Reduction[NCT00469079] | Phase 2 | 130 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Incentives Plus Bupropion for Smoking in Schizophrenics[NCT00136760] | Phase 2 | 57 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2003-09-30 | Completed | ||
| Evaluation of Aging, Autonomic Nervous System Activity and Cardiovascular Events on a Prospective Cohort of Subjects Aged 65 Years[NCT00759304] | 1,011 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2000-01-02 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| Autonomic Nervous System Activity, Aging and Sleep Apnea/Hypopnea in a Prospective Cohort of Subjects Aged 67 Years[NCT00766584] | 852 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2003-01-15 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| Effect of Self-administered Auricular Acupressure on Smoking Cessation-a Pilot Study[NCT01389622] | Phase 2 | 60 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2011-07-31 | Recruiting | ||
| Enhancing Smoking Cessation in the Homeless Population[NCT01932996] | Phase 4 | 352 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Phase 4 Study to Compare of the Effects of the Electronic Cigarette and Nicotine Inhalator on Tobacco Withdrawal Symptoms Over 24 Hours of Abstinence[NCT01454362] | 51 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-01-31 | Completed | |||
| The Interplay Between Addiction to Tobacco Smoking and Sleep Quality Among Healthy Adults[NCT04265339] | 150 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2018-10-15 | Recruiting | |||
| Brain Circuits in Schizophrenia and Smoking[NCT01369966] | 42 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2011-05-16 | Completed | |||
| The Safety of Transdermal Nicotine Immediately Following an Acute Coronary Syndrome: The STADIA Pilot Study[NCT00990197] | 30 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2005-06-30 | Suspended (stopped due to Difficulties with enrollment.) | |||
| A Phase 2, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter, Dose-Ranging Study of 100 or 250 μg of TA-NIC to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of the Vaccine as an Aid to Smoking Cessation[NCT00633321] | Phase 2 | 522 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2007-05-31 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy and Cost of State Quitline Policies[NCT00366977] | Phase 3 | 4,614 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2000-06-30 | Completed | ||
| An Innovative Digital Smoking Cessation Intervention for Low-Income Adults With Substance Use Disorder[NCT04419922] | 100 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2020-04-02 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
Biochemically confirmed self-reported total abstinence from any cigarette use (even a single puff) for the seven days preceding the target follow-up day, confirmed with an exhaled carbon monoxide reading of less than or equal to 5 ppm. (NCT03176784)
Timeframe: Assessed 23 weeks after quit date
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Varenicline + Patch Standard Duration | 74 |
| Varenicline Only Standard Duration | 66 |
| Varenicline + Patch Extended Duration | 82 |
| Varenicline Only Extended Duration | 70 |
Biochemically confirmed self-reported total abstinence from any cigarette use (even a single puff) from week 2 post-quit through week 23 post-quit, confirmed with an exhaled carbon monoxide reading of less than or equal to 5 ppm. (NCT03176784)
Timeframe: Assessed 23 weeks after quit date
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Varenicline + Patch Standard Duration | 66 |
| Varenicline Only Standard Duration | 72 |
| Varenicline + Patch Extended Duration | 73 |
| Varenicline Only Extended Duration | 65 |
Biochemically-confirmed self-reported total abstinence from any cigarette use (even a single puff) for the seven days preceding the target follow-up day, confirmed with an exhaled carbon monoxide reading of less than or equal to 5 ppm. (NCT03176784)
Timeframe: Assessed 52 weeks after quit date
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Varenicline + Patch Standard Duration | 74 |
| Varenicline Only Standard Duration | 79 |
| Varenicline + Patch Extended Duration | 78 |
| Varenicline Only Extended Duration | 76 |
Biochemically confirmed self-reported total abstinence from any cigarette use (even a single puff) from week 2 post-quit through week 52 post-quit, confirmed with an exhaled carbon monoxide reading of less than or equal to 5 ppm. (NCT03176784)
Timeframe: Assessed 52 weeks after quit date
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Varenicline + Patch Standard Duration | 47 |
| Varenicline Only Standard Duration | 55 |
| Varenicline + Patch Extended Duration | 57 |
| Varenicline Only Extended Duration | 46 |
Self-reported total abstinence from any tobacco use (even a single puff) for the seven days preceding the target follow-up day, confirmed with an exhaled carbon monoxide reading of <10 ppm.. (NCT01553084)
Timeframe: Assessed 26 weeks after the target quit day.
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Effectiveness of Nicotine Patch Only | 63 |
| Effectiveness of Combination NRT | 124 |
| Effectiveness of Varenicline [Chantix] | 108 |
The number of days to relapse is defined as the number of days from the target quit day until the first of seven consecutive days of smoking. (NCT01553084)
Timeframe: Assessed from the target quit day through 26 weeks.
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Effectiveness of Nicotine Patch Only | 29.3 |
| Effectiveness of Combination NRT | 37.4 |
| Effectiveness of Varenicline [Chantix] | 31.7 |
Defined as at least 1 day of abstinence during the first 7 days after the target quit day. (NCT01553084)
Timeframe: Assessed for the first seven days after the target quit date.
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Effectiveness of Nicotine Patch Only | 176 |
| Effectiveness of Combination NRT | 339 |
| Effectiveness of Varenicline [Chantix] | 289 |
Change in carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) from Baseline to Year 3 as a function of smoking status (abstinent versus smoking) at Year 3. Change is calculated as Baseline CIMT score minus Year 3 CIMT score. CIMT score is thickness of the carotid intima-media in millimeters (mm). Lower CIMT values indicate a better outcome. (NCT01553084)
Timeframe: Assessed at Baseline and Year 3
| Intervention | millimeters (mm) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Abstinent at Year 3 | -0.0682 |
| Smoking at Year 3 | -0.0620 |
Concentrations of GABA+, referenced to unsuppressed water and corrected for within-voxel CSF proportion, in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex measured via Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (i.e., MEGA-PRESS). (NCT03220776)
Timeframe: Day 5 of each experimental condition
| Intervention | mmol/kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| N-Acetylcysteine | 3.90 |
| Gabapentin | 3.93 |
| Placebo Oral Tablet | 3.73 |
Concentrations of Glx (i.e., glutamate + glutamine), referenced to unsuppressed water and corrected for within-voxel CSF proportion, in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex measured via Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. (NCT03220776)
Timeframe: Day 5 of each experimental condition
| Intervention | mmol/kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| N-Acetylcysteine | 21.59 |
| Gabapentin | 21.69 |
| Placebo Oral Tablet | 22.25 |
"Point prevalence tobacco abstinence was adjudicated if the following conditions were met:(a) self-reported tobacco abstinence for the previous 7 days with a negative response to the question Have you used any type of tobacco,even a puff, in the past 7 days? and (b) Expired Carbon Monoxide equal or less then 8 parts per million." (NCT00405912)
Timeframe: 12 weeks following start of medication
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 7 |
| St. John's Wort - 900 mg /Day | 8 |
| St. John's Wort - 1800 mg /Day | 6 |
tobacco abstience during the 12-week course of SJW in two different oral doses of 300-mg three times a day or 600-mg three times a day compared to placebo at six months. (NCT00405912)
Timeframe: 24 weeks after the start of medication
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0 |
| St. John's Wort - 900 mg /Day | 1 |
| St. John's Wort - 1800 mg /Day | 2 |
expired-air carbon monoxide confirmed smoking abstinence at 52 weeks (NCT01330030)
Timeframe: 52 weeks
| Intervention | participants not smoking (Number) |
|---|---|
| Drug Selegiline | 24 |
| Matching Placebo | 25 |
Self-reported daily use of the assigned study product. Range of scores is from 0 to about 20. Higher scores do not represent either a better or a worse outcome. Higher number of product used per day may indicate higher abuse liability of the product but may lead to a greater suppression in usual brand cigarette smoking. Lower number of product use per day may indicate lower abuse liability but may lead to lower suppression of usual brand smoking. (NCT00469079)
Timeframe: 4 weeks
| Intervention | uses per day (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Medicinal Nicotine | 7.27 |
| Taboka | 5.27 |
| Snus | 6.76 |
This study was not powered to detect differences in smoking cessation rates between groups; however, smoking status was collected at each visit to obtain preliminary data. Point prevalence (no smoking during the previous 7 days) cigarette abstinence rates were calculated at the end of treatment and at each of the 2 follow-up visits (week 1 and 11 post-intervention). Continuous abstinence rates were calculated for the 4 week period between the week 1 and week 4 visits. Abstinence at all visits was assessed by self-report (i.e., no cigarettes smoked) and confirmed by an exhaled CO of less than 8 ppm. At the follow-up visits, abstinence was also confirmed by both exhaled CO concentrations and urinary cotinine concentration (<35 ng/mL). (NCT00469079)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| End of intervention continuous abstinence | 1 week post-intervention point prevalence | 11 weeks post intervention point prevalence | |
| Camel Snus | 22 | 24 | 16 |
| Medicinal Nicotine | 11 | 15 | 9 |
| Taboka | 17 | 22 | 12 |
Changes in craving and withdrawal symptoms were assessed at the time of discontinuation of usual brand cigarettes (i.e., baseline compared to week 1). Assessments were made using the Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale, which measures abstinence effects from usual brand cigarettes. Total Score: Range of scores is from 0 to 28. All items with the exclusion of craving are summed. Craving Score: Range of score is from 0 to 4. A higher score would indicate more severe withdrawal. (NCT00469079)
Timeframe: Baseline and 1 week
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Craving Scores | Nicotine Withdrawal Scores | |
| Medicinal Nicotine | 2.55 | 8.15 |
| Snus | 2.62 | 8.61 |
| Taboka | 2.76 | 8.89 |
Levels of carcinogen biomarkers (NNAL) reported as difference between baseline and week 4 scores. (NCT00469079)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks
| Intervention | ng/ml (Geometric Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Cotinine | Total NNAL | Total NNN | |
| Medicinal Nicotine | 835.3 | 0.157 | 0.010 |
| Snus | 726.8 | 0.296 | 0.026 |
| Taboka | 782.1 | 0.281 | 0.011 |
(NCT00136760)
Timeframe: 3 weeks
| Intervention | cigarettes per day (Mean) |
|---|---|
| CM + BUP | 12.7 |
| CM + PLA | 13.9 |
| NR + BUP | 18.8 |
| NR + PLA | 21.0 |
Urinary Cotinine levels at Week 4 (average of last 3 study visits) (NCT00136760)
Timeframe: 3 weeks
| Intervention | ng/ml (Mean) |
|---|---|
| CM + BUP | 755 |
| CM + PLA | 1102 |
| NR + BUP | 1534 |
| NR + PLA | 1408 |
Smoking status is verified by measuring the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) in expired air. Participants with a breath CO content less than or equal to 8 parts per million are characterized as abstinent from smoking for at least 7 days. (NCT01932996)
Timeframe: at weeks 12
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Integrated Intensive Smoking + Alcohol | 21.6 |
| Usual Care | 14 |
Smoking status is verified by measuring the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) in expired air. Participants with a breath CO content less than or equal to 8 parts per million are characterized as abstinent from smoking for at least 7 days. (NCT01932996)
Timeframe: 7-day smoking abstinence at week 26 follow-up
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Integrated Intensive Smoking + Alcohol | 16.3 |
| Usual Care | 12.6 |
Participants will use a self-administered timeline-followback instrument, which asks them to retrospectively estimate their alcohol use in the 30 days prior to the report date. Outcome is reported as the mean number of continuous alcohol-free days over the past 30 day period. (NCT01932996)
Timeframe: at week 26
| Intervention | days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Integrated Intensive Smoking + Alcohol | 3.4 |
| Usual Care | 3.9 |
Sensory effects: Measure of airway sensations (throat and chest). Mean enjoyment score (rating 0-4), higher the score indicating increased enjoyment. (NCT01454362)
Timeframe: 24 hours
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Electronic Cigarette | 1.65 |
| Nicotine Inhalator | 0.51 |
"Cotinine is a measure sensitive enough to detect effects of a switch to different nicotine products and salivary cotinine was shown to be dependent on nicotine mouth exposure.~The results show the mean change in salivary cotinine in each study arm (all study participants)." (NCT01454362)
Timeframe: 24 hours
| Intervention | ng/ml (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Electronic Cigarette | -66.32 |
| Nicotine Inhalator | -53.8 |
"Mood and Physical Symptoms Scale (MPSS): Measure of severity of urges to smoke and tobacco withdrawal symptoms.~A five-point scale is used to rate 'How much of the time have you felt the urge to smoke in the past week?' ((1) 'not at all' to (5) 'almost all of the time') and 'How strong have the urges been?' ('no urges' to 'very strong'). Clients also rate depression, irritability, restlessness, hunger, poor concentration, poor sleep at night, and anxiety during the past week ((1)=not at all to (5)=extremely). The combined score to questions on depression, irritability, restlessness, hunger, and poor concentration are averaged to give the MPSS score. A higher score means a more severe rating of withdrawal.~The primary outcome is a change in MPSS score between baseline and 24 hours (value at 24 hours minus value at baseline). Therefore, a smaller change in MPSS score represents a smaller increase in tobacco withdrawal symptoms." (NCT01454362)
Timeframe: 24 hours
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Electronic Cigarette | 0.73 |
| Nicotine Inhalator | 0.86 |
Product satisfaction: Ratings of product satisfaction (when compared to cigarettes). Rating 0-4, with higher value indicating higher satisfaction ratings. (NCT01454362)
Timeframe: 24 hours
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Electronic Cigarette | 1.18 |
| Nicotine Inhalator | 0.59 |
Modified Cigarette Evaluation Questionnaire (mCEQ): Measure of reinforcing effects of smoking (pleasant feeling). Mean pleasant feeling from using product (rating 0-4). Higher value indicating the higher rating of pleasure. (NCT01454362)
Timeframe: 24 hours
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Electronic Cigarette | 2 |
| Nicotine Inhalator | 0.67 |
1 review available for carbon monoxide and Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Smoking cessation in patients with coronary artery disease.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Atherosclerosis; Behavi | 2005 |
71 trials available for carbon monoxide and Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Withdrawal Symptoms From E-Cigarette Abstinence Among Adult Never-Smokers: A Pilot Experimental Study.
Topics: Adult; Behavior, Addictive; Carbon Monoxide; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Health Be | 2020 |
Adolescent smokers' response to reducing the nicotine content of cigarettes: Acute effects on withdrawal symptoms and subjective evaluations.
Topics: Adolescent; Affect; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Craving; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female | 2018 |
Effects of nicotine deprivation on current pain intensity among daily cigarette smokers.
Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Chronic Pain; Cigarette Smoking; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Ma | 2018 |
Effect of Immediate vs Gradual Reduction in Nicotine Content of Cigarettes on Biomarkers of Smoke Exposure: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Adult; Area Under Curve; Biomarkers; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Creatinine; Doub | 2018 |
A Pilot Study of E-Cigarette Naïve Cigarette Smokers and the Effects on Craving After Acute Exposure to E-Cigarettes in the Laboratory.
Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Cigarette Smoking; Craving; Double-Blind Method; Electronic Nicotine Deliver | 2019 |
Withdrawal Symptoms From E-Cigarette Abstinence Among Former Smokers: A Pre-Post Clinical Trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Carbon Monoxide; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Health Behav | 2020 |
Intolerance for withdrawal discomfort and motivation predict voucher-based smoking treatment outcomes for smokers with substance use disorders.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Counseling; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Motivation; Patie | 2015 |
A randomised, crossover study on an electronic vapour product, a nicotine inhalator and a conventional cigarette. Part B: Safety and subjective effects.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adult; Aged; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Consumer Product Safety; Cro | 2016 |
Effects of Nicotine Patch vs Varenicline vs Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy on Smoking Cessation at 26 Weeks: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Counseling; Female; Humans; Intention to Treat Analysis; Male; Medication Ad | 2016 |
Effects of Nicotine Patch vs Varenicline vs Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy on Smoking Cessation at 26 Weeks: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Counseling; Female; Humans; Intention to Treat Analysis; Male; Medication Ad | 2016 |
Effects of Nicotine Patch vs Varenicline vs Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy on Smoking Cessation at 26 Weeks: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Counseling; Female; Humans; Intention to Treat Analysis; Male; Medication Ad | 2016 |
Effects of Nicotine Patch vs Varenicline vs Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy on Smoking Cessation at 26 Weeks: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Counseling; Female; Humans; Intention to Treat Analysis; Male; Medication Ad | 2016 |
Extended cognitive behavior therapy for cigarette smoking cessation.
Topics: Adult; Bupropion; Carbon Monoxide; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Counseling; Dopamine Uptake Inhibit | 2008 |
Extended cognitive behavior therapy for cigarette smoking cessation.
Topics: Adult; Bupropion; Carbon Monoxide; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Counseling; Dopamine Uptake Inhibit | 2008 |
Extended cognitive behavior therapy for cigarette smoking cessation.
Topics: Adult; Bupropion; Carbon Monoxide; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Counseling; Dopamine Uptake Inhibit | 2008 |
Extended cognitive behavior therapy for cigarette smoking cessation.
Topics: Adult; Bupropion; Carbon Monoxide; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Counseling; Dopamine Uptake Inhibit | 2008 |
The role of cystine-glutamate exchange in nicotine dependence in rats and humans.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Amino Acid Transport System y+; Amygdala; Animals; Brain; Carbon Monoxide; Excitator | 2009 |
The role of cystine-glutamate exchange in nicotine dependence in rats and humans.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Amino Acid Transport System y+; Amygdala; Animals; Brain; Carbon Monoxide; Excitator | 2009 |
The role of cystine-glutamate exchange in nicotine dependence in rats and humans.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Amino Acid Transport System y+; Amygdala; Animals; Brain; Carbon Monoxide; Excitator | 2009 |
The role of cystine-glutamate exchange in nicotine dependence in rats and humans.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Amino Acid Transport System y+; Amygdala; Animals; Brain; Carbon Monoxide; Excitator | 2009 |
Severity of tobacco abstinence symptoms varies by time of day.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, D | 2009 |
Evaluating the acute effects of oral, non-combustible potential reduced exposure products marketed to smokers.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Marketin | 2010 |
Prolonged exposure to denicotinized cigarettes with or without transdermal nicotine.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Aged; Carbon Monoxide; Double-Blind Method; Ex | 2009 |
The impact of cigarette deprivation and cigarette availability on cue-reactivity in smokers.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Behavior, Addictive; Carbon Monoxide; Conditioning, Psychological; Cues; | 2010 |
Severity of withdrawal symptomatology in follicular versus luteal quitters: The combined effects of menstrual phase and withdrawal on smoking cessation outcome.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biomarkers; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Follicular Phase; Humans; Luteal P | 2010 |
The effects of nicotine, denicotinized tobacco, and nicotine-containing tobacco on cigarette craving, withdrawal, and self-administration in male and female smokers.
Topics: Adult; Behavior, Addictive; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male | 2010 |
A randomized clinical trial of St. John's wort for smoking cessation.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Carbon Monoxide; Female; Flowers; Humans; Hypericum; Intention to Treat Ana | 2010 |
Failure to improve cigarette smoking abstinence with transdermal selegiline + cognitive behavior therapy.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Behavior Therapy; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; | 2010 |
Immediate versus delayed quitting and rates of relapse among smokers treated successfully with varenicline, bupropion SR or placebo.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Benzazepines; Breath Tests; Bupropion; Carbon Monoxide; Delayed-Action Prep | 2010 |
Immediate versus delayed quitting and rates of relapse among smokers treated successfully with varenicline, bupropion SR or placebo.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Benzazepines; Breath Tests; Bupropion; Carbon Monoxide; Delayed-Action Prep | 2010 |
Immediate versus delayed quitting and rates of relapse among smokers treated successfully with varenicline, bupropion SR or placebo.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Benzazepines; Breath Tests; Bupropion; Carbon Monoxide; Delayed-Action Prep | 2010 |
Immediate versus delayed quitting and rates of relapse among smokers treated successfully with varenicline, bupropion SR or placebo.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Benzazepines; Breath Tests; Bupropion; Carbon Monoxide; Delayed-Action Prep | 2010 |
Effect of oral snus and medicinal nicotine in smokers on toxicant exposure and withdrawal symptoms: a feasibility study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Feasibility Studies; Humans; Middle Aged; Nicoti | 2011 |
Effects of contingency management and bupropion on cigarette smoking in smokers with schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Behavior Therapy; Behavior, Addictive; Breath Tests; Bupropion; Carbon Monoxide; Combined Mod | 2011 |
Efficacy of a nicotine mouth spray in smoking cessation: a randomised, double-blind trial.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adult; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Counseling; Double-Blind Method; F | 2012 |
Efficacy of a nicotine mouth spray in smoking cessation: a randomised, double-blind trial.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adult; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Counseling; Double-Blind Method; F | 2012 |
Efficacy of a nicotine mouth spray in smoking cessation: a randomised, double-blind trial.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adult; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Counseling; Double-Blind Method; F | 2012 |
Efficacy of a nicotine mouth spray in smoking cessation: a randomised, double-blind trial.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adult; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Counseling; Double-Blind Method; F | 2012 |
Rapid nicotine clearance is associated with greater reward and heart rate increases from intravenous nicotine.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Carbon Monoxide; Chi-Square Distribution; Chromatography, H | 2012 |
Effect of self-administered auricular acupressure on smoking cessation--a pilot study.
Topics: Acupressure; Acupuncture Points; Acupuncture, Ear; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Carbon Monoxide; Ear; Ev | 2012 |
Insula-specific H magnetic resonance spectroscopy reactions in heavy smokers under acute nicotine withdrawal and after oral nicotine substitution.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Behavior, Addictive; Carbon Monoxide; Case-Control Studies; Cerebral Co | 2013 |
Contingent monetary reinforcement of smoking reductions, with and without transdermal nicotine, in outpatients with schizophrenia.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Mot | 2002 |
Smokers deprived of cigarettes for 72 h: effect of nicotine patches on craving and withdrawal.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Blood Pressure; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Cross-Over Studies; Dou | 2002 |
Nicotine patches and the subjective effects of cigarette smoking: a pilot study.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Blood Pressure; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Double-Blind Method; Fe | 2002 |
Comparison of the effects of combined nicotine replacement therapy vs. cigarette smoking in males.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous; Carbon Monoxide; Cardiovascu | 2003 |
A contingent payment model of smoking cessation: effects on abstinence and withdrawal.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; S | 2003 |
Effects of intravenous cocaine and cigarette smoking on luteinizing hormone, testosterone, and prolactin in men.
Topics: Carbon Monoxide; Cocaine; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Humans; Luteinizing | 2003 |
Pharmacologic and sensorimotor components of satiation in cigarette smoking.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Arousal; Carbon Monoxide; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Humans; Injections, Intrave | 2003 |
The effect of a novel smoking system--Accord--on ongoing smoking and toxin exposure.
Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Smoking Cessation; Smoking Prevention; Subst | 2004 |
Effects of smoking cessation and reduction in asthmatics.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adult; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Asthma; Carbon Monoxide; Chewing Gum; Chi- | 2005 |
Attenuated adrenocorticotropic responses to psychological stress are associated with early smoking relapse.
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Blood Pressure; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Female; Humans; H | 2005 |
The early time course of smoking withdrawal effects.
Topics: Adult; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Emotions; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Smoking Cessation; | 2006 |
Changes in cough reflex sensitivity after cessation and resumption of cigarette smoking.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Oral; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Breath Tests; Caps | 2007 |
High-dose transdermal nicotine and naltrexone: effects on nicotine withdrawal, urges, smoking, and effects of smoking.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Oral; Adult; Blood Pressure; Breath Tests; Capsules; Carb | 2007 |
DRD4 VNTR polymorphism is associated with transient fMRI-BOLD responses to smoking cues.
Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Cerebral Cortex; Cues; Female; Gene Frequency; Genotype; Gyrus Cinguli; Huma | 2007 |
Acute exercise effects on smoking withdrawal symptoms and desire to smoke are not related to expectation.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Affect; Analysis of Variance; Aspirations, Psychological; Carbon M | 2007 |
Does switching to an ultra-low nicotine cigarette induce nicotine withdrawal effects?
Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Smoking; Substance Withdrawal Sy | 1984 |
Varying nicotine patch dose and type of smoking cessation counseling.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Carbon Monoxide; Combined Modality Therapy; | 1995 |
Nicotine abstinence produces content-specific Stroop interference.
Topics: Adult; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Color Perception Tests; Humans; Male; Mental Processes; Nicoti | 1993 |
Psychophysiological interactions between smoking and stress coping?
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Anxiety; Blood Pressure; Carbon Monoxide; Cardiac Output; Cardiogr | 1993 |
The transdermal nicotine patch: results of a randomised placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Age Factors; Attitude to Health; Behavior Therapy; Carbon Monoxide | 1994 |
Mecamylamine combined with nicotine skin patch facilitates smoking cessation beyond nicotine patch treatment alone.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Affect; Blood Pressure; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Double-Blin | 1994 |
Nicotine skin patch treatment increases abstinence, decreases withdrawal symptoms, and attenuates rewarding effects of smoking.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Arousal; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Double-Blind Method; Femal | 1994 |
Nicotine patch therapy for smoking cessation combined with physician advice and nurse follow-up. One-year outcome and percentage of nicotine replacement.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Aged; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Counseling; Double- | 1994 |
Two studies of the clinical effectiveness of the nicotine patch with different counseling treatments.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Aged; Body Weight; Carbon Monoxide; Combined Modality Therapy; Cot | 1994 |
Clinical evaluation of a citric acid inhaler for smoking cessation.
Topics: Adult; Aerosols; Affect; Behavior Therapy; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Citrates; Citric Acid; Dou | 1993 |
Desire to smoke during spaced smoking intervals.
Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotiana; Plants, Toxic; Sel | 1995 |
Mecamylamine does not precipitate withdrawal in cigarette smokers.
Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Carbon Monoxide; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Mecamylamine; Middle Aged; | 1996 |
Evaluation of cranial electrostimulation therapy on short-term smoking cessation.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Carbon Monoxide; Double-Blind Method; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Female; Humans; Ma | 1997 |
Effects of nicotine dose and administration method on withdrawal symptoms and side effects during short-term smoking abstinence.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Affect; Blood Pressure; Carbon Monoxide; Central Nervous System St | 1997 |
Aiding reduction of smoking with nicotine replacement medications: hope for the recalcitrant smoker?
Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Nic | 1997 |
Dependence on smoking and the acoustic startle response in healthy smokers.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Electromyography; Emotions; Female; Heart Rate; Humans | 1998 |
Effects of nicotine on methadone self-administration in humans.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Behavior, Addictive; Carbon Monoxide; Drug Interactions; Female; Heroin | 1998 |
Nicotine patch therapy in 101 adolescent smokers: efficacy, withdrawal symptom relief, and carbon monoxide and plasma cotinine levels.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adolescent; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; | 2000 |
Smoking behavior, dysphoric states and the menstrual cycle: results from single smoking sessions and the natural environment.
Topics: Adult; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Depression; Female; Humans; Menstrual Cycle; Smoking; Smoking | 2000 |
Preliminary evaluation of a novel smoking system: effects on subjective and physiological measures and on smoking behavior.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Carbon Monoxide; Equipment and Supplies; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine | 2000 |
Assessing the impact of a nurse-led health education intervention for people with peripheral vascular disease who smoke: the use of physiological markers, nicotine dependence and withdrawal.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Health Knowled | 2001 |
Do adolescent smokers experience withdrawal effects when deprived of nicotine?
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Double-Blind Method; Female; Heart Ra | 2001 |
Smokeless tobacco abstinence effects and nicotine gum dose.
Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Chewing Gum; Cotinine; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; | 1992 |
[Weaning of young smokers using a transdermal nicotine patch].
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Nicoti | 1991 |
Reduced nicotine exposure and abstinence outcome in two nicotine fading methods.
Topics: Adult; Behavior Therapy; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; | 1991 |
Effects of nicotine administration following 12 h of tobacco deprivation: assessment on computerized performance tasks.
Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Humans; Male; Memory; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Psychomotor Performance; Reacti | 1989 |
Controlled trial of transdermal nicotine patch in tobacco withdrawal.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Body Weight; Carbon Monoxide; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; | 1989 |
Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of nicotine chewing-gum.
Topics: Carbon Monoxide; Chewing Gum; Clinical Trials as Topic; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Humans; Nicotin | 1987 |
'Hangover' effects the morning after marijuana smoking.
Topics: Adult; Affect; Arousal; Attention; Carbon Monoxide; Dronabinol; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Mental Rec | 1985 |
Pre-abstinence smoke intake and smoking motivation as predictors of severity of cigarette withdrawal symptoms.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Female; Humans; Hunger; Male; Middle Aged; Motivation; N | 1985 |
29 other studies available for carbon monoxide and Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
[Health Effects Accompanying the Transition from Cigarettes to Heat-not-burn Tobacco: Nicotine Dependence, Nicotine Withdrawal Symptoms, and Changes in Smoking Behaviors].
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Adult; Ammonia; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Dust; Formaldehyde; Humans; M | 2018 |
Investigating group contingencies to promote brief abstinence from cigarette smoking.
Topics: Adult; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotiana; Smoking; Social | 2013 |
[Do patients increase smoking during alcohol withdrawal?].
Topics: Alcoholism; Carbon Monoxide; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Male; Smoking; Substance Withdrawal Sy | 2014 |
Young adult waterpipe smokers: Smoking behaviors and associated subjective and physiological effects.
Topics: Adult; Affect; Blood Pressure; Carbon Monoxide; Dizziness; Fatigue; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Heart | 2014 |
Peptide YY and ghrelin predict craving and risk for relapse in abstinent smokers.
Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Craving; Female; Ghrelin; Humans; Male; Peptide YY; Recurrence; Ri | 2014 |
The effects of nicotine dependence and acute abstinence on the processing of drug and non-drug rewards.
Topics: Carbon Monoxide; Choice Behavior; Craving; Cross-Over Studies; Depression; Female; Humans; Male; Mot | 2015 |
Changes in circulating leptin levels during the initial stage of cessation are associated with smoking relapse.
Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Craving; Female; Humans; Leptin; Male; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonist | 2015 |
Expanding clinical laboratory tobacco product evaluation methods to loose-leaf tobacco vaporizers.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Humans; Laboratori | 2016 |
A brief abstinence test for college student smokers: a feasibility study.
Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Feasibility Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; Smoking | 2008 |
Evaluating the validities of different DSM-IV-based conceptual constructs of tobacco dependence.
Topics: Adult; Behavior, Addictive; California; Carbon Monoxide; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental | 2008 |
Rate of nicotine metabolism and withdrawal symptoms in adolescent light smokers.
Topics: Adolescent; Air; Breath Tests; California; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gas | 2008 |
An fMRI investigation of the impact of withdrawal on regional brain activity during nicotine anticipation.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Carbon Monoxide; Cues; Female; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic R | 2009 |
Topiramate for smoking cessation and the importance to distinguish withdrawal-motivated consumption and cue-triggered automatisms.
Topics: Carbon Monoxide; Cues; Fructose; Humans; Neuroprotective Agents; Randomized Controlled Trials as Top | 2009 |
Anxiety sensitivity and panic reactivity to bodily sensations: relation to quit-day (acute) nicotine withdrawal symptom severity among daily smokers making a self-guided quit attempt.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anxiety; Carbon Monoxide; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; | 2009 |
A clinical laboratory model for evaluating the acute effects of electronic "cigarettes": nicotine delivery profile and cardiovascular and subjective effects.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Consumer Behavior; Electronics; | 2010 |
Factors associated with smoking menthol cigarettes among treatment-seeking African American light smokers.
Topics: Age Factors; Black or African American; Carbon Monoxide; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Kansas | 2011 |
Predictors of short-term success in smoking cessation in relation to attendance at a smoking cessation program.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Counseling; Depression; Female; Humans; Logistic | 2011 |
Acute effects of Advance: a potential reduced exposure product for smokers.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Air Pollutants; Carbon Monoxide; Cross-Over Studies; Environmental Exposure; Fema | 2002 |
Effects of nicotine deprivation on urges to drink and smoke in alcoholic smokers.
Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Cues; Female; Humans; Imagery, Psychothe | 2003 |
Prospective examination of effects of smoking abstinence on cortisol and withdrawal symptoms as predictors of early smoking relapse.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Aged; Area Under Curve; Carbon Monoxide; Circadian Rhythm; Cotinine; Fema | 2004 |
Clinical laboratory evaluation of potential reduced exposure products for smokers.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Carbon Monoxide; Carcinogens; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicoti | 2006 |
Smoking and anesthesia: preoperative abstinence and perioperative morbidity.
Topics: Analgesics; Anesthesia; Carbon Monoxide; Carboxyhemoglobin; Cardiovascular System; Hemostasis; Human | 1984 |
Role of nicotine dose and sensory cues in the regulation of smoke intake.
Topics: Adult; Aerosols; Affect; Arousal; Carbon Monoxide; Cues; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Respira | 1993 |
Biological influences on cigarette smoking.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Carbon Monoxide; Drug Tolerance; Hemodynamics; Humans; Neurotransmitter Agents; Nico | 1979 |
Human aggressive responding during acute tobacco abstinence: effects of nicotine and placebo gum.
Topics: Adult; Aggression; Carbon Monoxide; Chewing Gum; Conditioning, Operant; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Plac | 1991 |
Effect of cigarettes on memory search and subjective ratings.
Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Female; Humans; Male; Memory; Nicotine; Psychomotor Performance; Smoking; Su | 1991 |
Tobacco "chippers"--individual differences in tobacco dependence.
Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Drug Tolerance; Emotions; Family; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Individualit | 1989 |
Cardiovascular and subjective effects of smoking before and after 24 h of abstinence from cigarettes.
Topics: Adult; Body Temperature; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Female; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Humans; Ma | 1987 |
Effects of smoking deprivation on smoking behavior and heart rate response in high and low CO absorbing smokers.
Topics: Absorption; Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Heart Rate; Humans; Nicotine; Smoking; Substance Withdrawal Synd | 1987 |