Page last updated: 2024-10-16

carbon monoxide and Substance Withdrawal Syndrome

carbon monoxide has been researched along with Substance Withdrawal Syndrome in 101 studies

Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.

Substance Withdrawal Syndrome: Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"Participants were randomized to one of three 12-week open-label smoking cessation pharmacotherapy groups: (1) nicotine patch only (n = 241); (2) varenicline only (including 1 prequit week; n = 424); and (3) C-NRT (nicotine patch + nicotine lozenge; n = 421)."9.22Effects of Nicotine Patch vs Varenicline vs Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy on Smoking Cessation at 26 Weeks: A Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Baker, TB; Bolt, DM; Fiore, MC; Fraser, DL; Piper, ME; Smith, SS; Stein, JH, 2016)
" This multicentre, randomised (2:1), double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy and safety study evaluated self-reported, carbon monoxide-verified continuous abstinence from smoking from week 2 until weeks 6, 24, and 52 in 479 smokers (≥ 1 cigarette per day) who were treated with either active (n=318) or placebo (n=161) spray for 12 weeks and low-intensity counselling at three smoking cessation clinics in Denmark and Germany."9.16Efficacy of a nicotine mouth spray in smoking cessation: a randomised, double-blind trial. ( Batra, A; Lauri, H; Mann, K; Perfekt, R; Tønnesen, P, 2012)
"This proof-of-concept study investigated the feasibility and initial efficacy of combining a contingency management intervention with bupropion to reduce smoking in people with schizophrenia."9.15Effects of contingency management and bupropion on cigarette smoking in smokers with schizophrenia. ( Kaplan, GB; Reid, N; Rohsenow, DJ; Swift, RM; Tidey, JW, 2011)
"This study was conducted to examine the effects of contingent monetary reinforcement (CM) for smoking reduction, with and without transdermal nicotine, on cigarette smoking in individuals with schizophrenia."9.10Contingent monetary reinforcement of smoking reductions, with and without transdermal nicotine, in outpatients with schizophrenia. ( Higgins, ST; O'Neill, SC; Tidey, JW, 2002)
"There does not appear to be any general, sustained benefit of initiating transdermal nicotine therapy with a 44-mg patch dose or of providing intense adjuvant smoking cessation treatment."9.08Varying nicotine patch dose and type of smoking cessation counseling. ( Baker, TB; Croghan, IT; Fiore, MC; Hays, JT; Hurt, RD; Jorenby, DE; Lewis, SF; Offord, KP; Smith, SS, 1995)
"Agonist-antagonist therapy, consisting of the nicotine patch with oral mecamylamine, may substantially improve current smoking cessation treatment."9.07Mecamylamine combined with nicotine skin patch facilitates smoking cessation beyond nicotine patch treatment alone. ( Behm, FM; Levin, ED; Ripka, GV; Rose, JE; Stein, RM; Westman, EC, 1994)
"To determine the efficacy of a 22-mg nicotine patch combined with the National Cancer Institute program for physician advice and nurse follow-up in providing withdrawal symptom relief, 1-year smoking cessation outcome, and percentage of nicotine replacement."9.07Nicotine patch therapy for smoking cessation combined with physician advice and nurse follow-up. One-year outcome and percentage of nicotine replacement. ( Caldwell, CC; Dale, LC; Fredrickson, PA; Hurt, RD; Lauger, GG; Lee, GA; Lundberg, TG; Marŭsić, Z; Neese, LW; Offord, KP, 1994)
"The current investigation explored the main and interactive effects of panic attacks in response to laboratory-induced bodily sensations and anxiety sensitivity in predicting acute nicotine withdrawal symptoms among daily smokers making a self-guided quit attempt."7.75Anxiety sensitivity and panic reactivity to bodily sensations: relation to quit-day (acute) nicotine withdrawal symptom severity among daily smokers making a self-guided quit attempt. ( Bergman, J; Gibson, LE; Johnson, K; Marshall, EC; Zvolensky, MJ, 2009)
"Participants were randomized to one of three 12-week open-label smoking cessation pharmacotherapy groups: (1) nicotine patch only (n = 241); (2) varenicline only (including 1 prequit week; n = 424); and (3) C-NRT (nicotine patch + nicotine lozenge; n = 421)."5.22Effects of Nicotine Patch vs Varenicline vs Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy on Smoking Cessation at 26 Weeks: A Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Baker, TB; Bolt, DM; Fiore, MC; Fraser, DL; Piper, ME; Smith, SS; Stein, JH, 2016)
" This multicentre, randomised (2:1), double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy and safety study evaluated self-reported, carbon monoxide-verified continuous abstinence from smoking from week 2 until weeks 6, 24, and 52 in 479 smokers (≥ 1 cigarette per day) who were treated with either active (n=318) or placebo (n=161) spray for 12 weeks and low-intensity counselling at three smoking cessation clinics in Denmark and Germany."5.16Efficacy of a nicotine mouth spray in smoking cessation: a randomised, double-blind trial. ( Batra, A; Lauri, H; Mann, K; Perfekt, R; Tønnesen, P, 2012)
"This proof-of-concept study investigated the feasibility and initial efficacy of combining a contingency management intervention with bupropion to reduce smoking in people with schizophrenia."5.15Effects of contingency management and bupropion on cigarette smoking in smokers with schizophrenia. ( Kaplan, GB; Reid, N; Rohsenow, DJ; Swift, RM; Tidey, JW, 2011)
"Transdermal selegiline does not appear generally effective in aiding smoking cessation though there may be a selective effect in those smokers with low 'behavioral activation'."5.14Failure to improve cigarette smoking abstinence with transdermal selegiline + cognitive behavior therapy. ( Bryson, SW; Fong, D; Fortmann, SP; Hayward, C; Killen, DT; Killen, JD; Lowenthal, K; Murphy, GM; Schatzberg, AF, 2010)
"This study was conducted to examine the effects of contingent monetary reinforcement (CM) for smoking reduction, with and without transdermal nicotine, on cigarette smoking in individuals with schizophrenia."5.10Contingent monetary reinforcement of smoking reductions, with and without transdermal nicotine, in outpatients with schizophrenia. ( Higgins, ST; O'Neill, SC; Tidey, JW, 2002)
" Twenty-four healthy volunteers, not intending to quit smoking, were housed in an experimental unit during three 72-h conditions, consisting of either free smoking, enforced smoking cessation with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) patches, or enforced smoking cessation with placebo patches."5.10Smokers deprived of cigarettes for 72 h: effect of nicotine patches on craving and withdrawal. ( Bye, A; Milleri, S; Squassante, L; Teneggi, V; Tiffany, ST; Ziviani, L, 2002)
"There does not appear to be any general, sustained benefit of initiating transdermal nicotine therapy with a 44-mg patch dose or of providing intense adjuvant smoking cessation treatment."5.08Varying nicotine patch dose and type of smoking cessation counseling. ( Baker, TB; Croghan, IT; Fiore, MC; Hays, JT; Hurt, RD; Jorenby, DE; Lewis, SF; Offord, KP; Smith, SS, 1995)
"Mecamylamine is an antihypertensive that acts via nicotinic antagonism and has been suggested as an aid in smoking cessation."5.08Mecamylamine does not precipitate withdrawal in cigarette smokers. ( Eissenberg, T; Griffiths, RR; Stitzer, ML, 1996)
"The effects of using several nicotine replacement treatments on self-reported withdrawal symptoms and side effects during 2-day periods of smoking cessation, with 5 days of ad lib smoking between cessation days, were evaluated."5.08Effects of nicotine dose and administration method on withdrawal symptoms and side effects during short-term smoking abstinence. ( Aickin, M; Cook, G; Hill, AL; Holden, T; Kligman, E; Leischow, SJ; Otte, PS; Valente, SN, 1997)
"Agonist-antagonist therapy, consisting of the nicotine patch with oral mecamylamine, may substantially improve current smoking cessation treatment."5.07Mecamylamine combined with nicotine skin patch facilitates smoking cessation beyond nicotine patch treatment alone. ( Behm, FM; Levin, ED; Ripka, GV; Rose, JE; Stein, RM; Westman, EC, 1994)
"To evaluate the efficacy of the transdermal nicotine patch as an aid to smoking cessation when used as an adjunct to a cognitive-behavioural group intervention and to assess the effectiveness of the patch in ameliorating withdrawal symptoms."5.07The transdermal nicotine patch: results of a randomised placebo-controlled trial. ( de Almeida Neto, A; Harris, K; Richmond, RL, 1994)
"A variety of studies have shown that nicotine skin patches are effective in promoting smoking cessation."5.07Nicotine skin patch treatment increases abstinence, decreases withdrawal symptoms, and attenuates rewarding effects of smoking. ( Behm, FM; Carnahan, E; Herman, S; Levin, ED; Rose, JE; Sanchez, M; Stein, RM; Westman, EC, 1994)
"To determine the efficacy of a 22-mg nicotine patch combined with the National Cancer Institute program for physician advice and nurse follow-up in providing withdrawal symptom relief, 1-year smoking cessation outcome, and percentage of nicotine replacement."5.07Nicotine patch therapy for smoking cessation combined with physician advice and nurse follow-up. One-year outcome and percentage of nicotine replacement. ( Caldwell, CC; Dale, LC; Fredrickson, PA; Hurt, RD; Lauger, GG; Lee, GA; Lundberg, TG; Marŭsić, Z; Neese, LW; Offord, KP, 1994)
" Also, we examined the impact of the nicotine patch on specific withdrawal symptoms (anger, anxiety, awakening, difficulty concentrating, depression, hunger, impatience, and craving)."5.07Two studies of the clinical effectiveness of the nicotine patch with different counseling treatments. ( Baker, TB; Fiore, MC; Jorenby, DE; Kenford, SL; Smith, SS; Wetter, DW, 1994)
" This study investigated the ability of peptide YY (PYY) and ghrelin during the initial 24-48 h of a smoking cessation attempt to predict smoking relapse at 4 weeks."3.80Peptide YY and ghrelin predict craving and risk for relapse in abstinent smokers. ( al'Absi, M; Lemieux, A; Nakajima, M, 2014)
" Logistic regression analysis revealed that the independent predictors of success in smoking cessation were being male; low nicotine dependence; smoking few cigarettes per day at baseline; having no history of depression; having low values for craving for cigarettes, irritability, frustration, anger, or nocturnal awakening at baseline; decreased craving for cigarettes and restlessness with time; and use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)."3.77Predictors of short-term success in smoking cessation in relation to attendance at a smoking cessation program. ( Dorner, TE; Groman, E; Tröstl, A; Womastek, I, 2011)
"The current investigation explored the main and interactive effects of panic attacks in response to laboratory-induced bodily sensations and anxiety sensitivity in predicting acute nicotine withdrawal symptoms among daily smokers making a self-guided quit attempt."3.75Anxiety sensitivity and panic reactivity to bodily sensations: relation to quit-day (acute) nicotine withdrawal symptom severity among daily smokers making a self-guided quit attempt. ( Bergman, J; Gibson, LE; Johnson, K; Marshall, EC; Zvolensky, MJ, 2009)
"Our finding suggests that withdrawal symptoms can occur in never-smokers who stop e-cigarettes abruptly."2.94Withdrawal Symptoms From E-Cigarette Abstinence Among Adult Never-Smokers: A Pilot Experimental Study. ( Callas, PW; Etter, JF; Hughes, JR; Morley, N; Oga, E; Peasley-Miklus, C; Peters, EN, 2020)
" Outcomes included adverse events (AEs), vital signs, exhaled carbon monoxide (CO), clinical laboratory parameters, smoking urges and withdrawal symptoms."2.82A randomised, crossover study on an electronic vapour product, a nicotine inhalator and a conventional cigarette. Part B: Safety and subjective effects. ( Martin, C; Savioz, R; Sharma, G; Walele, T; Williams, J, 2016)
"Smokers with substance use disorders have very low smoking cessation rates so identifying predictors of smoking treatment response is particularly important for these difficult-to-treat smokers."2.80Intolerance for withdrawal discomfort and motivation predict voucher-based smoking treatment outcomes for smokers with substance use disorders. ( Colby, SM; Kahler, CW; Martin, RA; Rohsenow, DJ; Sirota, AD; Tidey, JW, 2015)
"Simultaneously, craving, withdrawal symptoms, and CO levels in exhaled air were determined during the three phases."2.78Insula-specific H magnetic resonance spectroscopy reactions in heavy smokers under acute nicotine withdrawal and after oral nicotine substitution. ( Binkert, CA; Brügger, M; Froehlich, JM; Graf, N; Grosshans, M; Gutzeit, A; Herdener, M; Hergan, K; Kos, S; Meier, D; Mutschler, J; Reischauer, C; Schubert, T; Straka, M; Sutter, R, 2013)
"SJW did not attenuate withdrawal symptoms among abstinent subjects."2.75A randomized clinical trial of St. John's wort for smoking cessation. ( Bauer, B; Croghan, IT; Ebbert, JO; Prasad, K; Schroeder, DR; Sood, A, 2010)
"Regardless of quit phase, most withdrawal symptoms were associated with an increased risk of relapse at 14 and 30 days post quit date."2.75Severity of withdrawal symptomatology in follicular versus luteal quitters: The combined effects of menstrual phase and withdrawal on smoking cessation outcome. ( Allen, AM; Allen, SS; Lunos, S; Pomerleau, CS, 2010)
"Participants provided weekly ratings of withdrawal symptoms, craving, and carbon monoxide (CO) measurements and logged daily cigarette and alcohol use."2.74The role of cystine-glutamate exchange in nicotine dependence in rats and humans. ( Hedden, S; Kalivas, PW; Knackstedt, LA; LaRowe, S; Malcolm, R; Mardikian, P; Markou, A; Upadhyaya, H, 2009)
"Naltrexone reduced cue-elicited withdrawal symptoms but not urges to smoke or deprivation-induced withdrawal prior to cue exposure."2.73High-dose transdermal nicotine and naltrexone: effects on nicotine withdrawal, urges, smoking, and effects of smoking. ( Hutchison, KE; Kaplan, GB; MacKinnon, SV; Monti, PM; Rohsenow, DJ; Sirota, AD; Swift, RM, 2007)
"Nicotine was administered using programmed presentations of either pulsed injections or continuous infusions, with i."2.71Pharmacologic and sensorimotor components of satiation in cigarette smoking. ( Bates, JE; Behm, FM; Rose, JE; Salley, A; Westman, EC, 2003)
"Nicotine withdrawal symptoms such as craving, irritability, tension, frustration, anxiety and restlessness were significantly increased in both patch conditions after 48 h of smoking abstinence."2.70Nicotine patches and the subjective effects of cigarette smoking: a pilot study. ( Busto, UE; Cárdenas, L; Corrigall, WA; MacDonald, A, 2002)
"Issues about the measurement of nicotine dependence and withdrawal are highlighted."2.70Assessing the impact of a nurse-led health education intervention for people with peripheral vascular disease who smoke: the use of physiological markers, nicotine dependence and withdrawal. ( Galvin, K; Hillier, V; Webb, C, 2001)
"Heart rate and subjective withdrawal symptoms were measured over an 8-hr period while participants smoked normally."2.70Do adolescent smokers experience withdrawal effects when deprived of nicotine? ( Ammerman, S; Haydel, F; Killen, JD; Robinson, TN; Rojas, N; Varady, J, 2001)
"The ineffectiveness of CES to reduce withdrawal symptoms and facilitate smoking cessation are similar to results of other clinical studies of CES in drug dependence, although positive effects of CES in animal studies have been reported."2.68Evaluation of cranial electrostimulation therapy on short-term smoking cessation. ( Butschky, MF; Fant, RV; Goffman, AL; Henningfield, JE; Pickworth, WB, 1997)
"The other withdrawal symptoms were not influenced by TNS treatment."2.67[Weaning of young smokers using a transdermal nicotine patch]. ( Bühler, A; Ehrsam, RE; Howald, H; Imhof, PR; Mauli, D; Müller, P; Schumacher, PM, 1991)
"Craving and withdrawal symptoms decreased more with nicotine substitution for cigarettes."2.66Controlled trial of transdermal nicotine patch in tobacco withdrawal. ( Abelin, T; Buehler, A; Imhof, PR; Müller, P; Vesanen, K, 1989)
"irritability, restlessness)."2.66Pre-abstinence smoke intake and smoking motivation as predictors of severity of cigarette withdrawal symptoms. ( Russell, MA; West, RJ, 1985)
"However, other common cigarette withdrawal symptoms, such as irritability, depression, and inability to concentrate, were not detected."2.65Does switching to an ultra-low nicotine cigarette induce nicotine withdrawal effects? ( Feyerabend, C; Jarvis, MJ; Russell, MA; West, RJ, 1984)
"Smoking cessation is an important factor in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiac events."2.43Smoking cessation in patients with coronary artery disease. ( Eisenberg, MJ; Ludvig, J; Miner, B, 2005)
"Carbon monoxide and dust were detected in the exhalation of heat-not-burn tobacco."1.48[Health Effects Accompanying the Transition from Cigarettes to Heat-not-burn Tobacco: Nicotine Dependence, Nicotine Withdrawal Symptoms, and Changes in Smoking Behaviors]. ( Kawamura, K; Morioka, I; Yamada, K, 2018)
"Nicotine dependence was associated with a hypersensitivity to cigarette rewards, but we found little evidence indicating a hyposensitivity to non-drug rewards."1.42The effects of nicotine dependence and acute abstinence on the processing of drug and non-drug rewards. ( Curran, HV; Das, RK; Freeman, TP; Hindocha, C; Lawn, W; Mokrysz, C; Morgan, CJ, 2015)
"Leptin has been linked to tobacco craving and withdrawal-related symptoms."1.42Changes in circulating leptin levels during the initial stage of cessation are associated with smoking relapse. ( al'Absi, M; Allen, S; Hatsukami, DK; Lemieux, A; Nakajima, M, 2015)
"Menthol has been found to be inversely related to smoking cessation among AA, yet little is known about the factors associated with menthol smoking among AA light smokers."1.37Factors associated with smoking menthol cigarettes among treatment-seeking African American light smokers. ( Ahluwalia, JS; Choi, WS; Cox, LS; Faseru, B; Krebill, R; Mayo, MS; Nollen, NL; Okuyemi, KS, 2011)
"Faster metabolizers reported greater withdrawal symptoms after 24 hours of abstinence compared with slower metabolizers even after adjusting for the number of cigarettes smoked per day."1.35Rate of nicotine metabolism and withdrawal symptoms in adolescent light smokers. ( Auerback, GM; Benowitz, NL; Moscicki, AB; Rubinstein, ML, 2008)
"DSM-IV nicotine dependence criteria were measured at baseline with a computerized version of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for DSM-IV (DIS-IV)."1.35Evaluating the validities of different DSM-IV-based conceptual constructs of tobacco dependence. ( Hall, SM; Hendricks, PS; Humfleet, GL; Prochaska, JJ, 2008)
"Withdrawal symptoms were measured daily, and smoking behavior was assessed on the first and last day of each condition."1.33Clinical laboratory evaluation of potential reduced exposure products for smokers. ( Breland, AB; Eissenberg, T; Kleykamp, BA, 2006)
"Abstinence produced significant withdrawal symptoms in all participants and reduced cotinine and carbon monoxide levels."1.32Prospective examination of effects of smoking abstinence on cortisol and withdrawal symptoms as predictors of early smoking relapse. ( al'Absi, M; Davis, GL; Hatsukami, D; Wittmers, LE, 2004)

Research

Studies (101)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-199011 (10.89)18.7374
1990's22 (21.78)18.2507
2000's35 (34.65)29.6817
2010's31 (30.69)24.3611
2020's2 (1.98)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Hughes, JR3
Peters, EN2
Callas, PW2
Peasley-Miklus, C2
Oga, E2
Etter, JF2
Morley, N2
Cassidy, RN1
Colby, SM2
Tidey, JW5
Jackson, KM1
Cioe, PA1
Krishnan-Sarin, S1
Hatsukami, D4
LaRowe, LR1
Kosiba, JD1
Zale, EL1
Ditre, JW2
Hatsukami, DK3
Luo, X1
Jensen, JA2
al'Absi, M5
Allen, SS2
Carmella, SG2
Chen, M1
Cinciripini, PM1
Denlinger-Apte, R1
Drobes, DJ2
Koopmeiners, JS1
Lane, T1
Le, CT1
Leischow, S1
Luo, K1
McClernon, FJ2
Murphy, SE2
Paiano, V1
Robinson, JD1
Severson, H1
Sipe, C1
Strasser, AA1
Strayer, LG1
Tang, MK1
Vandrey, R1
Hecht, SS2
Benowitz, NL2
Donny, EC2
Kawamura, K1
Yamada, K1
Morioka, I1
De La Garza, R1
Shuman, SL1
Yammine, L1
Yoon, JH1
Salas, R1
Holst, M1
Meredith, SE1
Dallery, J1
Louis, L1
Shishani, K1
Howell, D1
McPherson, S1
Roll, J1
Lemieux, A2
Nakajima, M2
Rohsenow, DJ3
Kahler, CW1
Martin, RA1
Sirota, AD2
Lawn, W1
Freeman, TP1
Hindocha, C1
Mokrysz, C1
Das, RK1
Morgan, CJ1
Curran, HV1
Allen, S1
Walele, T1
Sharma, G1
Savioz, R1
Martin, C1
Williams, J1
Baker, TB4
Piper, ME1
Stein, JH1
Smith, SS3
Bolt, DM1
Fraser, DL1
Fiore, MC3
Lopez, AA1
Hiler, M1
Maloney, S1
Eissenberg, T6
Breland, AB3
Irons, JG1
Correia, CJ1
Hendricks, PS2
Prochaska, JJ1
Humfleet, GL1
Hall, SM1
Rubinstein, ML1
Auerback, GM1
Moscicki, AB1
Killen, JD3
Fortmann, SP2
Schatzberg, AF2
Arredondo, C1
Murphy, G1
Hayward, C2
Celio, M1
Cromp, D1
Fong, D2
Pandurangi, M1
Knackstedt, LA1
LaRowe, S1
Mardikian, P1
Malcolm, R1
Upadhyaya, H1
Hedden, S1
Markou, A1
Kalivas, PW1
Perkins, KA1
Briski, J1
Fonte, C1
Scott, J1
Lerman, C1
Cobb, CO2
Weaver, MF2
Jones, M1
Gloria, R1
Angelos, L1
Schaefer, HS1
Davis, JM1
Majeskie, M1
Richmond, BS1
Curtin, JJ1
Davidson, RJ1
Khazaal, Y1
Zullino, DF1
Marshall, EC1
Johnson, K1
Bergman, J1
Gibson, LE1
Zvolensky, MJ1
Bailey, SR1
Goedeker, KC1
Tiffany, ST2
Allen, AM1
Lunos, S1
Pomerleau, CS1
Barrett, SP1
Sood, A1
Ebbert, JO1
Prasad, K1
Croghan, IT3
Bauer, B1
Schroeder, DR1
Vansickel, AR1
Eissenberg, TE1
Murphy, GM1
Lowenthal, K1
Bryson, SW1
Killen, DT1
Gonzales, D1
Jorenby, DE3
Brandon, TH2
Arteaga, C1
Lee, TC1
Kotlyar, M1
Hertsgaard, LA1
Lindgren, BR1
Stepanov, I1
Kaplan, GB2
Swift, RM2
Reid, N1
Faseru, B1
Choi, WS1
Krebill, R1
Mayo, MS1
Nollen, NL1
Okuyemi, KS1
Ahluwalia, JS1
Cox, LS1
Dorner, TE1
Tröstl, A1
Womastek, I1
Groman, E1
Tønnesen, P2
Lauri, H1
Perfekt, R1
Mann, K1
Batra, A1
Sofuoglu, M1
Herman, AI1
Nadim, H1
Jatlow, P1
Leung, L1
Neufeld, T1
Marin, S1
Gutzeit, A1
Froehlich, JM1
Hergan, K1
Graf, N1
Binkert, CA1
Meier, D1
Brügger, M1
Reischauer, C1
Sutter, R1
Herdener, M1
Schubert, T1
Kos, S1
Grosshans, M1
Straka, M1
Mutschler, J1
O'Neill, SC1
Higgins, ST2
Teneggi, V1
Squassante, L1
Milleri, S1
Ziviani, L1
Bye, A1
Evans, SE1
Buchhalter, AR2
Cárdenas, L1
Busto, UE1
MacDonald, A1
Corrigall, WA1
Haustein, KO1
Krause, J1
Haustein, H1
Rasmussen, T1
Cort, N1
Heil, SH1
Holmes, HW1
Badger, GJ1
Cooney, JL1
Cooney, NL1
Pilkey, DT1
Kranzler, HR1
Oncken, CA1
Mendelson, JH1
Sholar, MB1
Mutschler, NH1
Jaszyna-Gasior, M1
Goletiani, NV1
Siegel, AJ1
Mello, NK1
Rose, JE6
Behm, FM5
Westman, EC3
Bates, JE1
Salley, A1
Davis, GL2
Wittmers, LE1
Keely, JP1
Pisinger, C1
Hvidberg, S1
Wennike, P1
Bremann, L1
Westin, A2
Thomsen, C1
Nilsson, F1
Ludvig, J1
Miner, B1
Eisenberg, MJ1
Sitkauskiene, B1
Stravinskaite, K1
Sakalauskas, R1
Dicpinigaitis, PV1
Kleykamp, BA1
Monti, PM1
Hutchison, KE2
MacKinnon, SV1
Kozink, RV1
Daniel, JZ1
Cropley, M1
Fife-Schaw, C1
West, RJ3
Russell, MA3
Jarvis, MJ1
Feyerabend, C1
Pearce, AC1
Jones, RM1
Hurt, RD3
Offord, KP2
Hays, JT1
Lewis, SF1
Gross, TM1
Jarvik, ME2
Rosenblatt, MR1
Hasenfratz, M1
Bättig, K2
Richmond, RL1
Harris, K1
de Almeida Neto, A1
Levin, ED4
Stein, RM2
Ripka, GV1
Carnahan, E1
Sanchez, M1
Herman, S1
Dale, LC1
Fredrickson, PA1
Caldwell, CC1
Lee, GA1
Lauger, GG1
Marŭsić, Z1
Neese, LW1
Lundberg, TG1
Kenford, SL1
Wetter, DW1
Schur, C1
Tashkin, DP1
Schuh, KJ1
Stitzer, ML2
Griffiths, RR1
Pickworth, WB1
Fant, RV1
Butschky, MF1
Goffman, AL1
Henningfield, JE2
Leischow, SJ1
Valente, SN1
Hill, AL1
Otte, PS1
Aickin, M1
Holden, T1
Kligman, E1
Cook, G1
Fagerström, KO1
Tejding, R1
Lunell, E1
Mueller, V1
Mucha, RF1
Pauli, P1
Spiga, R1
Schmitz, J1
Day, J1
Croghan, GA1
Beede, SD1
Wolter, TD1
Patten, CA1
Snively, TA1
Ahijevych, KL1
Bernhard, LA1
Wewers, ME1
Galvin, K1
Webb, C1
Hillier, V1
Ammerman, S1
Rojas, N1
Varady, J1
Haydel, F1
Robinson, TN1
Anton, D1
Keenan, R1
Callies, A1
Cherek, DR1
Bennett, RH1
Grabowski, J1
Ehrsam, RE1
Bühler, A1
Müller, P2
Mauli, D1
Schumacher, PM1
Howald, H1
Imhof, PR2
McGovern, PG1
Lando, HA1
West, R1
Hack, S1
Snyder, FR1
Shiffman, S1
Abelin, T1
Buehler, A1
Vesanen, K1
Lam, W1
Sze, PC1
Sacks, HS1
Chalmers, TC1
Chait, LD1
Fischman, MW1
Schuster, CR1
Nil, R1
Woodson, PP1

Clinical Trials (27)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Does Abstinence From E-cigarettes Produce Withdrawal Symptoms?[NCT02825459]147 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-07-31Completed
Project 2: Strategies for Reducing Nicotine Content in Cigarettes[NCT02139930]1,250 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2014-09-30Completed
UW Quitting Using Intensive Treatment Study[NCT03176784]Phase 41,251 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-11-11Completed
A Comparative Effectiveness & Long Term Health Study in Wisconsin Smokers[NCT01553084]Phase 41,086 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-05-31Completed
Behavioral Maintenance Treatment for Smoking Cessation[NCT00110825]304 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-02-29Completed
Behavioral Maintenance Treatment for Smoking Cessation[NCT01615770]304 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-02-29Completed
Imaging Framework for Testing GABAergic/Glutamatergic Drugs in Bipolar Alcoholics[NCT03220776]Phase 254 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-08-07Completed
Effectiveness of N-Acetylcysteine in Motivational Enhancement Therapy for Nicotine Addiction: Study on the Dopaminergic Pathways, Changes in Functional Connectivity of fMRI Bold, and Changes in Smoking Abstinence[NCT05903014]Phase 488 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-01-01Recruiting
Evaluating the Acute Effects of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Devices Marketed to Smokers.[NCT00932295]Phase 1/Phase 232 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-02-28Completed
Project 1, Study 1: Investigating the Impact of Nicotine Using Spectrum Cigarettes[NCT01681875]839 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-06-30Completed
St. John's Wort for Tobacco Cessation[NCT00405912]Phase 2118 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-09-30Completed
Selegiline Patch for Treatment of Nicotine Dependence[NCT01330030]Phase 2243 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-07-31Completed
A Twelve-Week, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Multicenter Study With Follow-up Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Varenicline Tartrate ( CP-526,555) in Comparison to Zyban for Smoking Cessation[NCT00143364]Phase 31,005 participants Interventional2003-06-30Completed
A Twelve-Week, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Multicenter Study With Follow-up Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Varenicline Tartrate ( CP-526,555) in Comparison to Zyban for Smoking Cessation[NCT00141206]Phase 31,005 participants Interventional2003-05-31Completed
Comparing the Health Effects of Smokeless Tobacco, Cigarette Smoking, and New Tobacco Products Advertised as Safer Alternatives Part of Tobacco Exposure Reduction[NCT00469079]Phase 2130 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-01-31Completed
Incentives Plus Bupropion for Smoking in Schizophrenics[NCT00136760]Phase 257 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-09-30Completed
Evaluation of Aging, Autonomic Nervous System Activity and Cardiovascular Events on a Prospective Cohort of Subjects Aged 65 Years[NCT00759304]1,011 participants (Actual)Observational2000-01-02Active, not recruiting
Autonomic Nervous System Activity, Aging and Sleep Apnea/Hypopnea in a Prospective Cohort of Subjects Aged 67 Years[NCT00766584]852 participants (Actual)Observational2003-01-15Active, not recruiting
Effect of Self-administered Auricular Acupressure on Smoking Cessation-a Pilot Study[NCT01389622]Phase 260 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2011-07-31Recruiting
Enhancing Smoking Cessation in the Homeless Population[NCT01932996]Phase 4352 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-01-31Completed
Phase 4 Study to Compare of the Effects of the Electronic Cigarette and Nicotine Inhalator on Tobacco Withdrawal Symptoms Over 24 Hours of Abstinence[NCT01454362]51 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-01-31Completed
The Interplay Between Addiction to Tobacco Smoking and Sleep Quality Among Healthy Adults[NCT04265339]150 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-10-15Recruiting
Brain Circuits in Schizophrenia and Smoking[NCT01369966]42 participants (Actual)Observational2011-05-16Completed
The Safety of Transdermal Nicotine Immediately Following an Acute Coronary Syndrome: The STADIA Pilot Study[NCT00990197]30 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2005-06-30Suspended (stopped due to Difficulties with enrollment.)
A Phase 2, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter, Dose-Ranging Study of 100 or 250 μg of TA-NIC to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of the Vaccine as an Aid to Smoking Cessation[NCT00633321]Phase 2522 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2007-05-31Completed
Efficacy and Cost of State Quitline Policies[NCT00366977]Phase 34,614 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-06-30Completed
An Innovative Digital Smoking Cessation Intervention for Low-Income Adults With Substance Use Disorder[NCT04419922]100 participants (Actual)Observational2020-04-02Active, not recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

23-Week Point-Prevalence Abstinence

Biochemically confirmed self-reported total abstinence from any cigarette use (even a single puff) for the seven days preceding the target follow-up day, confirmed with an exhaled carbon monoxide reading of less than or equal to 5 ppm. (NCT03176784)
Timeframe: Assessed 23 weeks after quit date

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Varenicline + Patch Standard Duration74
Varenicline Only Standard Duration66
Varenicline + Patch Extended Duration82
Varenicline Only Extended Duration70

23-Week Prolonged Abstinence

Biochemically confirmed self-reported total abstinence from any cigarette use (even a single puff) from week 2 post-quit through week 23 post-quit, confirmed with an exhaled carbon monoxide reading of less than or equal to 5 ppm. (NCT03176784)
Timeframe: Assessed 23 weeks after quit date

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Varenicline + Patch Standard Duration66
Varenicline Only Standard Duration72
Varenicline + Patch Extended Duration73
Varenicline Only Extended Duration65

52-Week Point-Prevalence Abstinence

Biochemically-confirmed self-reported total abstinence from any cigarette use (even a single puff) for the seven days preceding the target follow-up day, confirmed with an exhaled carbon monoxide reading of less than or equal to 5 ppm. (NCT03176784)
Timeframe: Assessed 52 weeks after quit date

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Varenicline + Patch Standard Duration74
Varenicline Only Standard Duration79
Varenicline + Patch Extended Duration78
Varenicline Only Extended Duration76

52-Week Prolonged Abstinence

Biochemically confirmed self-reported total abstinence from any cigarette use (even a single puff) from week 2 post-quit through week 52 post-quit, confirmed with an exhaled carbon monoxide reading of less than or equal to 5 ppm. (NCT03176784)
Timeframe: Assessed 52 weeks after quit date

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Varenicline + Patch Standard Duration47
Varenicline Only Standard Duration55
Varenicline + Patch Extended Duration57
Varenicline Only Extended Duration46

Biochemically-confirmed 7-Day Point-Prevalence Abstinence at 26 Weeks

Self-reported total abstinence from any tobacco use (even a single puff) for the seven days preceding the target follow-up day, confirmed with an exhaled carbon monoxide reading of <10 ppm.. (NCT01553084)
Timeframe: Assessed 26 weeks after the target quit day.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Effectiveness of Nicotine Patch Only63
Effectiveness of Combination NRT124
Effectiveness of Varenicline [Chantix]108

Number of Days to Relapse

The number of days to relapse is defined as the number of days from the target quit day until the first of seven consecutive days of smoking. (NCT01553084)
Timeframe: Assessed from the target quit day through 26 weeks.

InterventionDays (Mean)
Effectiveness of Nicotine Patch Only29.3
Effectiveness of Combination NRT37.4
Effectiveness of Varenicline [Chantix]31.7

Number of Participants With Initial Cessation in the First 7 Days Post-quit

Defined as at least 1 day of abstinence during the first 7 days after the target quit day. (NCT01553084)
Timeframe: Assessed for the first seven days after the target quit date.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Effectiveness of Nicotine Patch Only176
Effectiveness of Combination NRT339
Effectiveness of Varenicline [Chantix]289

The Effects of Quitting Smoking vs. Continued Smoking on Change in Carotid Intima-media Thickness (CIMT).

Change in carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) from Baseline to Year 3 as a function of smoking status (abstinent versus smoking) at Year 3. Change is calculated as Baseline CIMT score minus Year 3 CIMT score. CIMT score is thickness of the carotid intima-media in millimeters (mm). Lower CIMT values indicate a better outcome. (NCT01553084)
Timeframe: Assessed at Baseline and Year 3

Interventionmillimeters (mm) (Mean)
Abstinent at Year 3-0.0682
Smoking at Year 3-0.0620

Prefrontal GABA+ Concentrations

Concentrations of GABA+, referenced to unsuppressed water and corrected for within-voxel CSF proportion, in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex measured via Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (i.e., MEGA-PRESS). (NCT03220776)
Timeframe: Day 5 of each experimental condition

Interventionmmol/kg (Mean)
N-Acetylcysteine3.90
Gabapentin3.93
Placebo Oral Tablet3.73

Prefrontal Glx Concentrations

Concentrations of Glx (i.e., glutamate + glutamine), referenced to unsuppressed water and corrected for within-voxel CSF proportion, in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex measured via Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. (NCT03220776)
Timeframe: Day 5 of each experimental condition

Interventionmmol/kg (Mean)
N-Acetylcysteine21.59
Gabapentin21.69
Placebo Oral Tablet22.25

Biochemically Confirmed 7-day Point Prevalence Abstinence From Tobacco

"Point prevalence tobacco abstinence was adjudicated if the following conditions were met:(a) self-reported tobacco abstinence for the previous 7 days with a negative response to the question Have you used any type of tobacco,even a puff, in the past 7 days? and (b) Expired Carbon Monoxide equal or less then 8 parts per million." (NCT00405912)
Timeframe: 12 weeks following start of medication

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Placebo7
St. John's Wort - 900 mg /Day8
St. John's Wort - 1800 mg /Day6

Number of Subjects With Prolonged Abstinence From Tobacco

tobacco abstience during the 12-week course of SJW in two different oral doses of 300-mg three times a day or 600-mg three times a day compared to placebo at six months. (NCT00405912)
Timeframe: 24 weeks after the start of medication

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Placebo0
St. John's Wort - 900 mg /Day1
St. John's Wort - 1800 mg /Day2

Expired-air Carbon Monoxide Confirmed Smoking Abstinence

expired-air carbon monoxide confirmed smoking abstinence at 52 weeks (NCT01330030)
Timeframe: 52 weeks

Interventionparticipants not smoking (Number)
Drug Selegiline24
Matching Placebo25

Product Use at Week 4 of Intervention

Self-reported daily use of the assigned study product. Range of scores is from 0 to about 20. Higher scores do not represent either a better or a worse outcome. Higher number of product used per day may indicate higher abuse liability of the product but may lead to a greater suppression in usual brand cigarette smoking. Lower number of product use per day may indicate lower abuse liability but may lead to lower suppression of usual brand smoking. (NCT00469079)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

Interventionuses per day (Least Squares Mean)
Medicinal Nicotine7.27
Taboka5.27
Snus6.76

Abstinence From Tobacco at End of Treatment, 1 Week and 11 Weeks Post-intervention.

This study was not powered to detect differences in smoking cessation rates between groups; however, smoking status was collected at each visit to obtain preliminary data. Point prevalence (no smoking during the previous 7 days) cigarette abstinence rates were calculated at the end of treatment and at each of the 2 follow-up visits (week 1 and 11 post-intervention). Continuous abstinence rates were calculated for the 4 week period between the week 1 and week 4 visits. Abstinence at all visits was assessed by self-report (i.e., no cigarettes smoked) and confirmed by an exhaled CO of less than 8 ppm. At the follow-up visits, abstinence was also confirmed by both exhaled CO concentrations and urinary cotinine concentration (<35 ng/mL). (NCT00469079)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
End of intervention continuous abstinence1 week post-intervention point prevalence11 weeks post intervention point prevalence
Camel Snus222416
Medicinal Nicotine11159
Taboka172212

Product Effect on Craving and Nicotine Withdrawal Symptoms at 1 Week.

Changes in craving and withdrawal symptoms were assessed at the time of discontinuation of usual brand cigarettes (i.e., baseline compared to week 1). Assessments were made using the Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale, which measures abstinence effects from usual brand cigarettes. Total Score: Range of scores is from 0 to 28. All items with the exclusion of craving are summed. Craving Score: Range of score is from 0 to 4. A higher score would indicate more severe withdrawal. (NCT00469079)
Timeframe: Baseline and 1 week

,,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Craving ScoresNicotine Withdrawal Scores
Medicinal Nicotine2.558.15
Snus2.628.61
Taboka2.768.89

Toxicant Exposure by Products

Levels of carcinogen biomarkers (NNAL) reported as difference between baseline and week 4 scores. (NCT00469079)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

,,
Interventionng/ml (Geometric Mean)
CotinineTotal NNALTotal NNN
Medicinal Nicotine835.30.1570.010
Snus726.80.2960.026
Taboka782.10.2810.011

Cigarettes Smoked Per Day

(NCT00136760)
Timeframe: 3 weeks

Interventioncigarettes per day (Mean)
CM + BUP12.7
CM + PLA13.9
NR + BUP18.8
NR + PLA21.0

Urinary Cotinine

Urinary Cotinine levels at Week 4 (average of last 3 study visits) (NCT00136760)
Timeframe: 3 weeks

Interventionng/ml (Mean)
CM + BUP755
CM + PLA1102
NR + BUP1534
NR + PLA1408

CO-verified Smoking Status at 12 Weeks

Smoking status is verified by measuring the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) in expired air. Participants with a breath CO content less than or equal to 8 parts per million are characterized as abstinent from smoking for at least 7 days. (NCT01932996)
Timeframe: at weeks 12

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Integrated Intensive Smoking + Alcohol21.6
Usual Care14

CO-verified Smoking Status at 26 Weeks

Smoking status is verified by measuring the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) in expired air. Participants with a breath CO content less than or equal to 8 parts per million are characterized as abstinent from smoking for at least 7 days. (NCT01932996)
Timeframe: 7-day smoking abstinence at week 26 follow-up

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Integrated Intensive Smoking + Alcohol16.3
Usual Care12.6

Self-Reported Continuous Alcohol Abstinence for 30 Days

Participants will use a self-administered timeline-followback instrument, which asks them to retrospectively estimate their alcohol use in the 30 days prior to the report date. Outcome is reported as the mean number of continuous alcohol-free days over the past 30 day period. (NCT01932996)
Timeframe: at week 26

Interventiondays (Mean)
Integrated Intensive Smoking + Alcohol3.4
Usual Care3.9

Airway Sensations

Sensory effects: Measure of airway sensations (throat and chest). Mean enjoyment score (rating 0-4), higher the score indicating increased enjoyment. (NCT01454362)
Timeframe: 24 hours

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Electronic Cigarette1.65
Nicotine Inhalator0.51

Change in Salivary Cotinine Levels After 24-hour Use.

"Cotinine is a measure sensitive enough to detect effects of a switch to different nicotine products and salivary cotinine was shown to be dependent on nicotine mouth exposure.~The results show the mean change in salivary cotinine in each study arm (all study participants)." (NCT01454362)
Timeframe: 24 hours

Interventionng/ml (Mean)
Electronic Cigarette-66.32
Nicotine Inhalator-53.8

Comparison of E-C and Inhalator in Effects on Withdrawal Over 24 Hours of Use.

"Mood and Physical Symptoms Scale (MPSS): Measure of severity of urges to smoke and tobacco withdrawal symptoms.~A five-point scale is used to rate 'How much of the time have you felt the urge to smoke in the past week?' ((1) 'not at all' to (5) 'almost all of the time') and 'How strong have the urges been?' ('no urges' to 'very strong'). Clients also rate depression, irritability, restlessness, hunger, poor concentration, poor sleep at night, and anxiety during the past week ((1)=not at all to (5)=extremely). The combined score to questions on depression, irritability, restlessness, hunger, and poor concentration are averaged to give the MPSS score. A higher score means a more severe rating of withdrawal.~The primary outcome is a change in MPSS score between baseline and 24 hours (value at 24 hours minus value at baseline). Therefore, a smaller change in MPSS score represents a smaller increase in tobacco withdrawal symptoms." (NCT01454362)
Timeframe: 24 hours

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Electronic Cigarette0.73
Nicotine Inhalator0.86

Product Satisfaction

Product satisfaction: Ratings of product satisfaction (when compared to cigarettes). Rating 0-4, with higher value indicating higher satisfaction ratings. (NCT01454362)
Timeframe: 24 hours

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Electronic Cigarette1.18
Nicotine Inhalator0.59

Reinforcing Effects of Smoking

Modified Cigarette Evaluation Questionnaire (mCEQ): Measure of reinforcing effects of smoking (pleasant feeling). Mean pleasant feeling from using product (rating 0-4). Higher value indicating the higher rating of pleasure. (NCT01454362)
Timeframe: 24 hours

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Electronic Cigarette2
Nicotine Inhalator0.67

Reviews

1 review available for carbon monoxide and Substance Withdrawal Syndrome

ArticleYear
Smoking cessation in patients with coronary artery disease.
    American heart journal, 2005, Volume: 149, Issue:4

    Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Atherosclerosis; Behavi

2005

Trials

71 trials available for carbon monoxide and Substance Withdrawal Syndrome

ArticleYear
Withdrawal Symptoms From E-Cigarette Abstinence Among Adult Never-Smokers: A Pilot Experimental Study.
    Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2020, 04-21, Volume: 22, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Behavior, Addictive; Carbon Monoxide; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Health Be

2020
Adolescent smokers' response to reducing the nicotine content of cigarettes: Acute effects on withdrawal symptoms and subjective evaluations.
    Drug and alcohol dependence, 2018, 07-01, Volume: 188

    Topics: Adolescent; Affect; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Craving; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female

2018
Effects of nicotine deprivation on current pain intensity among daily cigarette smokers.
    Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology, 2018, Volume: 26, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Chronic Pain; Cigarette Smoking; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Ma

2018
Effect of Immediate vs Gradual Reduction in Nicotine Content of Cigarettes on Biomarkers of Smoke Exposure: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
    JAMA, 2018, 09-04, Volume: 320, Issue:9

    Topics: Acetylcysteine; Adult; Area Under Curve; Biomarkers; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Creatinine; Doub

2018
A Pilot Study of E-Cigarette Naïve Cigarette Smokers and the Effects on Craving After Acute Exposure to E-Cigarettes in the Laboratory.
    The American journal on addictions, 2019, Volume: 28, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Cigarette Smoking; Craving; Double-Blind Method; Electronic Nicotine Deliver

2019
Withdrawal Symptoms From E-Cigarette Abstinence Among Former Smokers: A Pre-Post Clinical Trial.
    Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2020, 04-21, Volume: 22, Issue:5

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Carbon Monoxide; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Health Behav

2020
Intolerance for withdrawal discomfort and motivation predict voucher-based smoking treatment outcomes for smokers with substance use disorders.
    Addictive behaviors, 2015, Volume: 43

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Counseling; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Motivation; Patie

2015
A randomised, crossover study on an electronic vapour product, a nicotine inhalator and a conventional cigarette. Part B: Safety and subjective effects.
    Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP, 2016, Volume: 74

    Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adult; Aged; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Consumer Product Safety; Cro

2016
Effects of Nicotine Patch vs Varenicline vs Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy on Smoking Cessation at 26 Weeks: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
    JAMA, 2016, Jan-26, Volume: 315, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Counseling; Female; Humans; Intention to Treat Analysis; Male; Medication Ad

2016
Effects of Nicotine Patch vs Varenicline vs Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy on Smoking Cessation at 26 Weeks: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
    JAMA, 2016, Jan-26, Volume: 315, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Counseling; Female; Humans; Intention to Treat Analysis; Male; Medication Ad

2016
Effects of Nicotine Patch vs Varenicline vs Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy on Smoking Cessation at 26 Weeks: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
    JAMA, 2016, Jan-26, Volume: 315, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Counseling; Female; Humans; Intention to Treat Analysis; Male; Medication Ad

2016
Effects of Nicotine Patch vs Varenicline vs Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy on Smoking Cessation at 26 Weeks: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
    JAMA, 2016, Jan-26, Volume: 315, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Counseling; Female; Humans; Intention to Treat Analysis; Male; Medication Ad

2016
Extended cognitive behavior therapy for cigarette smoking cessation.
    Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2008, Volume: 103, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Bupropion; Carbon Monoxide; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Counseling; Dopamine Uptake Inhibit

2008
Extended cognitive behavior therapy for cigarette smoking cessation.
    Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2008, Volume: 103, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Bupropion; Carbon Monoxide; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Counseling; Dopamine Uptake Inhibit

2008
Extended cognitive behavior therapy for cigarette smoking cessation.
    Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2008, Volume: 103, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Bupropion; Carbon Monoxide; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Counseling; Dopamine Uptake Inhibit

2008
Extended cognitive behavior therapy for cigarette smoking cessation.
    Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2008, Volume: 103, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Bupropion; Carbon Monoxide; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Counseling; Dopamine Uptake Inhibit

2008
The role of cystine-glutamate exchange in nicotine dependence in rats and humans.
    Biological psychiatry, 2009, May-15, Volume: 65, Issue:10

    Topics: Acetylcysteine; Amino Acid Transport System y+; Amygdala; Animals; Brain; Carbon Monoxide; Excitator

2009
The role of cystine-glutamate exchange in nicotine dependence in rats and humans.
    Biological psychiatry, 2009, May-15, Volume: 65, Issue:10

    Topics: Acetylcysteine; Amino Acid Transport System y+; Amygdala; Animals; Brain; Carbon Monoxide; Excitator

2009
The role of cystine-glutamate exchange in nicotine dependence in rats and humans.
    Biological psychiatry, 2009, May-15, Volume: 65, Issue:10

    Topics: Acetylcysteine; Amino Acid Transport System y+; Amygdala; Animals; Brain; Carbon Monoxide; Excitator

2009
The role of cystine-glutamate exchange in nicotine dependence in rats and humans.
    Biological psychiatry, 2009, May-15, Volume: 65, Issue:10

    Topics: Acetylcysteine; Amino Acid Transport System y+; Amygdala; Animals; Brain; Carbon Monoxide; Excitator

2009
Severity of tobacco abstinence symptoms varies by time of day.
    Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2009, Volume: 11, Issue:1

    Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, D

2009
Evaluating the acute effects of oral, non-combustible potential reduced exposure products marketed to smokers.
    Tobacco control, 2010, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Marketin

2010
Prolonged exposure to denicotinized cigarettes with or without transdermal nicotine.
    Drug and alcohol dependence, 2009, Sep-01, Volume: 104, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Aged; Carbon Monoxide; Double-Blind Method; Ex

2009
The impact of cigarette deprivation and cigarette availability on cue-reactivity in smokers.
    Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2010, Volume: 105, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Behavior, Addictive; Carbon Monoxide; Conditioning, Psychological; Cues;

2010
Severity of withdrawal symptomatology in follicular versus luteal quitters: The combined effects of menstrual phase and withdrawal on smoking cessation outcome.
    Addictive behaviors, 2010, Volume: 35, Issue:6

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biomarkers; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Follicular Phase; Humans; Luteal P

2010
The effects of nicotine, denicotinized tobacco, and nicotine-containing tobacco on cigarette craving, withdrawal, and self-administration in male and female smokers.
    Behavioural pharmacology, 2010, Volume: 21, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Behavior, Addictive; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male

2010
A randomized clinical trial of St. John's wort for smoking cessation.
    Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.), 2010, Volume: 16, Issue:7

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Carbon Monoxide; Female; Flowers; Humans; Hypericum; Intention to Treat Ana

2010
Failure to improve cigarette smoking abstinence with transdermal selegiline + cognitive behavior therapy.
    Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2010, Volume: 105, Issue:9

    Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Behavior Therapy; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide;

2010
Immediate versus delayed quitting and rates of relapse among smokers treated successfully with varenicline, bupropion SR or placebo.
    Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2010, Volume: 105, Issue:11

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Benzazepines; Breath Tests; Bupropion; Carbon Monoxide; Delayed-Action Prep

2010
Immediate versus delayed quitting and rates of relapse among smokers treated successfully with varenicline, bupropion SR or placebo.
    Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2010, Volume: 105, Issue:11

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Benzazepines; Breath Tests; Bupropion; Carbon Monoxide; Delayed-Action Prep

2010
Immediate versus delayed quitting and rates of relapse among smokers treated successfully with varenicline, bupropion SR or placebo.
    Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2010, Volume: 105, Issue:11

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Benzazepines; Breath Tests; Bupropion; Carbon Monoxide; Delayed-Action Prep

2010
Immediate versus delayed quitting and rates of relapse among smokers treated successfully with varenicline, bupropion SR or placebo.
    Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2010, Volume: 105, Issue:11

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Benzazepines; Breath Tests; Bupropion; Carbon Monoxide; Delayed-Action Prep

2010
Effect of oral snus and medicinal nicotine in smokers on toxicant exposure and withdrawal symptoms: a feasibility study.
    Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2011, Volume: 20, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Feasibility Studies; Humans; Middle Aged; Nicoti

2011
Effects of contingency management and bupropion on cigarette smoking in smokers with schizophrenia.
    Psychopharmacology, 2011, Volume: 217, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Behavior Therapy; Behavior, Addictive; Breath Tests; Bupropion; Carbon Monoxide; Combined Mod

2011
Efficacy of a nicotine mouth spray in smoking cessation: a randomised, double-blind trial.
    The European respiratory journal, 2012, Volume: 40, Issue:3

    Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adult; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Counseling; Double-Blind Method; F

2012
Efficacy of a nicotine mouth spray in smoking cessation: a randomised, double-blind trial.
    The European respiratory journal, 2012, Volume: 40, Issue:3

    Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adult; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Counseling; Double-Blind Method; F

2012
Efficacy of a nicotine mouth spray in smoking cessation: a randomised, double-blind trial.
    The European respiratory journal, 2012, Volume: 40, Issue:3

    Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adult; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Counseling; Double-Blind Method; F

2012
Efficacy of a nicotine mouth spray in smoking cessation: a randomised, double-blind trial.
    The European respiratory journal, 2012, Volume: 40, Issue:3

    Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adult; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Counseling; Double-Blind Method; F

2012
Rapid nicotine clearance is associated with greater reward and heart rate increases from intravenous nicotine.
    Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2012, Volume: 37, Issue:6

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Carbon Monoxide; Chi-Square Distribution; Chromatography, H

2012
Effect of self-administered auricular acupressure on smoking cessation--a pilot study.
    BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 2012, Feb-28, Volume: 12

    Topics: Acupressure; Acupuncture Points; Acupuncture, Ear; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Carbon Monoxide; Ear; Ev

2012
Insula-specific H magnetic resonance spectroscopy reactions in heavy smokers under acute nicotine withdrawal and after oral nicotine substitution.
    European addiction research, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:4

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Behavior, Addictive; Carbon Monoxide; Case-Control Studies; Cerebral Co

2013
Contingent monetary reinforcement of smoking reductions, with and without transdermal nicotine, in outpatients with schizophrenia.
    Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology, 2002, Volume: 10, Issue:3

    Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Mot

2002
Smokers deprived of cigarettes for 72 h: effect of nicotine patches on craving and withdrawal.
    Psychopharmacology, 2002, Volume: 164, Issue:2

    Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Blood Pressure; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Cross-Over Studies; Dou

2002
Nicotine patches and the subjective effects of cigarette smoking: a pilot study.
    The Canadian journal of clinical pharmacology = Journal canadien de pharmacologie clinique, 2002,Winter, Volume: 9, Issue:4

    Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Blood Pressure; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Double-Blind Method; Fe

2002
Comparison of the effects of combined nicotine replacement therapy vs. cigarette smoking in males.
    Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2003, Volume: 5, Issue:2

    Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous; Carbon Monoxide; Cardiovascu

2003
A contingent payment model of smoking cessation: effects on abstinence and withdrawal.
    Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2003, Volume: 5, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; S

2003
Effects of intravenous cocaine and cigarette smoking on luteinizing hormone, testosterone, and prolactin in men.
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 2003, Volume: 307, Issue:1

    Topics: Carbon Monoxide; Cocaine; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Humans; Luteinizing

2003
Pharmacologic and sensorimotor components of satiation in cigarette smoking.
    Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 2003, Volume: 76, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Arousal; Carbon Monoxide; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Humans; Injections, Intrave

2003
The effect of a novel smoking system--Accord--on ongoing smoking and toxin exposure.
    Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2004, Volume: 6, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Smoking Cessation; Smoking Prevention; Subst

2004
Effects of smoking cessation and reduction in asthmatics.
    Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2005, Volume: 7, Issue:1

    Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adult; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Asthma; Carbon Monoxide; Chewing Gum; Chi-

2005
Attenuated adrenocorticotropic responses to psychological stress are associated with early smoking relapse.
    Psychopharmacology, 2005, Volume: 181, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Blood Pressure; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Female; Humans; H

2005
The early time course of smoking withdrawal effects.
    Psychopharmacology, 2006, Volume: 187, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Emotions; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Smoking Cessation;

2006
Changes in cough reflex sensitivity after cessation and resumption of cigarette smoking.
    Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2007, Volume: 20, Issue:3

    Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Oral; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Breath Tests; Caps

2007
High-dose transdermal nicotine and naltrexone: effects on nicotine withdrawal, urges, smoking, and effects of smoking.
    Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology, 2007, Volume: 15, Issue:1

    Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Oral; Adult; Blood Pressure; Breath Tests; Capsules; Carb

2007
DRD4 VNTR polymorphism is associated with transient fMRI-BOLD responses to smoking cues.
    Psychopharmacology, 2007, Volume: 194, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Cerebral Cortex; Cues; Female; Gene Frequency; Genotype; Gyrus Cinguli; Huma

2007
Acute exercise effects on smoking withdrawal symptoms and desire to smoke are not related to expectation.
    Psychopharmacology, 2007, Volume: 195, Issue:1

    Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Affect; Analysis of Variance; Aspirations, Psychological; Carbon M

2007
Does switching to an ultra-low nicotine cigarette induce nicotine withdrawal effects?
    Psychopharmacology, 1984, Volume: 84, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Smoking; Substance Withdrawal Sy

1984
Varying nicotine patch dose and type of smoking cessation counseling.
    JAMA, 1995, Nov-01, Volume: 274, Issue:17

    Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Carbon Monoxide; Combined Modality Therapy;

1995
Nicotine abstinence produces content-specific Stroop interference.
    Psychopharmacology, 1993, Volume: 110, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Color Perception Tests; Humans; Male; Mental Processes; Nicoti

1993
Psychophysiological interactions between smoking and stress coping?
    Psychopharmacology, 1993, Volume: 113, Issue:1

    Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Anxiety; Blood Pressure; Carbon Monoxide; Cardiac Output; Cardiogr

1993
The transdermal nicotine patch: results of a randomised placebo-controlled trial.
    The Medical journal of Australia, 1994, Jul-18, Volume: 161, Issue:2

    Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Age Factors; Attitude to Health; Behavior Therapy; Carbon Monoxide

1994
Mecamylamine combined with nicotine skin patch facilitates smoking cessation beyond nicotine patch treatment alone.
    Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 1994, Volume: 56, Issue:1

    Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Affect; Blood Pressure; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Double-Blin

1994
Nicotine skin patch treatment increases abstinence, decreases withdrawal symptoms, and attenuates rewarding effects of smoking.
    Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 1994, Volume: 14, Issue:1

    Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Arousal; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Double-Blind Method; Femal

1994
Nicotine patch therapy for smoking cessation combined with physician advice and nurse follow-up. One-year outcome and percentage of nicotine replacement.
    JAMA, 1994, Feb-23, Volume: 271, Issue:8

    Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Aged; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Counseling; Double-

1994
Two studies of the clinical effectiveness of the nicotine patch with different counseling treatments.
    Chest, 1994, Volume: 105, Issue:2

    Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Aged; Body Weight; Carbon Monoxide; Combined Modality Therapy; Cot

1994
Clinical evaluation of a citric acid inhaler for smoking cessation.
    Drug and alcohol dependence, 1993, Volume: 31, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Aerosols; Affect; Behavior Therapy; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Citrates; Citric Acid; Dou

1993
Desire to smoke during spaced smoking intervals.
    Psychopharmacology, 1995, Volume: 120, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotiana; Plants, Toxic; Sel

1995
Mecamylamine does not precipitate withdrawal in cigarette smokers.
    Psychopharmacology, 1996, Volume: 127, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Carbon Monoxide; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Mecamylamine; Middle Aged;

1996
Evaluation of cranial electrostimulation therapy on short-term smoking cessation.
    Biological psychiatry, 1997, Jul-15, Volume: 42, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Brain; Carbon Monoxide; Double-Blind Method; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Female; Humans; Ma

1997
Effects of nicotine dose and administration method on withdrawal symptoms and side effects during short-term smoking abstinence.
    Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology, 1997, Volume: 5, Issue:1

    Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Affect; Blood Pressure; Carbon Monoxide; Central Nervous System St

1997
Aiding reduction of smoking with nicotine replacement medications: hope for the recalcitrant smoker?
    Tobacco control, 1997,Winter, Volume: 6, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Nic

1997
Dependence on smoking and the acoustic startle response in healthy smokers.
    Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 1998, Volume: 59, Issue:4

    Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Electromyography; Emotions; Female; Heart Rate; Humans

1998
Effects of nicotine on methadone self-administration in humans.
    Drug and alcohol dependence, 1998, Apr-01, Volume: 50, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Behavior, Addictive; Carbon Monoxide; Drug Interactions; Female; Heroin

1998
Nicotine patch therapy in 101 adolescent smokers: efficacy, withdrawal symptom relief, and carbon monoxide and plasma cotinine levels.
    Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 2000, Volume: 154, Issue:1

    Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adolescent; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans;

2000
Smoking behavior, dysphoric states and the menstrual cycle: results from single smoking sessions and the natural environment.
    Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2000, Volume: 25, Issue:7

    Topics: Adult; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Depression; Female; Humans; Menstrual Cycle; Smoking; Smoking

2000
Preliminary evaluation of a novel smoking system: effects on subjective and physiological measures and on smoking behavior.
    Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2000, Volume: 2, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Carbon Monoxide; Equipment and Supplies; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine

2000
Assessing the impact of a nurse-led health education intervention for people with peripheral vascular disease who smoke: the use of physiological markers, nicotine dependence and withdrawal.
    International journal of nursing studies, 2001, Volume: 38, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Health Knowled

2001
Do adolescent smokers experience withdrawal effects when deprived of nicotine?
    Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology, 2001, Volume: 9, Issue:2

    Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Double-Blind Method; Female; Heart Ra

2001
Smokeless tobacco abstinence effects and nicotine gum dose.
    Psychopharmacology, 1992, Volume: 106, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Chewing Gum; Cotinine; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic;

1992
[Weaning of young smokers using a transdermal nicotine patch].
    Schweizerische Rundschau fur Medizin Praxis = Revue suisse de medecine Praxis, 1991, Feb-12, Volume: 80, Issue:7

    Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Nicoti

1991
Reduced nicotine exposure and abstinence outcome in two nicotine fading methods.
    Addictive behaviors, 1991, Volume: 16, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Adult; Behavior Therapy; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug;

1991
Effects of nicotine administration following 12 h of tobacco deprivation: assessment on computerized performance tasks.
    Psychopharmacology, 1989, Volume: 97, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Humans; Male; Memory; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Psychomotor Performance; Reacti

1989
Controlled trial of transdermal nicotine patch in tobacco withdrawal.
    Lancet (London, England), 1989, Jan-07, Volume: 1, Issue:8628

    Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Body Weight; Carbon Monoxide; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans;

1989
Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of nicotine chewing-gum.
    Lancet (London, England), 1987, Jul-04, Volume: 2, Issue:8549

    Topics: Carbon Monoxide; Chewing Gum; Clinical Trials as Topic; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Humans; Nicotin

1987
'Hangover' effects the morning after marijuana smoking.
    Drug and alcohol dependence, 1985, Volume: 15, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Affect; Arousal; Attention; Carbon Monoxide; Dronabinol; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Mental Rec

1985
Pre-abstinence smoke intake and smoking motivation as predictors of severity of cigarette withdrawal symptoms.
    Psychopharmacology, 1985, Volume: 87, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Female; Humans; Hunger; Male; Middle Aged; Motivation; N

1985

Other Studies

29 other studies available for carbon monoxide and Substance Withdrawal Syndrome

ArticleYear
[Health Effects Accompanying the Transition from Cigarettes to Heat-not-burn Tobacco: Nicotine Dependence, Nicotine Withdrawal Symptoms, and Changes in Smoking Behaviors].
    Nihon eiseigaku zasshi. Japanese journal of hygiene, 2018, Volume: 73, Issue:3

    Topics: Acetaldehyde; Adult; Ammonia; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Dust; Formaldehyde; Humans; M

2018
Investigating group contingencies to promote brief abstinence from cigarette smoking.
    Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology, 2013, Volume: 21, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotiana; Smoking; Social

2013
[Do patients increase smoking during alcohol withdrawal?].
    Revue de l'infirmiere, 2014, Issue:198

    Topics: Alcoholism; Carbon Monoxide; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Male; Smoking; Substance Withdrawal Sy

2014
Young adult waterpipe smokers: Smoking behaviors and associated subjective and physiological effects.
    Addictive behaviors, 2014, Volume: 39, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Affect; Blood Pressure; Carbon Monoxide; Dizziness; Fatigue; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Heart

2014
Peptide YY and ghrelin predict craving and risk for relapse in abstinent smokers.
    Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2014, Volume: 49

    Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Craving; Female; Ghrelin; Humans; Male; Peptide YY; Recurrence; Ri

2014
The effects of nicotine dependence and acute abstinence on the processing of drug and non-drug rewards.
    Psychopharmacology, 2015, Volume: 232, Issue:14

    Topics: Carbon Monoxide; Choice Behavior; Craving; Cross-Over Studies; Depression; Female; Humans; Male; Mot

2015
Changes in circulating leptin levels during the initial stage of cessation are associated with smoking relapse.
    Psychopharmacology, 2015, Volume: 232, Issue:18

    Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Craving; Female; Humans; Leptin; Male; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonist

2015
Expanding clinical laboratory tobacco product evaluation methods to loose-leaf tobacco vaporizers.
    Drug and alcohol dependence, 2016, Dec-01, Volume: 169

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Humans; Laboratori

2016
A brief abstinence test for college student smokers: a feasibility study.
    Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology, 2008, Volume: 16, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Feasibility Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; Smoking

2008
Evaluating the validities of different DSM-IV-based conceptual constructs of tobacco dependence.
    Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2008, Volume: 103, Issue:7

    Topics: Adult; Behavior, Addictive; California; Carbon Monoxide; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental

2008
Rate of nicotine metabolism and withdrawal symptoms in adolescent light smokers.
    Pediatrics, 2008, Volume: 122, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Air; Breath Tests; California; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gas

2008
An fMRI investigation of the impact of withdrawal on regional brain activity during nicotine anticipation.
    Psychophysiology, 2009, Volume: 46, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Brain; Carbon Monoxide; Cues; Female; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic R

2009
Topiramate for smoking cessation and the importance to distinguish withdrawal-motivated consumption and cue-triggered automatisms.
    Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 2009, Volume: 29, Issue:2

    Topics: Carbon Monoxide; Cues; Fructose; Humans; Neuroprotective Agents; Randomized Controlled Trials as Top

2009
Anxiety sensitivity and panic reactivity to bodily sensations: relation to quit-day (acute) nicotine withdrawal symptom severity among daily smokers making a self-guided quit attempt.
    Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology, 2009, Volume: 17, Issue:5

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anxiety; Carbon Monoxide; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders;

2009
A clinical laboratory model for evaluating the acute effects of electronic "cigarettes": nicotine delivery profile and cardiovascular and subjective effects.
    Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2010, Volume: 19, Issue:8

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Consumer Behavior; Electronics;

2010
Factors associated with smoking menthol cigarettes among treatment-seeking African American light smokers.
    Addictive behaviors, 2011, Volume: 36, Issue:12

    Topics: Age Factors; Black or African American; Carbon Monoxide; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Kansas

2011
Predictors of short-term success in smoking cessation in relation to attendance at a smoking cessation program.
    Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2011, Volume: 13, Issue:11

    Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Counseling; Depression; Female; Humans; Logistic

2011
Acute effects of Advance: a potential reduced exposure product for smokers.
    Tobacco control, 2002, Volume: 11, Issue:4

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Air Pollutants; Carbon Monoxide; Cross-Over Studies; Environmental Exposure; Fema

2002
Effects of nicotine deprivation on urges to drink and smoke in alcoholic smokers.
    Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2003, Volume: 98, Issue:7

    Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Cues; Female; Humans; Imagery, Psychothe

2003
Prospective examination of effects of smoking abstinence on cortisol and withdrawal symptoms as predictors of early smoking relapse.
    Drug and alcohol dependence, 2004, Mar-08, Volume: 73, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Aged; Area Under Curve; Carbon Monoxide; Circadian Rhythm; Cotinine; Fema

2004
Clinical laboratory evaluation of potential reduced exposure products for smokers.
    Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2006, Volume: 8, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Carbon Monoxide; Carcinogens; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicoti

2006
Smoking and anesthesia: preoperative abstinence and perioperative morbidity.
    Anesthesiology, 1984, Volume: 61, Issue:5

    Topics: Analgesics; Anesthesia; Carbon Monoxide; Carboxyhemoglobin; Cardiovascular System; Hemostasis; Human

1984
Role of nicotine dose and sensory cues in the regulation of smoke intake.
    Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 1993, Volume: 44, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Aerosols; Affect; Arousal; Carbon Monoxide; Cues; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Respira

1993
Biological influences on cigarette smoking.
    NIDA research monograph, 1979, Issue:26

    Topics: Animals; Brain; Carbon Monoxide; Drug Tolerance; Hemodynamics; Humans; Neurotransmitter Agents; Nico

1979
Human aggressive responding during acute tobacco abstinence: effects of nicotine and placebo gum.
    Psychopharmacology, 1991, Volume: 104, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Aggression; Carbon Monoxide; Chewing Gum; Conditioning, Operant; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Plac

1991
Effect of cigarettes on memory search and subjective ratings.
    Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 1991, Volume: 38, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Female; Humans; Male; Memory; Nicotine; Psychomotor Performance; Smoking; Su

1991
Tobacco "chippers"--individual differences in tobacco dependence.
    Psychopharmacology, 1989, Volume: 97, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Drug Tolerance; Emotions; Family; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Individualit

1989
Cardiovascular and subjective effects of smoking before and after 24 h of abstinence from cigarettes.
    Psychopharmacology, 1987, Volume: 92, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Body Temperature; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Female; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Humans; Ma

1987
Effects of smoking deprivation on smoking behavior and heart rate response in high and low CO absorbing smokers.
    Psychopharmacology, 1987, Volume: 92, Issue:4

    Topics: Absorption; Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Heart Rate; Humans; Nicotine; Smoking; Substance Withdrawal Synd

1987