carbamix and Dermatitis--Allergic-Contact

Allergens responsible for allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) differ between populations. They can even change over the years with the effect of environmental factors.. To evaluate the results of patch testing performed in our center.. In this study, the thin-layer rapid-use epicutaneous (T.R.U.E.) test results of patients with a diagnosis of ACD between 2012 and 2022 were retrospectively evaluated.. In 431 (42.5%) of the total 1012 patients, a positive reaction to at least one allergen was detected in the patch test. Allergen positivity was most detected for nickel sulphate (16.8%), gold sodium thiosulfate (GST) (6.9%), thimerosal (4.2%), fragrance mix (3.4%), carba mix (3.2%), and cobalt dichloride (2.9%). Nickel sulfate and GST sensitivity was found to be significantly higher in women, fragrance mix sensitivity in men, thimerosal sensitivity in individuals aged under 40 years, colophony and balsam of Peru sensitivity in head and neck dermatitis, and carba mix and thiuram mix sensitivity in atopic individuals.. This study presents comprehensive data from Turkey concerning the sensitivity frequencies for allergens included in the T.R.U.E. test.

Topics: Aged; Allergens; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Humans; Male; Patch Tests; Retrospective Studies; Thimerosal; Turkey

The frequency of allergic contact dermatitis has significantly increased in healthcare workers since the transition from latex to synthetic rubber gloves, with 1,3-diphenylguanidine being identified as the most frequently implicated allergen.. To highlight the role of 1,3-diphenylguanidine as the culprit allergen in contact allergies to synthetic rubber gloves, to propose recommendations for patch testing, and to discuss alternatives for sensitized subjects.. Patch test data from healthcare workers who developed hand dermatitis after wearing rubber gloves and who reacted positively to glove samples and rubber additives were collected from September 2010 to December 2017 in a Belgian hospital.. A total of 44 caregivers were included in this study. Patch tests showed that: (a) 84% of the study population reacted positively to carba mix; (b) 86% reacted positively to 1,3-diphenylguanidine; and (c) 13 (30%) reacted positively to thiuram mix. Half of the subjects reacted positively to gloves containing 1,3-diphenylguanidine, whereas none reacted to accelerator-free gloves.. The most commonly identified allergen was 1,3-diphenylguanidine, far ahead of thiurams, which were previously described as the most sensitizing accelerators. The use of 1,3-diphenylguanidine-free gloves is recommended. No subject reacted to gloves without accelerators, thus confirming their efficiency among accelerator-sensitized patients. We recommend that 1,3-diphenylguanidine be added to the European baseline series.

Topics: Adult; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dermatitis, Occupational; Ditiocarb; Elastomers; Female; Gloves, Surgical; Guanidines; Hand Dermatoses; Health Care Sector; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Patch Tests; Thiram; Young Adult

Topics: Allergens; Denmark; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Ditiocarb; Guanidines; Humans; Patch Tests; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies

Natural and synthetic rubbers containing rubber accelerators are well-known causes of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Latex contact urticaria (CU) has been widely reported, especially when powdered latex glove use was commonplace. Consequently, interventions to reduce latex exposure by altering glove manufacture were introduced.. This study aimed to analyse trends in UK-reported incidence of occupational skin disease associated with rubber accelerators.. We analysed cases reported to EPIDERM (part of The Health and Occupation Research network) of occupational ACD caused by natural and synthetic rubber products, between 1996 and 2012.. For the studied period, a decreasing incidence of ACD associated with rubber products was found, with an average annual change of -1.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) -3.1 to 0.7]. The number of cases of latex CU (n = 580) significantly declined. The number of cases of ACD caused by mercapto mix and mercaptobenzothiazole (n = 177) and thiuram mix (n = 603) also declined. Reports of ACD associated with carba mix and its constituents (n = 219) increased significantly, by an average annual percentage of 10.1% (95%CI: 6.1-14.2). Twenty-six cases of ACD caused by rarer rubber compounds were identified, highlighting skin disease attributable to less widely recognized chemicals.. These data show a falling reported incidence of occupational ACD attributed to rubber chemicals, but within this a significant rise attributable to the constituents of the carba mix. Clinicians should recognize the changing diversity of chemicals used in rubber manufacturing, and consider including carba mix in their baseline series and testing beyond this in suspect cases to avoid false-negative results.

Topics: Benzothiazoles; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dermatitis, Occupational; Ditiocarb; Guanidines; Humans; Incidence; Latex Hypersensitivity; Phenylenediamines; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Thiram; United Kingdom

Allergic contact dermatitis caused by rubber allergens is common, and causes significant patient morbidity. Contemporary data are important to allow appropriate preventive measures and identification of contact allergy trends.. To describe the pattern of patch test reactivity to rubber allergens, including those in the European baseline series.. Data collected by the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies (ESSCA) network between 2009 and 2012 from 12 European countries were analysed.. Contact allergy to thiuram mix declined over the studied time period, with an overall prevalence of 1.87%. The prevalence of allergy to carba mix was 2.29%, and was significantly increasing. Prevalence rates of sensitization to other rubber allergens were largely unchanged. Statistical analysis with the MOAHLFA index confirmed the strong links between rubber allergy and occupational hand dermatitis.. Changing patterns of allergy to rubber additives have been identified. Inclusion of carba mix in the European baseline series may be appropriate.

Topics: Adult; Allergens; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dermatitis, Occupational; Ditiocarb; Europe; Female; Guanidines; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Latex Hypersensitivity; Male; Patch Tests; Population Surveillance; Prevalence; Rubber; Thiram

Relatively little is known about the epidemiology of allergic contact dermatitis in older individuals.. We sought to determine the frequency of positive and clinically relevant patch test reactions in older individuals (≥ 65 years old) referred for patch testing, and to compare these results with those of adults (≤ 64-19 years) and children (<18 years).. This was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of North American Contact Dermatitis Group data from 1994 to 2008.. A total of 31,942 patients (older n = 5306; adults n = 25,028; children n = 1608) were patch tested. The overall frequency of at least one allergic reaction in older individuals was 67.3% as compared with 66.9% for adults (P = .5938) and 47% for children (P = .0011). Reaction rates that were statistically higher in older individuals as compared with both adults and children included: Myroxylon pereirae, fragrance mix I, quaternium-15, formaldehyde, imidazolidinyl urea, diazolidinyl urea, neomycin, bacitracin, methyldibromo glutaronitrile, methyldibromo glutaronitrile/phenoxyethanol, ethyleneurea melamine formaldehyde mix, and carba mix (P values < .0004). Patch test reaction rates that were significantly lower in older individuals than both comparison groups included: nickel, thimerosal, and cobalt (P values < .0001).. Referral population was a limitation.. Older individuals were more likely to have at least one positive patch test reaction as compared with children, but had similar rates to adults. The frequency of positive reactions to specific allergens differed by age group, most likely as a result of exposures.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Allergens; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cobalt; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Ditiocarb; Guanidines; Humans; Methenamine; Middle Aged; Myroxylon; Nickel; Patch Tests; Preservatives, Pharmaceutical; Retrospective Studies; Thiram

Topics: Aged; Bandages; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Ditiocarb; Female; Guanidines; Humans; Leg Dermatoses; Male; Middle Aged; Patch Tests; Rubber; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Thiocarbamates; Thiram; Varicose Ulcer

From July 1996 through June 1998, the North American Contact Dermatitis Group evaluated 318 patients for suspected contact dermatitis by patch testing simultaneously with Finn Chambers and the T.R.U.E. Test allergen system. Discrepancies between the two systems were found in some of the results, particularly with fragrance and rubber allergens. These results suggest that positive reactions to fragrance, thiuram, and carba mix allergens may be missed if the T.R.U.E. Test is used alone.

Topics: Allergens; Balsams; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Ditiocarb; False Negative Reactions; Guanidines; Humans; Latex Hypersensitivity; Patch Tests; Perfume; Thiocarbamates; Thiram

Allergic reactions during or after dental examination are uncommon. However, such reactions may be serious and distressing. Allergy to local anaesthetics and dental materials may be considered, but reactions to rubber in gloves worn by the dentist should be remembered. Two patients are reported who experienced symptoms following contact with rubber gloves worn by their dentists, with skin tests subsequently showing an allergic reaction to glove constituents, and in one case latex. With the increasing use of rubber gloves by dental and medical personnel, reactions in sensitised patients are likely to become more common. In patients with a history of symptoms related to dental work, it is important to remember delayed and immediate reactions to rubber.

Topics: Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Ditiocarb; Gloves, Surgical; Guanidines; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Hypersensitivity, Immediate; Infection Control, Dental; Latex; Male; Middle Aged; Patch Tests; Thiocarbamates