carbadox and Dysentery

The sensitivity of 332 strains of Serpulina hyodysenteriae isolated in Hungary between 1978 and 1992 was tested against seven chemotherapeutic drugs frequently used for the treatment of swine dysentery, and the changes in the patterns of resistance were also monitored. All the strains remained sensitive to carbadox, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of only 0.05 to 0.40 microgram/ml at present. The susceptibility of the strains to dimetridazole has gradually decreased, but about half of the strains are still sensitive, with large numbers of "moderately sensitive' strains; the MIC values varied within wide limits (0.1 to 50 micrograms/ml). Most of the strains were resistant to tylosin, with MIC values from 0.1 to 100 micrograms/ml. The number of strains resistant to lincomycin has gradually increased, but about half of the strains remain sensitive; the MIC values ranged from 0.2 to 100 micrograms/ml. Recently, tiamulin has proved the most effective antibiotic, but some resistant strains have already emerged (MIC values 0.05 to 50 micrograms/ml). Monensin was good for the prevention of swine dysentery, but resistance may evolve quickly; the MIC values ranged from 0.4 to 25 micrograms/ml. For sedecamycin, the MIC values (6.25 to 100 micrograms/ml) were much higher than expected.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brachyspira hyodysenteriae; Carbadox; Dimetridazole; Diterpenes; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Dysentery; Hungary; Lincomycin; Macrolides; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Monensin; Spirochaetales Infections; Swine; Swine Diseases; Tylosin

The minimal inhibitory concentrations of carbadox, dimetridazole, lincomycin, ronidazole, and tiamulin against isolates of Treponema hyodysenteriae and Treponema innocens were determined by an agar-dilution method. The results obtained indicated that tiamulin was the most effective antimicrobial in vitro against T. hyodysenteriae, followed by carbadox. Dimetridazole, lincomycin, and ronidazole had poor efficacy in vitro against the T. hyodysenteriae isolates. Isolates of T. innocens were more sensitive to the various antimicrobials. Carbadox and tiamulin were the most effective in vitro, followed by ronidazole, dimetridazole, and lincomycin.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carbadox; Dimetridazole; Diterpenes; Dysentery; Lincomycin; Ronidazole; Swine; Swine Diseases; Treponema; Treponemal Infections

This study was conducted to evaluate hygromycin A fed to growing swine at 1, 5, 10 or 20 g/ton feed for the control of Treponema hyodysenteriae-caused dysentery. Pigs provided carbadox at 50 g/ton feed served as an infected treatment control group. All pigs were orally, via stomach intubation, administered 100 ml of a T. hyodysenteriae broth culture. During the in vivo test, rectal swabs were taken for T. hyodysenteriae isolation, body weights of all pigs and the feed consumption was determined. All pigs were euthanized and necropsied at study end; the large intestine was cultured for T. hyodysenteriae and gross intestinal lesions were noted. T. hyodysenteriae-caused swine dysentery was successfully controlled by feeding hygromycin A at 5 g/ton. Hygromycin A medicated pigs performed as well as or better than carbadox-medicated pigs.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Body Weight; Carbadox; Cinnamates; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Dysentery; Female; Hygromycin B; Male; Swine; Swine Diseases; Treponemal Infections

Swine dysentery did not recur during a nine week period after withdrawal of medication in swine fed ronidazole at a level of 60 parts per million of feed for ten weeks or fed either carbadox at 55 ppm or lincomycin at 110 ppm of feed for six weeks. During this period swine dysentery was neither transmitted to accompanying sentinels after the withdrawal of the above medication or was Treponema hyodysenteriae isolated and cultured or observed in stained smears from rectal swabs and feces or from colonic scrapings at necropsy. Beginning three weeks after the withdrawal of medication, all swine were fed sodium arsanilate at a concentration of 220 ppm of feed for three weeks in an attempt to excite the carrier of swine dysentery into developing a swine dysentery diarrhea. A swine dysentery diarrhea did recur during the feeding of sodium arsanilate in swine previously fed ronidazole at a level of 60 ppm of feed for only six weeks. It was concluded: that swine dysentery was probably eliminated with the feeding of ronidazole for the longer duration and with the feeding of carbadox and lincomycin and that sodium arsanilate was of value in identifying the carrier state.

Topics: Animals; Arsanilic Acid; Arsenicals; Carbadox; Carrier State; Dysentery; Lincomycin; Nitroimidazoles; Quinoxalines; Ronidazole; Swine; Swine Diseases; Treponemal Infections

The 21 field isolates of Treponema hyodysenteriae which were tested were sensitive to 3-acetyl-4''-isovaleryl tylosin (AIV); the minimal inhibitory concentration was 0.25 to 16 micrograms/ml. 3-Acetyl-4''-isovaleryl tylosin administered prophylactically to pigs at concentrations of 5 to 100 mg/kg of feed and tylosin at 110 mg/kg of feed for 28 or 31 days prevented swine dysentery induced by tylosin-sensitive T hyodysenteriae strain SQ2; 15 nonmedicated, inoculated control pigs had bloody diarrhea, and 9 pigs died. In 2 additional trials, AIV administered prophylactically for 28 days at 55 or 110 mg/kg of feed prevented swine dysentery induced by tylosin-insensitive T hyodysenteriae strain B204. All of the inoculated principal pigs medicated with AIV at 55 or 110 mg/kg of feed or carbadox at 55 mg/kg of feed and the noninoculated sentinel pigs for each group had solid feces throughout the 56-day trial. In the nonmedicated, inoculated control groups, bloody diarrhea began at 4 to 5 days after inoculation was done, and 9 of 10 principal pigs and 6 of 9 sentinel pigs had dysentery; 2 pigs died. In the groups medicated with AIV at 27.5 or 5.5 mg/kg of feed, all 5 principal pigs and 3 or 4 sentinel pigs in each group had dysentery; 3 or 4 pigs in each group died. In the group medicated with tylosin at 110 mg/kg of feed, 7 of 10 principal pigs and all 9 sentinel pigs had dysentery; 1 pig died.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Animals; Carbadox; Dysentery; Leucomycins; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Swine; Swine Diseases; Treponema; Treponemal Infections; Tylosin

A swine dysentery (SD) model that produces consistent, homogeneous, and severe SD was used in 2 experiments to compare the prophylactic effectiveness of 5 commercially available swine feed additive products. Under the conditions of these studies, carbadox and carbadox + sulfamethazine proved to be the most effective agents in preventing SD during the infection + medication and postmedication periods. Olaquindox was effective in preventing SD in the infection + medication period; however, SD recurrence was high during the postmedication period. Nithiamide and chlortetracycline + sulfamethazine + penicillin were least effective in preventing SD during the infection + medication and postmedication periods.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Carbadox; Chlortetracycline; Cyclic N-Oxides; Drug Evaluation; Dysentery; Penicillins; Quinoxalines; Sulfamethazine; Swine; Swine Diseases; Thiazoles

Topics: Animals; Carbadox; Dysentery; Lincomycin; Quinoxalines; Swine; Swine Diseases

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Carbadox; Dysentery; Lincomycin; Quinoxalines; Swine; Swine Diseases

Topics: Animals; Carbadox; Carrier State; Dysentery; Lincomycin; Quinoxalines; Rectum; Swine; Swine Diseases; Treponema; Treponemal Infections

Topics: Animals; Carbadox; Dysentery; Quinoxalines; Swine; Swine Diseases; Treponema; Treponemal Infections

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carbadox; Cyclic N-Oxides; Dysentery; Leucomycins; Quinoxalines; Swine; Swine Diseases; Treponema; Treponemal Infections; Virginiamycin

Topics: Animals; Carbadox; Dysentery; Quinoxalines; Swine; Swine Diseases; Treponemal Infections; Vibrio Infections