candicidin and Candidiasis

Topics: Amphotericin B; Animals; Antifungal Agents; Aspergillosis; Blastomycosis; Candicidin; Candidiasis; Coccidioidomycosis; Colistin; Cryptococcosis; Dermatomycoses; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Emetine; Flucytosine; Griseofulvin; Histoplasmosis; Humans; Imidazoles; Minocycline; Natamycin; Nystatin; Polyenes; Tolnaftate

Viability of 40 Candida spp. cultures was studied after long-term exposure to antifungal drugs in minimum inhibitory concentrations. The fungicidal effect decreased in the series: pimafucin-nitrofungin-diflucan-orungal-levorine-clotrimazole-exoderil. Nizoral in a concentration of 4 microg/ml was ineffective; in the rest cultures the effect was either fungistatic (of different degree) or null. Pimafucin, diflucan, nitrofungin, orungal, levorine, and exoderil possessed individual fungicidal effects.

Topics: Antifungal Agents; Candicidin; Candida; Candidiasis; Clotrimazole; Fluconazole; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nitrophenols

It was found that a resistant strain R2 of C. albicans obtained as a result of passages on media containing increasing concentrations of amphotericin B differed from the initial strain by its lower pathogenicity. Treatment of the infection caused by the resistant strain on modeling of candidiasis in mice was not successful. The decrease in the average life span of the mice infected with the resistant strain R2 and treated with amphotericin B was lower than that in the control animals and such indices of the disease as the levels of the kidney dissemination and the cell vegetation even increased under the effect of amphotericin B. The results of the study suggest that the resistant strain R2 of C. albicans depend on amphotericin B in the host. The data obtained emphasize the necessity of determinining the antibiotic sensitivity of C. albicans strains isolated from patients.

Topics: Amphotericin B; Animals; Antifungal Agents; Candicidin; Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Drug Evaluation; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Mice; Nystatin; Polyenes; Time Factors

Topics: Animals; Candicidin; Candidiasis; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Russia; Swine; Swine Diseases

The synergism of 5-FC with 4 polyene antibiotics, amphotericin B (amph. B), candicidin, trichomycin and nystatin were investigated in 3 in vitro models measuring the fungistatic and fungicidal activity as well as the development of resistant mutants. In these 3 models candicidin and trichomycin exerted a higher synergistic effect than amph. B or nystatin. In vivo (systemic treatment of septicemic candidiasis of the mouse) the combination of 5-FC with amph. B was, however, the most effective. Only with this combination a complete cure (culturally negative) was observed. For topical treatment of Candida vaginitis in rats, the combination of 5-FC with candicidin proved the most active. As far as the biochemical basis of synergism is concerned in Candida albicans in the presence of polyene antibiotics, the incorporation of fluorinated pyrimidines was increased and the reduction of uptake of histidine by 5-FC alone, significantly enhanced. These effects could not be observed in Cryptococcus neoformans. The release of amino acids, phosphate and potassium caused by polyenes was significantly more pronounced in cells pretreated with 5-FC. Thus, the interaction between 5-FC and the polyenes may, in fact be, mutual.

Topics: Amino Acids; Amphotericin B; Animals; Antifungal Agents; Candicidin; Candida; Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Cryptococcus neoformans; Cytosine; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Synergism; Female; Flucytosine; Mice; Nystatin; Pyrimidines; Rats; RNA; Yeasts

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Candicidin; Candidiasis; Nystatin; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Toxicology

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Antifungal Agents; Candicidin; Candidiasis; Disease; Female; Humans; Vagina; Vaginal Diseases; Vulva; Vulvar Diseases