candesartan and Ventricular Dysfunction, Left studies

candesartan: a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist
candesartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension.

Ventricular Dysfunction, Left: A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"The Effects of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers on Diastolic Function in Patients Suffering from Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: J-TASTE trial is a multicenter, randomized, open-labeled, and assessor(s)-blinded, active controlled using candesartan, parallel-group clinical trial, to compare changes in left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction between HFpEF patients with hypertension who have received candesartan or azilsartan for 48 weeks."	9.27	Rationale and Design of the Multicenter Trial on Japan Working Group on the Effects of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Selection (Azilsartan vs. Candesartan) on Diastolic Function in the Patients Suffering from Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction ( Abe, Y; Ajioka, M; Anzai, T; Aonuma, K; Asakura, M; Hamasaki, T; Hayashi, T; Hiramitsu, S; Kawai, H; Kimura, K; Kioka, H; Kitakaze, M; Lim, YJ; Matsuoka, K; Motoki, H; Nagata, Y; Nakamura, S; Ohte, N; Ozaki, Y; Sasaoka, T; Takahama, H; Tamaki, S, 2018)
"We investigated the change in weight over 6 months in 6933 patients in the Candesartan in Heart failure: Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) programme, and its association with subsequent mortality (1435 deaths) over a median 32."	9.13	Weight loss and mortality risk in patients with chronic heart failure in the candesartan in heart failure: assessment of reduction in mortality and morbidity (CHARM) programme. ( Anker, SD; Dobson, J; Granger, CB; McMurray, JJ; Michelson, EL; Ostergren, J; Pfeffer, MA; Pocock, SJ; Solomon, SD; Swedberg, KB; Yusuf, S, 2008)
"We assessed the risk of adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) in the Candesartan in Heart failure-Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) program, which enrolled patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and a broad range of ejection fractions (EFs)."	9.12	Atrial fibrillation and risk of clinical events in chronic heart failure with and without left ventricular systolic dysfunction: results from the Candesartan in Heart failure-Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) program. ( Ducharme, A; Granger, CB; McMurray, JJ; Michelson, EL; Olsson, LG; Pfeffer, MA; Puu, M; Swedberg, K; Yusuf, S, 2006)
"Candesartan reduced sudden death and death from worsening heart failure in patients with symptomatic heart failure, although this reduction was most apparent in patients with systolic dysfunction."	9.11	Effect of candesartan on cause-specific mortality in heart failure patients: the Candesartan in Heart failure Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) program. ( Finn, P; Granger, CB; McMurray, JJ; Michelson, EL; Pfeffer, MA; Pocock, S; Skali, H; Solomon, SD; Swedberg, K; Wang, D; Yusuf, S; Zornoff, L, 2004)
"Candesartan was generally well tolerated and reduced cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in patients with symptomatic chronic heart failure and intolerance to ACE inhibitors."	9.10	Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function intolerant to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Alternative trial. ( Granger, CB; Held, P; McMurray, JJ; Michelson, EL; Olofsson, B; Ostergren, J; Pfeffer, MA; Swedberg, K; Yusuf, S, 2003)
"We investigated the effects of candesartan (an angiotensin II antagonist) alone, enalapril alone, and their combination on exercise tolerance, ventricular function, quality of life (QOL), neurohormone levels, and tolerability in congestive heart failure (CHF)."	9.09	Comparison of candesartan, enalapril, and their combination in congestive heart failure: randomized evaluation of strategies for left ventricular dysfunction (RESOLVD) pilot study. The RESOLVD Pilot Study Investigators. ( Avezum, A; Burns, RJ; Latini, R; Maggioni, A; McKelvie, RS; Pericak, D; Pogue, J; Probstfield, J; Rouleau, J; Tsuyuki, RT; White, M; Young, J; Yusuf, S, 1999)
"We investigated the effects of the aldosterone blocker eplerenone alone and in combination with angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist on ventricular remodeling in rats with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction after extensive myocardial infarction (MI)."	8.82	Additive improvement of left ventricular remodeling by aldosterone receptor blockade with eplerenone and angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist in rats with myocardial infarction. ( Omura, T; Yoshikawa, J; Yoshiyama, M, 2004)
"The Candesartan in Heart failure Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) programme consisted of three parallel, randomized, double-blind clinical trials comparing candesartan with placebo in patients with heart failure (HF) categorized according to left ventricular ejection fraction and tolerability to an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor."	8.12	Pharmacogenomic study of heart failure and candesartan response from the CHARM programme. ( Asselin, G; Barhdadi, A; Carss, K; Chazara, O; Cunningham, JW; de Denus, S; Dubé, MP; Granger, CB; Haefliger, C; Lemaçon, A; Lemieux Perreault, LP; McMurray, JJV; Mongrain, I; Paul, DS; Provost, S; Rouleau, J; Solomon, SD; Tardif, JC; Wang, Q; Yusuf, S, 2022)
" Adverse events leading to drug discontinuation were more frequent in the candesartan group: placebo/candesartan risk (%), lowest compared with highest age category: hyperkalemia (0."	6.73	Benefits and safety of candesartan treatment in heart failure are independent of age: insights from the Candesartan in Heart failure--Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity programme. ( Cohen-Solal, A; Granger, CB; McMurray, JJ; Michelson, EL; Pfeffer, MA; Puu, M; Solomon, SD; Swedberg, K; Yusuf, S, 2008)
"The Effects of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers on Diastolic Function in Patients Suffering from Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: J-TASTE trial is a multicenter, randomized, open-labeled, and assessor(s)-blinded, active controlled using candesartan, parallel-group clinical trial, to compare changes in left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction between HFpEF patients with hypertension who have received candesartan or azilsartan for 48 weeks."	5.27	Rationale and Design of the Multicenter Trial on Japan Working Group on the Effects of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Selection (Azilsartan vs. Candesartan) on Diastolic Function in the Patients Suffering from Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction ( Abe, Y; Ajioka, M; Anzai, T; Aonuma, K; Asakura, M; Hamasaki, T; Hayashi, T; Hiramitsu, S; Kawai, H; Kimura, K; Kioka, H; Kitakaze, M; Lim, YJ; Matsuoka, K; Motoki, H; Nagata, Y; Nakamura, S; Ohte, N; Ozaki, Y; Sasaoka, T; Takahama, H; Tamaki, S, 2018)
"We investigated the change in weight over 6 months in 6933 patients in the Candesartan in Heart failure: Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) programme, and its association with subsequent mortality (1435 deaths) over a median 32."	5.13	Weight loss and mortality risk in patients with chronic heart failure in the candesartan in heart failure: assessment of reduction in mortality and morbidity (CHARM) programme. ( Anker, SD; Dobson, J; Granger, CB; McMurray, JJ; Michelson, EL; Ostergren, J; Pfeffer, MA; Pocock, SJ; Solomon, SD; Swedberg, KB; Yusuf, S, 2008)
"We assessed the risk of adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) in the Candesartan in Heart failure-Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) program, which enrolled patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and a broad range of ejection fractions (EFs)."	5.12	Atrial fibrillation and risk of clinical events in chronic heart failure with and without left ventricular systolic dysfunction: results from the Candesartan in Heart failure-Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) program. ( Ducharme, A; Granger, CB; McMurray, JJ; Michelson, EL; Olsson, LG; Pfeffer, MA; Puu, M; Swedberg, K; Yusuf, S, 2006)
"Candesartan reduced sudden death and death from worsening heart failure in patients with symptomatic heart failure, although this reduction was most apparent in patients with systolic dysfunction."	5.11	Effect of candesartan on cause-specific mortality in heart failure patients: the Candesartan in Heart failure Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) program. ( Finn, P; Granger, CB; McMurray, JJ; Michelson, EL; Pfeffer, MA; Pocock, S; Skali, H; Solomon, SD; Swedberg, K; Wang, D; Yusuf, S; Zornoff, L, 2004)
"We studied 7599 patients with a broad spectrum of symptomatic heart failure enrolled in the Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) Program."	5.11	Influence of ejection fraction on cardiovascular outcomes in a broad spectrum of heart failure patients. ( Anavekar, N; Granger, CB; McMurray, JJ; Michelson, EL; Pfeffer, MA; Pocock, S; Skali, H; Solomon, SD; Swedberg, K; Wang, D; Yusuf, S, 2005)
"Candesartan was generally well tolerated and reduced cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in patients with symptomatic chronic heart failure and intolerance to ACE inhibitors."	5.10	Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function intolerant to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Alternative trial. ( Granger, CB; Held, P; McMurray, JJ; Michelson, EL; Olofsson, B; Ostergren, J; Pfeffer, MA; Swedberg, K; Yusuf, S, 2003)
"In parallel, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trials, candesartan (titrated to 32 mg once daily) was compared to placebo in 3 distinct populations: 1) patients with symptomatic heart failure (SHF) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 40% or less who were not receiving an ACE inhibitor because of previous intolerance (CHARM-Alternative); 2) patients with SHF and LVEF 40% or less who were currently receiving an ACE inhibitor (CHARM-Added); 3) patients with SHF and LVEF higher than 40% (CHARM-Preserved)."	5.10	[Clinical study of the month. The CHARM study]. ( Kulbertus, H, 2003)
"We investigated the effects of candesartan (an angiotensin II antagonist) alone, enalapril alone, and their combination on exercise tolerance, ventricular function, quality of life (QOL), neurohormone levels, and tolerability in congestive heart failure (CHF)."	5.09	Comparison of candesartan, enalapril, and their combination in congestive heart failure: randomized evaluation of strategies for left ventricular dysfunction (RESOLVD) pilot study. The RESOLVD Pilot Study Investigators. ( Avezum, A; Burns, RJ; Latini, R; Maggioni, A; McKelvie, RS; Pericak, D; Pogue, J; Probstfield, J; Rouleau, J; Tsuyuki, RT; White, M; Young, J; Yusuf, S, 1999)
"We investigated the effects of the aldosterone blocker eplerenone alone and in combination with angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist on ventricular remodeling in rats with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction after extensive myocardial infarction (MI)."	4.82	Additive improvement of left ventricular remodeling by aldosterone receptor blockade with eplerenone and angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist in rats with myocardial infarction. ( Omura, T; Yoshikawa, J; Yoshiyama, M, 2004)
"The Candesartan in Heart failure Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) programme consisted of three parallel, randomized, double-blind clinical trials comparing candesartan with placebo in patients with heart failure (HF) categorized according to left ventricular ejection fraction and tolerability to an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor."	4.12	Pharmacogenomic study of heart failure and candesartan response from the CHARM programme. ( Asselin, G; Barhdadi, A; Carss, K; Chazara, O; Cunningham, JW; de Denus, S; Dubé, MP; Granger, CB; Haefliger, C; Lemaçon, A; Lemieux Perreault, LP; McMurray, JJV; Mongrain, I; Paul, DS; Provost, S; Rouleau, J; Solomon, SD; Tardif, JC; Wang, Q; Yusuf, S, 2022)
"Patient data were pooled from the CHARM-Preserved (Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity), I-PRESERVE (Irbesartan in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction), and TOPCAT (Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist trial) studies and were examined for the association between having a pacemaker and the risk of the primary composite of cardiovascular death or HF hospitalization, the individual components of the composite, the 2 main modes of cardiovascular death (i."	3.91	Prior Pacemaker Implantation and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction. ( Anand, IS; Carson, PE; Desai, AS; Docherty, KF; Granger, CB; Jhund, PS; Komajda, M; McKelvie, RS; McMurray, JJV; Petrie, MC; Pfeffer, MA; Shen, L; Solomon, SD; Swedberg, K; Zile, MR, 2019)
"Animals were randomized to rapid right ventricular-pacing (250 beats/min for 3 weeks) to severe heart failure and treated with candesartan (10 mg/kg daily, n = 8) or placebo (n = 8) from day 3 onwards, or no pacing (sham, n = 7)."	3.74	Selective type 1 angiotensin II receptor blockade attenuates oxidative stress and regulates angiotensin II receptors in the canine failing heart. ( Jugdutt, BI; Konig, A; Liu, P; Moe, G, 2008)
"The Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) programme randomised 7599 patients with symptomatic HF to receive candesartan or placebo."	3.74	Prevalence and prognostic impact of bundle branch block in patients with heart failure: evidence from the CHARM programme. ( Dunn, FG; Granger, CB; Hawkins, NM; McMurray, JJ; Michelson, EL; Ostergren, J; Pfeffer, MA; Pocock, SJ; Swedberg, K; Wang, D; Yusuf, S, 2007)
"To determine whether therapy with the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (ARB) candesartan and the comparator angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) enalapril during healing after reperfused ST-elevation myocardial infarction (RSTEMI) limit adverse remodeling of infarct zone (IZ) collagens and left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction, we randomized 24 dogs surviving anterior RSTEMI (90-min coronary occlusion) to placebo, candesartan, and enalapril therapy between day 2 and 42."	3.74	Angiotensin receptor blockade and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition limit adverse remodeling of infarct zone collagens and global diastolic dysfunction during healing after reperfused ST-elevation myocardial infarction. ( Idikio, H; Jugdutt, BI; Uwiera, RR, 2007)
" Adverse events leading to drug discontinuation were more frequent in the candesartan group: placebo/candesartan risk (%), lowest compared with highest age category: hyperkalemia (0."	2.73	Benefits and safety of candesartan treatment in heart failure are independent of age: insights from the Candesartan in Heart failure--Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity programme. ( Cohen-Solal, A; Granger, CB; McMurray, JJ; Michelson, EL; Pfeffer, MA; Puu, M; Solomon, SD; Swedberg, K; Yusuf, S, 2008)
"Electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy (ECG LVH) is a powerful independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension."	2.73	Prevalence and prognostic implications of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy in heart failure: evidence from the CHARM programme. ( Dunn, FG; Granger, CB; Hawkins, NM; McMurray, JJ; Michelson, EL; Ostergren, J; Pfeffer, MA; Pocock, SJ; Swedberg, K; Wang, D; Yusuf, S, 2007)
" Data are reviewed to demonstrate that ACE escape reflects inadequate ACE dosage rather than a decrease in ACE inhibition occurring with time."	2.41	Therapeutic implications of escape from angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in patients with chronic heart failure. ( Berlowitz, M; Ennezat, PV; Le Jemtel, TH; Sonnenblick, EH, 2000)
"With candesartan pretreatment, LV fractional shortening and ejection fraction increased (P<0."	1.33	Pretreatment with angiotensin receptor blockade prevents left ventricular dysfunction and blunts left ventricular remodeling associated with acute myocardial infarction. ( Castellano, L; Do, R; Gaballa, MA; Goldman, S; Juneman, E; Phan, H; Thai, H, 2006)
" The authors established with an initial dose-response curve using escalating concentrations of CN that 10 nmol/L abrogated vasoconstriction induced by angiotensin II (0."	1.31	Increased AT(2)R protein expression but not increased apoptosis during cardioprotection induced by AT(1)R blockade. ( Jugdutt, BI; Kumar, D; Moudgil, R; Musat-Marcu, S; Xu, Y, 2002)

Research

Studies (42)

Authors

Clinical Trials (4)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	1 (2.38)	18.2507
2000's	30 (71.43)	29.6817
2010's	10 (23.81)	24.3611
2020's	1 (2.38)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Dubé, MP	1
Chazara, O	1
Lemaçon, A	1
Asselin, G	1
Provost, S	1
Barhdadi, A	1
Lemieux Perreault, LP	1
Mongrain, I	1
Wang, Q	1
Carss, K	1
Paul, DS	1
Cunningham, JW	1
Rouleau, J	2
Solomon, SD	7
McMurray, JJV	2
Yusuf, S	13
Granger, CB	12
Haefliger, C	1
de Denus, S	1
Tardif, JC	1
Takahama, H	1
Asakura, M	1
Abe, Y	1
Ajioka, M	1
Aonuma, K	1
Anzai, T	1
Hayashi, T	2
Hiramitsu, S	1
Kawai, H	2
Kioka, H	1
Kimura, K	1
Lim, YJ	1
Matsuoka, K	1
Motoki, H	1
Nagata, Y	1
Nakamura, S	1
Ohte, N	1
Ozaki, Y	1
Sasaoka, T	1
Tamaki, S	1
Hamasaki, T	1
Kitakaze, M	1
Shen, L	1
Jhund, PS	1
Docherty, KF	1
Petrie, MC	1
Anand, IS	1
Carson, PE	1
Desai, AS	1
Komajda, M	1
McKelvie, RS	4
Pfeffer, MA	11
Swedberg, K	11
Zile, MR	1
Songur, CM	1
Songur, MO	1
Kocabeyoglu, SS	1
Basgut, B	1
Helske-Suihko, S	1
Laine, M	1
Lommi, J	1
Kaartinen, M	1
Werkkala, K	1
Kovanen, PT	1
Kupari, M	1
Kikuchi, N	1
Jujo, K	1
Yamaguchi, J	1
Ogawa, H	1
Hagiwara, N	1
Moe, G	1
Konig, A	1
Liu, P	1
Jugdutt, BI	4
Pocock, SJ	3
McMurray, JJ	10
Dobson, J	1
Michelson, EL	10
Ostergren, J	6
Anker, SD	1
Swedberg, KB	1
Cohen-Solal, A	2
Puu, M	2
Almuntaser, I	1
Mahmud, A	1
Brown, A	1
Murphy, R	1
King, G	1
Crean, P	1
Feely, J	1
Susic, D	1
Varagic, J	1
Frohlich, ED	1
Eklind-Cervenka, M	1
Benson, L	1
Dahlström, U	1
Edner, M	1
Rosenqvist, M	1
Lund, LH	1
Tanaka, H	1
Hiraishi, M	1
Miyoshi, T	1
Tsuji, T	1
Kaneko, A	1
Ryo, K	1
Yamawaki, K	1
Fukuda, Y	1
Norisada, K	1
Tatsumi, K	1
Matsumoto, K	1
Hirata, K	1
Fruhwald, F	1
Pieske, B	1
Oghlakian, GO	1
Sipahi, I	1
Fang, JC	1
Moudgil, R	1
Musat-Marcu, S	1
Xu, Y	1
Kumar, D	1
Shinohara, H	1
Fukuda, N	1
Soeki, T	1
Sakabe, K	1
Onose, Y	1
Tamura, Y	1
Sohmiya, K	1
Ukimura, A	1
Endoh, S	1
Mori, T	1
Shimomura, H	1
Okabe, M	1
Terasaki, F	1
Kitaura, Y	1
Held, P	3
Olofsson, B	3
Umemoto, S	1
Kawahara, S	1
Hashimoto, R	1
Matsuzaki, M	1
Kulbertus, H	1
Lamb, RE	1
King, D	1
Yoshiyama, M	1
Omura, T	1
Yoshikawa, J	1
Kochsiek, K	1
Wang, D	4
Finn, P	1
Skali, H	2
Zornoff, L	1
Pocock, S	2
Young, JB	1
Dunlap, ME	1
Probstfield, JL	1
Dietz, R	1
Hradec, J	1
Kuch, J	1
Menon, V	1
Voors, AA	1
van Veldhuisen, DJ	1
Higashikuni, Y	1
Sata, M	1
Nagai, R	1
Yan, RT	1
White, M	2
Yan, AT	1
Rouleau, JL	1
Maggioni, AP	1
Hall, C	1
Latini, R	2
Afzal, R	1
Floras, J	1
Masson, S	1
Anavekar, N	1
Olsson, LG	1
Ducharme, A	1
Iwashima, Y	1
Okada, M	1
Haneda, M	1
Yoshida, T	1
Hawkins, NM	2
Dunn, FG	2
Thai, H	1
Castellano, L	1
Juneman, E	1
Phan, H	1
Do, R	1
Gaballa, MA	1
Goldman, S	1
Kawasaki, D	1
Kosugi, K	1
Waki, H	1
Yamamoto, K	1
Tsujino, T	1
Masuyama, T	1
Idikio, H	1
Uwiera, RR	1
Pericak, D	1
Avezum, A	1
Burns, RJ	1
Probstfield, J	1
Tsuyuki, RT	1
Maggioni, A	1
Young, J	1
Pogue, J	1
Ennezat, PV	1
Berlowitz, M	1
Sonnenblick, EH	1
Le Jemtel, TH	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
The Potential of Candesartan to Retard the Progression of Aortic Stenosis Influences of Medical Therapy to the Atheroinflammatory Process in Stenotic Aortic Valves[NCT00699452]	Phase 3	120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2009-05-31	Recruiting
Evaluation of Renal Sodium Excretion After Salt Loading in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction[NCT03837470]	Early Phase 1	14 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-05-06	Completed
Phase 2/3 Study of Effect of AT1RB Versus ACE Inhibitor in Addition to XO Inhibitor on Progression of LV Remodeling and Dysfunction in Diabetic Patients With Acute MI.[NCT01052272]	Phase 2/Phase 3	72 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-07-31	Completed
Mechanisms and Management of Exercise Intolerance in Older Heart Failure Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction[NCT03111017]		12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-04-17	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

LVEF is a calculation of heart pump function determined from the volume after complete filling minus the volume after complete contraction divided by the volume after complete filling. A value of 55% or greater is normal. This is a measure of LV Systolic Function. Since some visits did not occur at the scheduled 6 month intervals, the results have been divided into 3-month visit intervals for reporting purposes (NCT01052272)
Timeframe: 5 visits per Participant over 2 years (about every 6 months)

Left Ventricular End Diastolic Volume Indexed to Body Surface Area (LVEDV/BSA)

Intervention	percent (Mean)
	Month 0 (n=17,17,18,18)	Month 6(n=14,11,11,12)	Month 9(n=1,2,0,0)	Month 12(n=12,11,11,11)	Month 15(n=3,2,1,1)	Month 18(n=10,12,8,8)	Month 21(n=3,0,0,1)	Month 24 (n=11,9,8,10)	Month 27 (n=1,1,0,1)
Candesartan Cilexetil	56.36	56.82	42.62	52.37	39.88	56.33	NA	51.70	54.17
Candesartan Cilexetil and Allopurinol	52.68	57.28	NA	56.11	54.46	57.82	56.17	55.79	54.40
Ramipril	52.19	54.20	64.98	52.76	52.13	55.02	51.27	57.18	50.73
Ramipril and Allopurinol	53.37	52.80	NA	51.74	34.89	54.05	NA	55.59	NA

LVEDV/BSA: As an indicator of heart size, the blood volume of the heart is related to the body size. The relation of heart blood volume to body size is more accurate in determining pathology because larger people require a larger heart blood volume. The values that are too high or too low indicate a diseased myocardium. This is a measure of LV Diastolic Function. Since some visits did not occur at the scheduled 6 month intervals, the results have been divided into 3-month visit intervals. (NCT01052272)
Timeframe: 5 visits per Participant over 2 years (about every 6 months)

Left Ventricular End Systolic Volume Indexed to Body Surface Area (LVESV/BSA)

Intervention	ml/m^2 (Mean)
	Month 0 (n=17,17,18,18)	Month 6(n=14,11,11,12)	Month 9(n=1,2,0,0)	Month12(n=12,11,11,11)	Month 15(n=3,2,1,1)	Month 18(n=10,12,8,8)	Month 21(n=3,0,0,1)	Month 24 (n=11,9,8,10)	Month 27 (n=1,1,0,1)
Candesartan Cilexetil	78.06	78.60	93.57	85.44	90.20	82.74	NA	84.28	76.65
Candesartan Cilexetil and Allopurinol	79.03	78.01	NA	79.75	63.1	84.95	75.27	79.72	75.05
Ramipril	73.03	74.10	73.23	75.34	81.19	75.28	71.99	70.46	48.68
Ramipril and Allopurinol	78.52	86.13	NA	83.95	108.25	67.96	NA	71.63	NA

LVESV/BSA: The end systolic volume is the blood volume of the heart at the end of contraction and is an index of the pump function of the heart. This relation to body size is more accurate in determining pathology because larger people require a larger heart blood volume. The values that are too high or too low indicate a diseased myocardium. This is a measure of LV Systolic Function. Since some visits did not occur at the scheduled 6 month intervals, the results have been divided into 3-month visit intervals. (NCT01052272)
Timeframe: 5 visits per Participant over 2 years (about every 6 months)

Left Ventricular End-diastolic Mass Indexed to Left Ventricular End-diastolic Volume (LVED Mass/LVEDV)

Intervention	ml/m^2 (Mean)
	Month 0 (n=17,17,18,18)	Month 6(n=14,11,11,12)	Month 9(n=1,2,0,0)	Month 12(n=12,11,11,11)	Month 15(n=3,2,1,1)	Month 18(n=10,12,8,8)	Month 21(n=3,0,0,1)	Month 24 (n=11,9,8,10)	Month 27 (n=1,1,0,1)
Candesartan Cilexetil	35.26	35.26	53.87	42.27	54.04	37.76	NA	41.72	35.13
Candesartan Cilexetil and Allopurinol	39.49	34.15	NA	36.07	28.74	37.18	32.99	35.99	34.22
Ramipril	36.20	34.77	25.64	36.82	39.42	35.30	35.23	31.17	23.98
Ramipril and Allopurinol	37.91	42.88	NA	42.34	70.48	30.39	NA	31.56	NA

LVED Mass/LVEDV: As an indicator of heart muscle mass and heart blood volume, the mass indexed to end diastolic volume determines whether there is an adequate amount of heart muscle to pump the heart blood volume obtained from a three-dimensional analysis. The values that are too high or too low indicate a diseased myocardium. This is a measure of LV Geometry. Since some visits did not occur at the scheduled 6 month intervals, the results have been divided into 3-month visit intervals for reporting purposes. (NCT01052272)
Timeframe: 5 visits per Participant over 2 years (about every 6 months)

Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Radius to Wall Thickness (LVED Radius/Wall Thickness)

Intervention	g/ml (Mean)
	Month 0 (n=17,17,18,18)	Month 6(n=14,11,11,12)	Month 9(n=1,2,0,0)	Month 12(n=12,11,11,11)	Month 15(n=3,2,1,1)	Month 18(n=10,12,8,8)	Month 21(n=3,0,0,1)	Month 24 (n=11,9,8,10)	Month 27 (n=1,1,0,1)
Candesartan Cilexetil	0.95	0.83	0.67	0.78	0.70	0.79	NA	0.80	0.64
Candesartan Cilexetil and Allopurinol	0.87	0.82	NA	0.86	0.68	0.80	0.69	0.82	0.69
Ramipril	0.92	0.87	0.75	0.84	0.81	0.79	0.95	0.84	0.93
Ramipril and Allopurinol	0.86	0.71	NA	0.72	0.57	0.83	NA	0.80	NA

LVED Radius/Wall thickness As an indicator of heart muscle mass and heart volume chamber diameter, the end-diastolic radius indexed to end diastolic wall thickness determines whether there is an adequate amount of heart muscle to pump the heart blood volume obtained from a two-dimensional analysis. The values that are too high or too low indicate a diseased myocardium. This is a measure of LV Geometry. Since some visits did not occur at the scheduled 6 month intervals, the results have been divided into 3-month visit intervals for reporting purposes. (NCT01052272)
Timeframe: 5 visits per Participant over 2 years (about every 6 months)

LV End Systolic Maximum Shortening (LVES Max Shortening)

Intervention	unitless (Mean)
	Month 0 (n=17,17,18,18)	Month 6(n=14,11,11,12)	Month 9(n=1,2,0,0)	Month 12(n=12,11,11,11)	Month 15(n=3,2,1,1)	Month 18(n=10,12,8,8)	Month 21(n=3,0,0,1)	Month 24 (n=11,9,8,10)	Month 27 (n=1,1,0,1)
Candesartan Cilexetil	3.14	3.39	4.14	3.68	4.10	3.71	NA	3.58	4.04
Candesartan Cilexetil and Allopurinol	3.45	3.63	NA	3.42	3.90	3.56	4.24	3.56	4.29
Ramipril	3.23	3.32	3.42	3.43	3.44	3.60	2.92	3.46	3.12
Ramipril and Allopurinol	3.57	4.04	NA	4.01	4.57	3.60	NA	3.61	NA

By identifying three points in three different planes in the heart muscle, the maximum shortening is the average of the difference between the distance between these three points at the end of filling of the heart and the end of contraction divided by the length at the end of filling times 100. The maximum shortening is a three dimensional analysis. The higher values indicate a healthy heart. This is a measure of LV Systolic Function. Since some visits did not occur at the scheduled 6 month intervals, the results have been divided into 3-month visit intervals for reporting purposes. (NCT01052272)
Timeframe: 5 visits per Participant over 2 years (about every 6 months)

Peak Early Filling Rate Normalized to EDV

Intervention	percent of length at end of filling (Mean)
	Month 0 (n=17,17,17,18)	Month 6(n=14,11,10,12)	Month 9(n=1,2,0,0)	Month 12(n=11,11,10,10)	Month 15(n=3,2,1,1)	Month 18(n=10,12,7,8)	Month 21(n=3,0,0,1)	Month 24 (n=11,9,8,10)	Month 27 (n=1,1,0,1)
Candesartan Cilexetil	16.68	17.50	19.08	17.13	16.28	17.55	NA	16.62	20.38
Candesartan Cilexetil and Allopurinol	16.00	18.50	NA	18.51	16.36	17.52	17.89	17.85	16.59
Ramipril	15.81	16.88	18.43	14.57	17.06	17.26	16.68	15.67	13.70
Ramipril and Allopurinol	15.84	18.72	NA	17.96	14.22	17.46	NA	17.52	NA

The Peak Early Filling Rate Normalized to EDV is calculated from the slope of the volume during the early filling of the heart with respect to time. The higher values indicate a very healthy heart muscle and lower values are indicative of a very stiff muscle. This is a measure of LV Diastolic Function. Since some visits did not occur at the scheduled 6 month intervals, the results have been divided into 3-month visit intervals for reporting purposes. (NCT01052272)
Timeframe: 5 visits per Participant over 2 years (about every 6 months)

Intervention	1/sec (Mean)
	Month 0 (n=17,17,18,18)	Month 6(n=14,11,11,12)	Month 9(n=1,2,0,0)	Month 12(n=12,11,11,11)	Month 15(n=3,2,1,1)	Month 18(n=10,12,8,8)	Month 21(n=3,0,0,1)	Month 24 (n=11,9,8,10)	Month 27 (n=1,1,0,1)
Candesartan Cilexetil	2.01	2.02	1.13	1.90	1.48	1.93	NA	1.65	1.10
Candesartan Cilexetil and Allopurinol	2.0	1.98	NA	1.77	2.28	2.05	2.50	1.82	2.15
Ramipril	1.93	1.74	2.50	1.80	2.02	1.91	1.69	2.05	1.34
Ramipril and Allopurinol	2.11	2.03	NA	1.93	1.56	1.89	NA	1.88	NA

Article	Year
Treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: have we been pursuing the wrong paradigm? Mayo Clinic proceedings, 2011, Volume: 86, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme	2011
[Angiotensin receptor blockers in chronic heart failure]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2003, Volume: 61, Issue:9 Topics: Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Double-Blind Method; Heart Fai	2003
Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction: risks, identification, and treatment. Progress in cardiovascular nursing, 2004,Winter, Volume: 19, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antihypertensive Agents; Benz	2004
Additive improvement of left ventricular remodeling by aldosterone receptor blockade with eplerenone and angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist in rats with myocardial infarction. Nihon yakurigaku zasshi. Folia pharmacologica Japonica, 2004, Volume: 124, Issue:2 Topics: Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Animals; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Eplerenone; Mineraloc	2004
Therapeutic implications of escape from angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in patients with chronic heart failure. Current cardiology reports, 2000, Volume: 2, Issue:3 Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl	2000

Article	Year
Rationale and Design of the Multicenter Trial on Japan Working Group on the Effects of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Selection (Azilsartan vs. Candesartan) on Diastolic Function in the Patients Suffering from Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction Cardiovascular drugs and therapy, 2018, Volume: 32, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Co	2018
Is blockade of the Renin-Angiotensin system able to reverse the structural and functional remodeling of the left ventricle in severe aortic stenosis? Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 2015, Volume: 65, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Aortic Valve Stenosis; Benzimidazo	2015
Impact of left ventricular ejection function on blood pressure-lowering therapy in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease. Journal of hypertension, 2016, Volume: 34, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Blood Pressure; Coronary Artery D	2016
Weight loss and mortality risk in patients with chronic heart failure in the candesartan in heart failure: assessment of reduction in mortality and morbidity (CHARM) programme. European heart journal, 2008, Volume: 29, Issue:21 Topics: Adult; Aged; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Antihypertensive Agents; Benzimidazoles; Biphe	2008
Benefits and safety of candesartan treatment in heart failure are independent of age: insights from the Candesartan in Heart failure--Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity programme. European heart journal, 2008, Volume: 29, Issue:24 Topics: Adult; Age Distribution; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blocke	2008
Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function taking angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Added trial. Lancet (London, England), 2003, Sep-06, Volume: 362, Issue:9386 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antih	2003
Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function intolerant to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Alternative trial. Lancet (London, England), 2003, Sep-06, Volume: 362, Issue:9386 Topics: Aged; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antihypertensive A	2003
Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function intolerant to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Alternative trial. Lancet (London, England), 2003, Sep-06, Volume: 362, Issue:9386 Topics: Aged; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antihypertensive A	2003
Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function intolerant to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Alternative trial. Lancet (London, England), 2003, Sep-06, Volume: 362, Issue:9386 Topics: Aged; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antihypertensive A	2003
Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function intolerant to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Alternative trial. Lancet (London, England), 2003, Sep-06, Volume: 362, Issue:9386 Topics: Aged; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antihypertensive A	2003
[Clinical study of the month. The CHARM study]. Revue medicale de Liege, 2003, Volume: 58, Issue:10 Topics: Aged; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antihypertensive Agents; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Co	2003
[Angiotensin receptor blockers in heart failure. CHARM Study]. Der Internist, 2004, Volume: 45, Issue:9 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme	2004
Effect of candesartan on cause-specific mortality in heart failure patients: the Candesartan in Heart failure Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) program. Circulation, 2004, Oct-12, Volume: 110, Issue:15 Topics: Aged; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Canada; Cardiovas	2004
Mortality and morbidity reduction with Candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction: results of the CHARM low-left ventricular ejection fraction trials. Circulation, 2004, Oct-26, Volume: 110, Issue:17 Topics: Aged; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Cardiac Output, L	2004
Usefulness of temporal changes in neurohormones as markers of ventricular remodeling and prognosis in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and heart failure receiving either candesartan or enalapril or both. The American journal of cardiology, 2005, Sep-01, Volume: 96, Issue:5 Topics: Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Benzimidazoles; B	2005
Influence of ejection fraction on cardiovascular outcomes in a broad spectrum of heart failure patients. Circulation, 2005, Dec-13, Volume: 112, Issue:24 Topics: Aged; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Female; Heart Fai	2005
Atrial fibrillation and risk of clinical events in chronic heart failure with and without left ventricular systolic dysfunction: results from the Candesartan in Heart failure-Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) program. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2006, May-16, Volume: 47, Issue:10 Topics: Aged; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Atrial Fibrillation; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compoun	2006
Regression of cardiac hypertrophy in type 2 diabetes with hypertension by candesartan. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2006, Volume: 74, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Amlodipine; Antihypertensive Agents; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Blood Pressure	2006
Prevalence and prognostic implications of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy in heart failure: evidence from the CHARM programme. Heart (British Cardiac Society), 2007, Volume: 93, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Antihypertensive Agents; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Com	2007
Role of activated renin-angiotensin system in myocardial fibrosis and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in diabetic patients--reversal by chronic angiotensin II type 1A receptor blockade. Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society, 2007, Volume: 71, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Blood Pressure; C	2007
Comparison of candesartan, enalapril, and their combination in congestive heart failure: randomized evaluation of strategies for left ventricular dysfunction (RESOLVD) pilot study. The RESOLVD Pilot Study Investigators. Circulation, 1999, Sep-07, Volume: 100, Issue:10 Topics: Aged; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Blood Pressure;	1999

Article	Year
Pharmacogenomic study of heart failure and candesartan response from the CHARM programme. ESC heart failure, 2022, Volume: 9, Issue:5 Topics: Genome-Wide Association Study; Heart Failure; Humans; Pharmacogenomic Testing; Randomized Controlled	2022
Prior Pacemaker Implantation and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction. JACC. Heart failure, 2019, Volume: 7, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds	2019
Effects of the AT1 receptor blocker candesartan on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in isolated rat hearts. The heart surgery forum, 2014, Oct-01, Volume: 17, Issue:5 Topics: Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Animals; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; In Vitro Techn	2014
Selective type 1 angiotensin II receptor blockade attenuates oxidative stress and regulates angiotensin II receptors in the canine failing heart. Molecular and cellular biochemistry, 2008, Volume: 317, Issue:1-2 Topics: Aldehydes; Angiotensin II; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Animals; Benzimidazoles; Bipheny	2008
Blood pressure control determines improvement in diastolic dysfunction in early hypertension. American journal of hypertension, 2009, Volume: 22, Issue:11 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Bendroflumethiazide; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Blood Pressure; Fe	2009
Cardiovascular effects of inhibition of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system components in hypertensive rats given salt excess. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, 2010, Volume: 298, Issue:4 Topics: Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animals; Benzimid	2010
Association of candesartan vs losartan with all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure. JAMA, 2011, Jan-12, Volume: 305, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Cause	2011
Exercise-induced left bundle branch block and subsequent mechanical left ventricular dyssynchrony--resolved with pharmacological therapy. Cardiovascular ultrasound, 2011, Feb-07, Volume: 9, Issue:1 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Bundle-Branch Block; Carbazoles; Carved	2011
Candesartan vs losartan and mortality in patients with heart failure. JAMA, 2011, Apr-20, Volume: 305, Issue:15 Topics: Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Europe; Guideline Adherence; H	2011
Increased AT(2)R protein expression but not increased apoptosis during cardioprotection induced by AT(1)R blockade. The Canadian journal of cardiology, 2002, Volume: 18, Issue:10 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Apoptosis; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Culture Techniques; Di	2002
Effects of angiotensin II receptor antagonists on [(123)I]metaiodobenzylguanidine myocardial imaging findings and neurohumoral factors in chronic heart failure. Heart and vessels, 2002, Volume: 17, Issue:2 Topics: 3-Iodobenzylguanidine; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aldosterone; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angio	2002
Angiotensin II receptor blockade prevents microangiopathy and preserves diastolic function in the diabetic rat heart. Heart (British Cardiac Society), 2003, Volume: 89, Issue:10 Topics: Angiotensin II; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Animals; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Blood	2003
AT2 receptor and apoptosis during AT1 receptor blockade in reperfused myocardial infarction in the rat. Molecular and cellular biochemistry, 2004, Volume: 262, Issue:1-2 Topics: Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Animals; Apoptosis; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Hem	2004
Role of angiotensin receptor blockers in patients with left ventricular dysfunction: lessons from CHARM and VALIANT. International journal of cardiology, 2004, Volume: 97, Issue:3 Topics: Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Clinical Trials as Topi	2004
Reversible left ventricular hypertrophy after tako-tsubo-like cardiomyopathy. Acta cardiologica, 2005, Volume: 60, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Aspirin; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Chest Pain; Drug Therapy	2005
Pretreatment with angiotensin receptor blockade prevents left ventricular dysfunction and blunts left ventricular remodeling associated with acute myocardial infarction. Circulation, 2006, Oct-31, Volume: 114, Issue:18 Topics: Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Animals; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Male; Myocardi	2006
Prevalence and prognostic impact of bundle branch block in patients with heart failure: evidence from the CHARM programme. European journal of heart failure, 2007, Volume: 9, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Bundle-Branch Blo	2007
Heart failure management. Interview with Karl Swedberg. Timely topics in medicine. Cardiovascular diseases, 2007, Jan-09, Volume: 11 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme	2007
Angiotensin receptor blockade and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition limit adverse remodeling of infarct zone collagens and global diastolic dysfunction during healing after reperfused ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Molecular and cellular biochemistry, 2007, Volume: 303, Issue:1-2 Topics: Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting En	2007

candesartan and Ventricular Dysfunction, Left