candesartan has been researched along with Diabetic Retinopathy in 25 studies
candesartan: a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist
candesartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension.
Diabetic Retinopathy: Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " We report the experience from DIRECT (DIabetic REtinopathy and Candesartan Trials), three placebo-controlled studies designed to examine the effects of an ARB, candesartan, on diabetic retinopathy." | 9.15 | Exposure to candesartan during the first trimester of pregnancy in type 1 diabetes: experience from the placebo-controlled DIabetic REtinopathy Candesartan Trials. ( Bilous, R; Chaturvedi, N; Fuller, JH; Hainer, JW; Jansson, SO; Klein, R; Malm, A; Orchard, T; Parving, HH; Porta, M; Sjølie, AK, 2011) |
| "The DIabetic Retinopathy Candesartan Trials (DIRECT) Programme consists of three randomised, double-masked, parallel, placebo-controlled studies to determine the impact of treatment with candesartan on diabetic retinopathy." | 9.10 | The DIabetic Retinopathy Candesartan Trials (DIRECT) Programme, rationale and study design. ( Chaturvedi, N; Sjoelie, AK; Svensson, A, 2002) |
| "Given the association of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and kidney disease, we investigated the urinary peptidome to presence and deterioration of DR in a post hoc analysis of trials investigating the effect of candesartan on progression of DR in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively." | 5.41 | Urinary peptidome and diabetic retinopathy in the DIRECT-Protect 1 and 2 trials. ( Hansen, TW; He, T; Magalhães, P; Mischak, H; Rossing, P; Rotbain Curovic, V, 2021) |
| " We report the experience from DIRECT (DIabetic REtinopathy and Candesartan Trials), three placebo-controlled studies designed to examine the effects of an ARB, candesartan, on diabetic retinopathy." | 5.15 | Exposure to candesartan during the first trimester of pregnancy in type 1 diabetes: experience from the placebo-controlled DIabetic REtinopathy Candesartan Trials. ( Bilous, R; Chaturvedi, N; Fuller, JH; Hainer, JW; Jansson, SO; Klein, R; Malm, A; Orchard, T; Parving, HH; Porta, M; Sjølie, AK, 2011) |
| "To study the association between baseline retinal microaneurysm score and progression and regression of diabetic retinopathy, and response to treatment with candesartan in people with diabetes." | 5.15 | Retinal microaneurysm count predicts progression and regression of diabetic retinopathy. Post-hoc results from the DIRECT Programme. ( Aldington, S; Bilous, R; Chaturvedi, N; Fuller, J; Klein, R; Orchard, T; Parving, HH; Porta, M; Sjølie, AK, 2011) |
| "The aim of the research was to evaluate some clinical and hemodynamic characteristics in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2 (DM type 1 and DM type 2), to diagnose diabetic retinopathy (DR) on early stage of its development for the correction of the disease by treating with angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (AT I)--Candesartan." | 5.13 | [Positive effects of angiotensin [corrected] receptor blockers on the course of microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus]. ( Kurashvili, GR; Kurashvili, RB; Shelestova, EL; Tsibadze, AD; Tsutskiridze, LR, 2008) |
| "The DIabetic Retinopathy Candesartan Trials (DIRECT) Programme consists of three randomised, double-masked, parallel, placebo-controlled studies to determine the impact of treatment with candesartan on diabetic retinopathy." | 5.10 | The DIabetic Retinopathy Candesartan Trials (DIRECT) Programme, rationale and study design. ( Chaturvedi, N; Sjoelie, AK; Svensson, A, 2002) |
| "We performed a post hoc analysis in the Diabetic Retinopathy Candesartan Trials (DIRECT-Protect 2 study), a multi centric randomized clinical controlled trial." | 3.85 | Urinary proteomics predict onset of microalbuminuria in normoalbuminuric type 2 diabetic patients, a sub-study of the DIRECT-Protect 2 study. ( Bilous, R; Chaturvedi, N; de Zeeuw, D; Fuller, J; Klein, R; Lambers Heerspink, H; Lindhardt, M; Mischak, H; Orchard, T; Parving, HH; Persson, F; Porta, M; Rossing, P; Stalmach, A; Zürbig, P, 2017) |
| "We have identified a novel mechanism by which candesartan improves diabetic retinopathy through the restoration of GLO-I." | 3.76 | Candesartan attenuates diabetic retinal vascular pathology by restoring glyoxalase-I function. ( Binger, KJ; Cooper, ME; Miller, AG; Nagaraj, RH; Pickering, RJ; Tan, G; Thomas, MC; Wilkinson-Berka, JL, 2010) |
| "Treatment with candesartan in type 2 diabetic patients with mild to moderate retinopathy might induce improvement of retinopathy." | 2.73 | Effect of candesartan on progression and regression of retinopathy in type 2 diabetes (DIRECT-Protect 2): a randomised placebo-controlled trial. ( Bilous, R; Chaturvedi, N; Fuller, J; Klein, R; Orchard, T; Parving, HH; Porta, M; Sjølie, AK, 2008) |
| "Hypertension is a leading risk factor for the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy and contributes to a variety of other retinal diseases in the absence of diabetes mellitus." | 1.35 | Plasma kallikrein mediates angiotensin II type 1 receptor-stimulated retinal vascular permeability. ( Bursell, SE; Chilcote, TJ; Clermont, AC; Feener, EP; Phipps, JA; Sinha, S, 2009) |
| "Diabetic retinopathy is the most common microvascular complication caused by diabetes mellitus and is a leading cause of vision loss among working-age adults in developed countries." | 1.35 | Angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonism ameliorates murine retinal proteome changes induced by diabetes. ( Bursell, D; Clermont, AC; Feener, EP; Gao, BB; Phipps, JA, 2009) |
| "When hypertension was reduced using captopril or candesartan, retinal KDR expression returned to baseline levels." | 1.31 | Cyclic stretch and hypertension induce retinal expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2: potential mechanisms for exacerbation of diabetic retinopathy by hypertension. ( Aiello, LP; Clermont, A; Feener, EP; Hata, Y; Pokras, F; Rook, SL; Suzuma, I; Suzuma, K, 2001) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 0 (0.00) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 13 (52.00) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 10 (40.00) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 2 (8.00) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Mills, SA | 1 |
| Jobling, AI | 1 |
| Dixon, MA | 1 |
| Bui, BV | 1 |
| Vessey, KA | 1 |
| Phipps, JA | 3 |
| Greferath, U | 1 |
| Venables, G | 1 |
| Wong, VHY | 1 |
| Wong, CHY | 1 |
| He, Z | 1 |
| Hui, F | 1 |
| Young, JC | 1 |
| Tonc, J | 1 |
| Ivanova, E | 1 |
| Sagdullaev, BT | 1 |
| Fletcher, EL | 1 |
| Rotbain Curovic, V | 1 |
| Magalhães, P | 1 |
| He, T | 1 |
| Hansen, TW | 1 |
| Mischak, H | 2 |
| Rossing, P | 2 |
| Lindhardt, M | 1 |
| Persson, F | 1 |
| Zürbig, P | 1 |
| Stalmach, A | 1 |
| de Zeeuw, D | 1 |
| Lambers Heerspink, H | 1 |
| Klein, R | 7 |
| Orchard, T | 5 |
| Porta, M | 7 |
| Fuller, J | 4 |
| Bilous, R | 6 |
| Chaturvedi, N | 8 |
| Parving, HH | 6 |
| Mitchell, P | 1 |
| Wong, TY | 1 |
| Sjølie, AK | 8 |
| Tsutskiridze, LR | 1 |
| Kurashvili, RB | 1 |
| Tsibadze, AD | 1 |
| Kurashvili, GR | 1 |
| Shelestova, EL | 1 |
| Clermont, AC | 2 |
| Sinha, S | 1 |
| Chilcote, TJ | 1 |
| Bursell, SE | 1 |
| Feener, EP | 3 |
| Wright, AD | 1 |
| Dodson, PM | 1 |
| Gao, BB | 1 |
| Bursell, D | 1 |
| Moss, SE | 1 |
| Malm, AR | 1 |
| Fuller, JH | 2 |
| Miller, AG | 1 |
| Tan, G | 1 |
| Binger, KJ | 1 |
| Pickering, RJ | 1 |
| Thomas, MC | 1 |
| Nagaraj, RH | 1 |
| Cooper, ME | 2 |
| Wilkinson-Berka, JL | 1 |
| Hainer, JW | 1 |
| Jansson, SO | 1 |
| Malm, A | 1 |
| Dodson, P | 1 |
| Hobbs, FR | 1 |
| Aldington, S | 1 |
| Schlaich, MP | 1 |
| Morise, A | 1 |
| Sakamoto, K | 1 |
| Shiba, T | 1 |
| Sjoelie, AK | 1 |
| Svensson, A | 1 |
| Ohashi, H | 1 |
| Takagi, H | 1 |
| Angioi-Duprez, K | 1 |
| Sugawara, A | 1 |
| Ito, S | 1 |
| Suzuma, I | 1 |
| Hata, Y | 1 |
| Clermont, A | 1 |
| Pokras, F | 1 |
| Rook, SL | 1 |
| Suzuma, K | 1 |
| Aiello, LP | 1 |
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Effects of Candesartan Cilexetil (Candesartan) on Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 1 Diabetic Patients Without Retinopathy.[NCT00252733] | Phase 3 | 5,238 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2001-06-30 | Completed | ||
| DIRECT: DIabetic Retinopathy Candesartan Trials. Effects of Candesartan Cilexetil (Candesartan) on Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 1 Diabetic Patients With Retinopathy.[NCT00252720] | Phase 3 | 1,850 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2001-08-31 | Completed | ||
| Effects of Candesartan Cilexetil (Candesartan) on Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Retinopathy.[NCT00252694] | Phase 3 | 4,717 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2001-08-31 | Completed | ||
| Prospective, Single-center, Six-month Study of Intravitreal Ranibizumab for Macular Edema With Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: Effects on Microaneurysm Turnover and Non-perfused Retinal Area[NCT02834663] | Phase 4 | 25 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-08-31 | Completed | ||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
Two steps were defined as either a 1-step change in each eye or as a 2-step change in one eye only. ETDRS is a scale with 11 steps (1-11, where a score of 1 represents no retinopathy and a score of 11 represents proliferative retinopathy). A generalized log-rank test was used to test difference between treatments. (NCT00252733)
Timeframe: From baseline to end of study, i.e. 5 years, with visits after a half year, one year and thereafter one visit per year.
| Intervention | Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Candesartan | 178 |
| Placebo | 217 |
An estimate of the slope from fitting a linear regression of log(UAER) over time for each patient. (NCT00252733)
Timeframe: From baseline to end of study, i.e. 5 years.
| Intervention | log (µg/min)/year (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Candesartan | 0.510 |
| Placebo | 0.543 |
Retinopathy progression was defined as the first occurrence of at least a 3-step increase in the ETDRS severity scale. 3 steps were defined as either a 1-step change in one eye and a 2-step change in the other eye or as a 3-step change in one eye only. EDRTS is a scale with 11 steps (1-11). A generlized log-rank test was used to test difference between treatments. (NCT00252720)
Timeframe: From baseline to end of study, i.e. 5 years, with visits after a half year, one year and thereafter one visit per year.
| Intervention | Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Candesartan | 127 |
| Placebo | 124 |
Regression of diabetic retinopathy was defined as at least a 3 step improvement or a persistent 2-step improvement (confirmed in 2 consecutive photography sets) in the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) severity scale. 3 steps were defined as either a 1-step change in one eye and a 2-step change in the other eye or as a 3-step change in one eye only. EDRTS is a scale with 11 steps (1-11). (NCT00252720)
Timeframe: From baseline to the end of the study, i.e., 5 years
| Intervention | Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Candesartan | 140 |
| Placebo | 139 |
Clinically Significant Macular Edema (CSME) and Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR) are diagnosed via retinal photographs. (NCT00252720)
Timeframe: From baseline to end of study, i.e. 5 years.
| Intervention | Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Candesartan | 110 |
| Placebo | 107 |
An estimate of the slope from fitting a linear regression of log (UAER) over time (post-randimisation, yearly assessments) for each patient (NCT00252720)
Timeframe: From baseline to end of study, i.e. 5 years.
| Intervention | log (µg/min)/year (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Candesartan | 0.569 |
| Placebo | 0.642 |
3 steps were defined as either a 1-step change in one eye and a 2-step change in the other eye or as a 3-step change in one eye only. EDRTS is a scale with 11 steps (1-11). A generlized log-rank test was used to test difference between treatments. (NCT00252694)
Timeframe: From baseline to end of study, i.e. 5 years, with visits after a half year, one year and thereafter one visit per year.
| Intervention | Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Candesartan | 161 |
| Placebo | 182 |
3 steps were defined as either a 1-step change in one eye and a 2-step change in the other eye or as a 3-step change in one eye only. EDRTS is a scale with 11 steps (1-11). (NCT00252694)
Timeframe: From baseline to end of study, i.e. 5 years.
| Intervention | Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Candesartan | 180 |
| Placebo | 136 |
Clinically Significant Macular Edema (CSME) and Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR) are diagnosed via retinal photographs. (NCT00252694)
Timeframe: From baseline to end of study, i.e. 5 years.
| Intervention | Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Candesartan | 192 |
| Placebo | 193 |
An estimate of the slope from fitting a linear regression of log(UAER) over time (post-randomisation, yearly assessments) for each patient. (NCT00252694)
Timeframe: From Baseline to end of study, i.e. 5 years.
| Intervention | log (µg/min)/1000 year (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Candesartan | 656 |
| Placebo | 718 |
CRT was performed using OCT at each visit. The OCT measured at each visit was analyzed statistically. the CMT compare the degree of improvement or worsening of vision at baseline and 6 months. (value at 6 months minus value at baseline) (NCT02834663)
Timeframe: 6 months
| Intervention | um (Mean) |
|---|---|
| CRT Baseline | 479.12 |
| CRT Resulte | 369.12 |
Using ImageJ software (version 1.52a) by FAG image. The Perifoveal non-perfusion area in FAG compare the degree of improvement or worsening of vision at baseline and 6 months. (value at 6 months minus value at baseline) (NCT02834663)
Timeframe: 6 months
| Intervention | mm2 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Perifoveal Non-perfusion Area Baseline | 2.517 |
| Perifoveal Non-perfusion Area Results | 2.495 |
Systemic adverse events (MI, CVA, etc), Ocular adverse events (retinal detachment, RPE tear, endophthalmitis, uveitis, vitreous hemorrhage, subretinal hemorrhage, cataract , IOP elevation, etc) at baseline and each visit. (NCT02834663)
Timeframe: 6 months
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Safety Parameters Results | 0 |
BCVA was performed using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart at baseline and 6 months. The BCVA compare the degree of improvement or worsening of vision at baseline and 6 months. (value at 6 months minus value at baseline) (NCT02834663)
Timeframe: 6 months
| Intervention | letters (Mean) |
|---|---|
| BCVA Baseline | 67.6 |
| BCVA Resulte | 76.36 |
Number of MAs that resolved/month The MAs in individual retinas were evaluated at 6 months using fundus photography. The Retmarker (version 1.0.2 by Retmarker Ltd, Coimbra, Portugal) software was used for automatic measurement and analysis of changes in number and extent of MAs on fundus photographs and to calculate the total number and turnover of MAs. MA turnover was calculated by adding the MA formation rate (number of new MAs detected/month) to the MA disappearance rate (number of MAs that resolved/month). The microaneurysm disappearance rate compare the degree of improvement or worsening of vision at baseline and 6 months. (value at 6 months minus value at baseline) (NCT02834663)
Timeframe: 6 months
| Intervention | microaneurysms/month (Mean) |
|---|---|
| The MA Disappearance Rate Baseline | 4.40 |
| The MA Disappearance Rate Resulte | 0.96 |
number of new MAs detected/month The MAs in individual retinas were evaluated at 6 months using fundus photography. The Retmarker (version 1.0.2 by Retmarker Ltd, Coimbra, Portugal) software was used for automatic measurement and analysis of changes in number and extent of MAs on fundus photographs and to calculate the total number and turnover of MAs. MA turnover was calculated by adding the MA formation rate (number of new MAs detected/month) to the MA disappearance rate (number of MAs that resolved/month). The microaneurysm formation rate compare the degree of improvement or worsening of vision at baseline and 6 months. (value at 6 months minus value at baseline) (NCT02834663)
Timeframe: 6 months
| Intervention | microaneurysms/month (Mean) |
|---|---|
| The MA Formation Rate Baseline | 2.48 |
| The MA Formation Rate Resulte | 0.96 |
The microaneurysm formation rate + The microaneurysm disappearance rate The MAs in individual retinas were evaluated at 6 months using fundus photography. The Retmarker (version 1.0.2 by Retmarker Ltd, Coimbra, Portugal) software was used for automatic measurement and analysis of changes in number and extent of MAs on fundus photographs and to calculate the total number and turnover of MAs. MA turnover was calculated by adding the MA formation rate (number of new MAs detected/month) to the MA disappearance rate (number of MAs that resolved/month). The microaneurysm turnover compare the degree of improvement or worsening of vision at baseline and 6 months. (value at 6 months minus value at baseline) (NCT02834663)
Timeframe: 6 months
| Intervention | microaneurysms/month (Mean) |
|---|---|
| The Microaneurysm Turnover Baseline | 6.88 |
| The Microaneurysm Turnover Results | 1.92 |
The number of MAs in individual retinas were evaluated during 6 months using fundus photography and FA imaging. The Retmarker software was used for automatic measurement and analysis of changes in number and extent of MAs on fundus photographs and to calculate the total number and turnover of MAs. Changes in MAs were analyzed statistically. the total number of MAs compare the degree of improvement or worsening of vision at baseline and 6 months. (value at 6 months minus value at baseline) (NCT02834663)
Timeframe: 6 months
| Intervention | microaneurysms (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Total MA Baseline | 5.68 |
| Total MA Resulte | 1.60 |
6 reviews available for candesartan and Diabetic Retinopathy
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Diabetic retinopathy and blockade of the renin-angiotensin system: new data from the DIRECT study programme.
Topics: Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Antihypertensive Agents; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds | 2010 |
Does renin-angiotensin system blockade have a role in preventing diabetic retinopathy? A clinical review.
Topics: Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Benzimidazoles; B | 2011 |
The retinal renin-angiotensin system: implications for therapy in diabetic retinopathy.
Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antihypertensive Agents; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compound | 2002 |
[The Diabetic Retinopathy Candesartan Trials (DIRECT) programme].
Topics: Albuminuria; Angiotensin II; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Animals; Antihypertensive Agen | 2005 |
[Retinopathy, a major cause of blindness in the adult diabetic].
Topics: Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Blindness; Causality; D | 2006 |
[Stimulatory effects of angiotensin II on angiogenesis].
Topics: Angiotensin II; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; A | 2006 |
10 trials available for candesartan and Diabetic Retinopathy
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Urinary peptidome and diabetic retinopathy in the DIRECT-Protect 1 and 2 trials.
Topics: Adult; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Benzimidazoles; Biomarkers; Biphenyl Compounds; Cros | 2021 |
Effect of candesartan on prevention (DIRECT-Prevent 1) and progression (DIRECT-Protect 1) of retinopathy in type 1 diabetes: randomised, placebo-controlled trials.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Diab | 2008 |
Effect of candesartan on prevention (DIRECT-Prevent 1) and progression (DIRECT-Protect 1) of retinopathy in type 1 diabetes: randomised, placebo-controlled trials.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Diab | 2008 |
Effect of candesartan on prevention (DIRECT-Prevent 1) and progression (DIRECT-Protect 1) of retinopathy in type 1 diabetes: randomised, placebo-controlled trials.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Diab | 2008 |
Effect of candesartan on prevention (DIRECT-Prevent 1) and progression (DIRECT-Protect 1) of retinopathy in type 1 diabetes: randomised, placebo-controlled trials.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Diab | 2008 |
Effect of candesartan on progression and regression of retinopathy in type 2 diabetes (DIRECT-Protect 2): a randomised placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Diabetes M | 2008 |
[Positive effects of angiotensin [corrected] receptor blockers on the course of microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl | 2008 |
Angiotensin receptor blockade not related to history of dry eye symptoms and treatment in The Diabetic Retinopathy Candesartan Trials (DIRECT).
Topics: Adult; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitu | 2011 |
Exposure to candesartan during the first trimester of pregnancy in type 1 diabetes: experience from the placebo-controlled DIabetic REtinopathy Candesartan Trials.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adolescent; Adult; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Benzimidazoles; Bi | 2011 |
Exposure to candesartan during the first trimester of pregnancy in type 1 diabetes: experience from the placebo-controlled DIabetic REtinopathy Candesartan Trials.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adolescent; Adult; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Benzimidazoles; Bi | 2011 |
Exposure to candesartan during the first trimester of pregnancy in type 1 diabetes: experience from the placebo-controlled DIabetic REtinopathy Candesartan Trials.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adolescent; Adult; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Benzimidazoles; Bi | 2011 |
Exposure to candesartan during the first trimester of pregnancy in type 1 diabetes: experience from the placebo-controlled DIabetic REtinopathy Candesartan Trials.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adolescent; Adult; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Benzimidazoles; Bi | 2011 |
Exposure to candesartan during the first trimester of pregnancy in type 1 diabetes: experience from the placebo-controlled DIabetic REtinopathy Candesartan Trials.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adolescent; Adult; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Benzimidazoles; Bi | 2011 |
Exposure to candesartan during the first trimester of pregnancy in type 1 diabetes: experience from the placebo-controlled DIabetic REtinopathy Candesartan Trials.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adolescent; Adult; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Benzimidazoles; Bi | 2011 |
Exposure to candesartan during the first trimester of pregnancy in type 1 diabetes: experience from the placebo-controlled DIabetic REtinopathy Candesartan Trials.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adolescent; Adult; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Benzimidazoles; Bi | 2011 |
Exposure to candesartan during the first trimester of pregnancy in type 1 diabetes: experience from the placebo-controlled DIabetic REtinopathy Candesartan Trials.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adolescent; Adult; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Benzimidazoles; Bi | 2011 |
Exposure to candesartan during the first trimester of pregnancy in type 1 diabetes: experience from the placebo-controlled DIabetic REtinopathy Candesartan Trials.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adolescent; Adult; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Benzimidazoles; Bi | 2011 |
Retinal microaneurysm count predicts progression and regression of diabetic retinopathy. Post-hoc results from the DIRECT Programme.
Topics: Adult; Aneurysm; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Diabet | 2011 |
Retinal microaneurysm count predicts progression and regression of diabetic retinopathy. Post-hoc results from the DIRECT Programme.
Topics: Adult; Aneurysm; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Diabet | 2011 |
Retinal microaneurysm count predicts progression and regression of diabetic retinopathy. Post-hoc results from the DIRECT Programme.
Topics: Adult; Aneurysm; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Diabet | 2011 |
Retinal microaneurysm count predicts progression and regression of diabetic retinopathy. Post-hoc results from the DIRECT Programme.
Topics: Adult; Aneurysm; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Diabet | 2011 |
Retinal microaneurysm count predicts progression and regression of diabetic retinopathy. Post-hoc results from the DIRECT Programme.
Topics: Adult; Aneurysm; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Diabet | 2011 |
Retinal microaneurysm count predicts progression and regression of diabetic retinopathy. Post-hoc results from the DIRECT Programme.
Topics: Adult; Aneurysm; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Diabet | 2011 |
Retinal microaneurysm count predicts progression and regression of diabetic retinopathy. Post-hoc results from the DIRECT Programme.
Topics: Adult; Aneurysm; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Diabet | 2011 |
Retinal microaneurysm count predicts progression and regression of diabetic retinopathy. Post-hoc results from the DIRECT Programme.
Topics: Adult; Aneurysm; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Diabet | 2011 |
Retinal microaneurysm count predicts progression and regression of diabetic retinopathy. Post-hoc results from the DIRECT Programme.
Topics: Adult; Aneurysm; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Diabet | 2011 |
Retinal microaneurysm count predicts progression and regression of diabetic retinopathy. Post-hoc results from the DIRECT Programme.
Topics: Adult; Aneurysm; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Diabet | 2011 |
Retinal microaneurysm count predicts progression and regression of diabetic retinopathy. Post-hoc results from the DIRECT Programme.
Topics: Adult; Aneurysm; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Diabet | 2011 |
Retinal microaneurysm count predicts progression and regression of diabetic retinopathy. Post-hoc results from the DIRECT Programme.
Topics: Adult; Aneurysm; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Diabet | 2011 |
Retinal microaneurysm count predicts progression and regression of diabetic retinopathy. Post-hoc results from the DIRECT Programme.
Topics: Adult; Aneurysm; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Diabet | 2011 |
Retinal microaneurysm count predicts progression and regression of diabetic retinopathy. Post-hoc results from the DIRECT Programme.
Topics: Adult; Aneurysm; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Diabet | 2011 |
Retinal microaneurysm count predicts progression and regression of diabetic retinopathy. Post-hoc results from the DIRECT Programme.
Topics: Adult; Aneurysm; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Diabet | 2011 |
Retinal microaneurysm count predicts progression and regression of diabetic retinopathy. Post-hoc results from the DIRECT Programme.
Topics: Adult; Aneurysm; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Diabet | 2011 |
[Diabetic retinopathy candesartan trial].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Diab | 2010 |
The DIabetic Retinopathy Candesartan Trials (DIRECT) Programme, rationale and study design.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Diabetic Retinopathy; Disease Progressi | 2002 |
The DIabetic REtinopathy Candesartan Trials (DIRECT) Programme: baseline characteristics.
Topics: Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2005 |
9 other studies available for candesartan and Diabetic Retinopathy
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Fractalkine-induced microglial vasoregulation occurs within the retina and is altered early in diabetic retinopathy.
Topics: Animals; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Chemokine CX3CL1; Diabetic Retinopathy; Gene Expression | 2021 |
Urinary proteomics predict onset of microalbuminuria in normoalbuminuric type 2 diabetic patients, a sub-study of the DIRECT-Protect 2 study.
Topics: Aged; Albuminuria; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Benzimidazoles; Biomarkers; Biphenyl Com | 2017 |
DIRECT new treatments for diabetic retinopathy.
Topics: Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Blood Pressure; Diabete | 2008 |
Plasma kallikrein mediates angiotensin II type 1 receptor-stimulated retinal vascular permeability.
Topics: Angiotensin II; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Animals; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds | 2009 |
Angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonism ameliorates murine retinal proteome changes induced by diabetes.
Topics: Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Animals; Apoptosis; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Dia | 2009 |
Candesartan attenuates diabetic retinal vascular pathology by restoring glyoxalase-I function.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Genetically Modified; Antihypertensive Agents; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; | 2010 |
DIRECT study: a commentary.
Topics: Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Clinical Trials as Topi | 2010 |
Angiotensin receptor blockade in diabetic women of childbearing potential: an acceptable risk?
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; D | 2011 |
Cyclic stretch and hypertension induce retinal expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2: potential mechanisms for exacerbation of diabetic retinopathy by hypertension.
Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Blood Pressure; Captopril; Cat | 2001 |