camalexin and Disease-Models--Animal

Phytoalexins are produced by plants after exposure to physical, biological or chemical stress and a specific group of these metabolites represent indole phytoalexins produced by important plants of the family Cruciferae. With respect to the epidemiologically proven cancer chemopreventive properties of brassica vegetables, antiproliferative and anticarcinogenic activities of indole phytoalexins have been studied. Several indole phytoalexins (i.e. brassinin, spirobrassinin, brassilexin, camalexin, 1-methoxyspirobrassinin, 1-methoxyspirobrassinol and methoxyspirobrassinol methyl ether) have been found to possess significant antiproliferative activity against various cancer cells and this activity is supposed to be associated with the modulation of activity of transcription factors regulating cell cycle, differentiation and apoptosis. Indole phytoalexins (i.e. cyclobrassinin, spirobrassinin, brassinin) also exhibited cancer chemopreventive activity in models of mammary and skin carcinogenesis. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanism of action of such drugs and their structure-activity relationships is necessary for development new derivatives with more favourable profile of antiproliferative and chemopreventive activities.

Topics: Animals; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Brassicaceae; Chemoprevention; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Indoles; Neoplasms, Experimental; Phytoalexins; Plant Extracts; Sesquiterpenes; Spiro Compounds; Terpenes; Thiazoles; Thiocarbamates

Parkinson's Disease (PD) exhibits the extrapyramidal symptoms caused due to the dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in the substantia nigra of the brain and depletion of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzyme.. This study was designed to enlighten the importance of the Aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme in protecting the dopamine levels in a living system. Camalexin, a potentially active compound, has been evaluated for its dopamine enhancing and aldehyde dehydrogenase protecting role in pesticide-induced Parkinson's disease.. AutoDock 4.2 software was employed to perform the docking simulations between the ligand camalexin and standard drugs Alda-1, Ropirinole with three proteins 4WJR, 3INL, 5AER. Consequently, the compound was evaluated for its. The Autodock result shows that the ligand camalexin has a lower binding energy (-3.84) that indicates a higher affinity with the proteins when compared to the standard drug of proteins (-3.42). In the zebrafish model, behavioral studies provided evidence that camalexin helps in the improvement of motor functions and cognition. The catecholamine assay has proved that there is an enhancement in dopamine levels, as well as an improvement in aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme.. The novel compound, camalexin, offers a protective role in Parkinson's disease model by its interaction with neurochemical proteins and also in alternative

Topics: Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Animals; Benomyl; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; Indoles; Parkinson Disease; Thiazoles; Zebrafish