calpain and Spastic-Paraplegia--Hereditary

Spastic paraplegia type 76 (SPG76) is a subtype of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) caused by calpain-1 (CAPN1) mutations. Our study described the phenotypic and genetic characteristics of three families with spastic ataxia due to various CAPN1 mutations and further explored the pathogenesis of the two novel mutations. The three patients were 48, 39, and 48 years old, respectively. Patients 1 and 3 were from consanguineous families, while patient 2 was sporadic. Physical examination showed hypertonia, hyperreflexia, and Babinski signs in the lower limbs. Patients 2 and 3 additionally had dysarthria and depression. CAPN1 mutations were identified by whole-exome sequencing, followed by Sanger sequencing and co-segregation analysis within the family. Functional examination of the newly identified mutations was further explored. Two homozygous mutations were detected in patient 1 (c.213dupG, p.D72Gfs*95) and patient 3 (c.1729+1G>A) with HSP, respectively. Patient 2 had compound heterozygous mutations c.853C>T (p.R285X) and c.1324G>A (p.G442S). Western blotting revealed the p.D72Gfs*95 with a smaller molecular weight than WT and p.G442S. In vitro, the wild-type calpain-1 is mostly located in the cytoplasm and colocalized with tubulin by immunostaining. However, p.D72Gfs*95 and p.G442S abnormally formed intracellular aggregation, with little colocalization with tubulin. In this study, we identified three cases with SPG76, due to four various CAPN1 mutations, presenting lower limb spasticity and ataxia, with or without bulbar involvement and emotional disorder. Among these, c.213dupG and c.1324G>A are first identified in this paper. The genotype-phenotype correlation of the SPG76 cases reported worldwide was further summarized.

Topics: Calpain; Humans; Mutation; Paraplegia; Pedigree; Phenotype; Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary; Tubulin

Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) are of great clinical and genetic heterogeneity. According to the clinical features, HSP can be divided into pure or complicated subtypes which combined with other neurological symptoms including cerebellar ataxia. Up to date, 78 loci or genes have been implicated in HSP. CAPN1 was a novel gene detected recently for spastic paraplegia 76 (SPG76).. Patients referred to our clinic with spastic or spastic-ataxic gait were collected. Genetic testing of the probands were performed by target sequencing of a panel containing over 4000 known virulence genes. And the candidate mutations were further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing. The clinical materials of these patients were demonstrated retrospectively.. Two Chinese patients, both from consanguineous families, each carried a novel homozygous mutation of CAPN1, p.R48X and p.R339X. The male proband presented pure HSP subtype while the female proband presented complicated HSP symptoms with cerebellar ataxia. We then reviewed all the literatures of HSP patients carrying CAPN1 mutations and summarized the molecular spectrum and clinical characteristics of CAPN1-related SPG76.. These two SPG76 patients carrying CAPN1 mutations were the first reported in China. By reviewing the clinical manifestations of SPG76 patients, we validated the "spastic-ataxia" phenotype and emphasized the association between spasticity and ataxia, indicating the importance of CAPN1 screening in HSP patients.

Topics: Asian People; Calpain; China; Exons; Female; Humans; Male; Mutation; Pedigree; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Retrospective Studies; Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary

CAPN1-associated hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG76) is a rare and clinically heterogenous syndrome due to loss of calpain-1 function. Here we illustrate a translational approach to the case of an 18-year-old patient who first presented with psychiatric symptoms followed by spastic gait, intention tremor, and neurogenic bladder dysfunction, consistent with a complex form of HSP. Exome sequencing showed compound-heterozygous missense variants in CAPN1 (NM_001198868.2: c.1712A>G (p.Asn571Ser)/c.1991C>T (p.Ser664Leu)) and a previously reported heterozygous stop-gain variant in RCL1. In silico analyses of the CAPN1 variants predicted a deleterious effect and in vitro functional studies confirmed reduced calpain-1 activity and dysregulated downstream signaling. These findings support a diagnosis of SPG76 and highlight that the psychiatric symptoms can precede the motor symptoms in HSP. Our results also suggest that multiple genes can potentially contribute to complex neuropsychiatric diseases.

Topics: Adolescent; Calpain; Humans; Mutation; Pedigree; Psychotic Disorders; Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary

SPG76 is one of the rare forms of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) which causes by mutations in the. Herein, we present the clinical features and results of WES in the first Iranian family with a novel. Some of the previous studies have mentioned that the "spasticity-ataxia phenotype might be conducted to the diagnosis of SPG76" but recently the number of pure HSP patients with

Topics: Adult; Calpain; Female; Genetic Association Studies; Humans; Iran; Male; Pedigree; Siblings; Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary

Spastic ataxias are rare neurogenetic disorders involving spinocerebellar and pyramidal tracts. Many genes are involved. Among them, CAPN1, when mutated, is responsible for a complex inherited form of spastic paraplegia (SPG76). We report the largest published series of 21 novel patients with nine new CAPN1 disease-causing variants and their clinical characteristics from two European university hospitals (Paris and Stockholm). After a formal clinical examination, causative variants were identified by next-generation sequencing and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. CAPN1 variants are a rare cause (~ 1.4%) of young-adult-onset spastic ataxia; however, together with all published cases, they allowed us to better describe the clinical and genetic spectra of this form. Truncating variants are the most frequent, and missense variants lead to earlier age at onset in favor of an additional deleterious effect. Cerebellar ataxia with cerebellar atrophy, dysarthria and lower limb weakness are often associated with spasticity. We also suggest that cognitive impairment and depression should be assessed specifically in the follow-up of SPG76 cases.

Topics: Adult; Age of Onset; Calpain; Cerebellar Ataxia; Child; Female; Genetic Association Studies; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Male; Muscle Spasticity; Mutation; Optic Atrophy; Pedigree; Phenotype; Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary; Spinocerebellar Ataxias; Young Adult

Mutations in CAPN1 have recently been reported to cause the spastic paraplegia 76 (SPG76) subtype of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). To investigate the role of CAPN1 in spastic paraplegia and other neurodegenerative diseases, including spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA), early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) we conducted a mutation analysis of CAPN1 in a cohort of Chinese patients with SPG, SCA, EOPD, and ALS.. Variants of CAPN1 were detected in the three cohorts by Sanger or whole-exome sequencing, and all exons and exon-intron boundaries of CAPN1 were analysed.. A novel CAPN1 splicing variant (NM_001198868: c.338-1G > A) identified in a familial SPG/SCA showed a complex phenotype, including spastic paraplegia, ataxia, and extensor plantar response. This mutation was confirmed by Sanger sequencing and completely co-segregated with the phenotypes. Sequencing of the cDNA from the three affected patients detected a guanine deletion (c.340_340delG) that was predicted to result in an early stop codon after 61 amino acids (p. D114Tfs*62). No CAPN1 pathogenic mutation was found in the EOPD or ALS groups.. Our data reveal a novel CAPN1 mutation found in patients with SPG/SCA and emphasize the spastic and ataxic phenotypes of SPG76, but CAPN1 may not play a major role in EOPD and ALS.

Topics: Calpain; China; DNA Mutational Analysis; Humans; Mutation; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Paraplegia; Pedigree; Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary

Recessive mutations in the CAPN1 gene have recently been identified in spastic paraplegia 76 (SPG76), a complex hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) that is combined with cerebellar ataxia, resulting in an ataxia-spasticity disease spectrum. This study aims to assess the influence of CAPN1 variants on the occurrence of SPG76 and identify factors potentially contributing to phenotypic heterogeneity.. We screened a cohort of 240 unrelated HSP families for variants in CAPN1 using high-throughput sequencing analysis. We described in detail the clinical and genetic features of the SPG76 patients in our cohort and summarized all reported cases.. Our study supports the clinically heterogeneous inter- and intra-family variability of SPG76 patients, and demonstrates that gender and calpain-1 linker structure may contribute to clinical heterogeneity in SPG76 cases.

Topics: Ataxia; Calpain; Cerebellar Ataxia; Female; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Male; Muscle Spasticity; Mutation; Optic Atrophy; Paraplegia; Pedigree; Phenotype; Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary; Spinocerebellar Ataxias

The human iPS cell line, hiPS-SPG76 (FJMUi001-A), derived from skin fibroblasts from a 42-year-old male hereditary spastic paraplegia patient carrying compound heterozygous p.P498L (c.1493C > T) and p.R618W (c.1852C > T) mutations in the CAPN1 gene, was generated by non-integrative reprogramming vectors encoding OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC. The established hiPS-SPG76 was free of genomically integrated reprogramming genes, had a normal karyotype, expressed pluripotency markers, and had capacity to form three germ layers in vitro and in vivo. This generated hiPS cell line offers a useful resource to study the pathogenesis of SPG76.

Topics: Adult; Base Sequence; Calpain; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Line; Heterozygote; Humans; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; Kruppel-Like Factor 4; Male; Mutation; Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary

Topics: Brazil; Calpain; Chronic Disease; Depression; Female; Gait Disorders, Neurologic; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Middle Aged; Mutation, Missense; Phenotype; Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary; Urinary Incontinence

Increasing availability of next-generation sequencing technologies has revealed several limitations of diagnosis-driven traditional clinicogenetic disease classifications, particularly among patients with an atypical or mixed phenotype. Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) and spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) are two such disease entities with an often overlapping presentation, in which next generation exome sequencing has played a key role in identification of genes causing disease along a continuum of ataxia and spasticity. We describe a patient who presented with features of both ataxia and spasticity, in whom initial diagnostic testing was inconclusive. Ultimately next generation exome sequencing identified homozygosity for a pathogenic variant in exon 13 of the

Topics: Adult; Calpain; Family Health; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mutation; Phenotype; Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary; Spinocerebellar Ataxias

Topics: Adult; Alleles; Amino Acid Substitution; Calpain; Consanguinity; Female; Genetic Association Studies; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation; Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary

Topics: Adolescent; Calpain; Family; Humans; Male; Models, Molecular; Mutation; Sequence Alignment; Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary; Spastin

Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous disease characterized by spasticity and weakness of the lower limbs with or without additional neurological symptoms. Although more than 70 genes and genetic loci have been implicated in HSP, many families remain genetically undiagnosed, suggesting that other genetic causes of HSP are still to be identified. HSP can be inherited in an autosomal-dominant, autosomal-recessive, or X-linked manner. In the current study, we performed whole-exome sequencing to analyze a total of nine affected individuals in three families with autosomal-recessive HSP. Rare homozygous and compound-heterozygous nonsense, missense, frameshift, and splice-site mutations in CAPN1 were identified in all affected individuals, and sequencing in additional family members confirmed the segregation of these mutations with the disease (spastic paraplegia 76 [SPG76]). CAPN1 encodes calpain 1, a protease that is widely present in the CNS. Calpain 1 is involved in synaptic plasticity, synaptic restructuring, and axon maturation and maintenance. Three models of calpain 1 deficiency were further studied. In Caenorhabditis elegans, loss of calpain 1 function resulted in neuronal and axonal dysfunction and degeneration. Similarly, loss-of-function of the Drosophila melanogaster ortholog calpain B caused locomotor defects and axonal anomalies. Knockdown of calpain 1a, a CAPN1 ortholog in Danio rerio, resulted in abnormal branchiomotor neuron migration and disorganized acetylated-tubulin axonal networks in the brain. The identification of mutations in CAPN1 in HSP expands our understanding of the disease causes and potential mechanisms.

Topics: Adult; Animals; Axons; Brain; Caenorhabditis elegans; Calpain; Cell Movement; Disease Models, Animal; Drosophila melanogaster; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Male; Motor Neurons; Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary; Young Adult; Zebrafish