calcitonin and Diabetes-Mellitus--Type-2

To explore the reasonable treatment scheme of salmon calciteonin in the treatment of elderly women with type 2 diabetes complicated with osteoporosis, patients were randomly divided into Group A, B and C, and they were given the salmon calcitonin every time 50 IU, subcutaneous injection. The Group A were 1 time a day, for 15 days; Group B were 1 time every 2 days, for 30 days; Group C, one time three days for 90 days. Then to observe the symptoms have efficiency, bone density T value change, incidence rate, incidence of side effects and treatment of loss rate of fracture. Efficiency of symptoms: Group A is lower and there is no difference in Group B and C. T Degree: Group C was significantly increased and Group A was the lowest. Fracture incidence of Group B and C were significantly lower than Group A, and there is no difference in Group B and C. Turnover rate: Group A was significantly lower than B and C, and there is no difference in Group B and C. There is low incidence of side effects in the three groups and they three have no significant difference. It is effective and safe to use salmon calcitonin in the treatment of elderly women with type 2 diabetes complicated with osteoporosis. 50 IU each time, subcutaneous injection, 1 time every 3 days, for 3 months is a reasonable solution.

Topics: Aged; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Calcitonin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Osteoporosis

Oral salmon calcitonin (sCT) has demonstrated clinical efficacy in treating osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. The postmenopausal state is also associated with obesity-related insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the preventive effects of oral sCT on energy and glucose homeostasis in high-fat diet (HFD)- and ovariectomy (OVX)-induced obese rats. Furthermore, the weight-regulatory and gluco-regulatory effects of short-term oral sCT intervention on HFD-induced obese rats were explored.. For prevention, female rats exposed to HFD with or without OVX were treated with oral sCT for 5 weeks. As intervention, HFD-induced obese male rats were treated with oral sCT for 4 days. Body weight, food intake, and plasma glucose, insulin, and leptin levels were measured, and the clinical homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index was calculated. In addition, oral glucose tolerance was evaluated in the systemic and portal circulations.. For prevention, oral sCT reduced body weight by ∼16% to 19% (P < 0.001), reduced plasma insulin and leptin by ∼50%, and improved impaired fasting glycemia (P < 0.05) concomitantly with amelioration of IR (HOMA-IR; P < 0.01) in HFD- and OVX-induced obesity. Furthermore, oral sCT significantly reduced the incremental area under the curve for plasma glucose and insulin by ∼40% and ∼70%, respectively, during glucose tolerance testing. As intervention in HFD-induced obese rats, oral sCT reduced body weight, fasting glycemia, and insulinemia in conjunction with HOMA-IR (P < 0.001). Finally, oral sCT alleviated glucose intolerance predominantly in the portal circulation.. Oral sCT treatment displays weight-regulatory and glucoregulatory efficacy in HFD- and OVX-induced obese rats, indicating the clinical usefulness of oral sCT in postmenopausal obesity-related IR and type 2 diabetes.

Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Calcitonin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; Fasting; Female; Glucose Intolerance; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Leptin; Male; Obesity; Ovariectomy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Oral salmon calcitonin (sCT), a dual-action amylin and calcitonin receptor agonist, improved glucose homeostasis in diet-induced obese rats. Here, we have evaluated the anti-diabetic efficacy of oral sCT using parameters of glycaemic control and beta-cell morphology in male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, a model of type 2 diabetes.. Male ZDF rats were treated with oral sCT (0.5, 1.0 or 2 mg·kg(-1) ) or oral vehicle twice daily from age 8 to 18 weeks. Zucker lean rats served as control group. Fasting and non-fasted blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and levels of pancreas and incretin hormones were determined. Oral glucose tolerance test and i.p. glucose tolerance test were compared, and beta-cell area and function were evaluated.. Oral sCT treatment dose-dependently attenuated fasting and non-fasted hyperglycaemia during the intervention period. At the end of the study period, oral sCT treatment by dose decreased diabetic hyperglycaemia by ∼9 mM and reduced HbA1c levels by 1.7%. Furthermore, a pronounced reduction in glucose excursions was dose-dependently observed for oral sCT treatment during oral glucose tolerance test. In addition, oral sCT treatment sustained hyperinsulinaemia and attenuated hyperglucagonaemia and hypersecretion of total glucagon-like peptide-1 predominantly in the basal state. Lastly, oral sCT treatment dose-dependently improved pancreatic beta-cell function and beta-cell area at study end.. Oral sCT attenuated diabetic hyperglycaemia in male ZDF rats by improving postprandial glycaemic control, exerting an insulinotropic and glucagonostatic action in the basal state and by preserving pancreatic beta-cell function and beta-cell area.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Blood Glucose; Calcitonin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glucose Tolerance Test; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Male; Rats; Rats, Zucker

To investigate the effects of acute and chronic administration of a novel oral formulation of salmon calcitonin (sCT) on glycaemic control, glucose homeostasis and body weight regulation in diet-induced obese (DIO) rats-an animal model of obesity-related insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.. DIO rats were acutely given a single dose of oral sCT (0.5 and 2 mg/kg), its oral vehicle N-(5-chlorosalicyloyl)-8-aminocaprylic acid (5-CNAC) or injectable sCT (5 and 10 µg/kg) (n = 8), followed by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Other DIO rats were chronic treated twice daily with oral vehicle 5-CNAC (n = 6), oral sCT (0.5 and 2 mg/kg) or injectable sCT (10 µg/kg) (n = 8). Fasting and postprandial glucose and pancreatic hormones, body weight and insulin sensitivity were assessed.. A single dose of oral sCT acutely reduced glucose and insulin area under the curve during OGTT by approximately 65 and 85%, respectively, compared with vehicle (p < 0.001). Chronic treatment with oral sCT significantly reduced both fasting and postprandial glucose and insulin levels by approximately 1.5 mM and 65%, respectively, compared with vehicle. Oral sCT concomitantly improved insulin sensitivity (homeostatic model assessment, HOMA). In contrast, injectable sCT resembling higher systemic exposure did not improve glycaemic control, either acutely or during chronic treatment. Furthermore, both oral and injectable sCT reduced body weight by 15% compared with vehicle (p < 0.05).. A novel oral form of sCT showed antidiabetic effects in DIO rats by improving glycaemic control, glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity and body weight.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Anti-Obesity Agents; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Calcitonin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Homeostasis; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Obesity; Rats

The effects of short term administration of 200 MRC U of synthetic salmon calcitonin (sCT) daily on carbohydrate metabolism were investigated in 10 patients with various bone diseases, 3 of whom had type II diabetes mellitus and 3 of whom had impaired glucose tolerance. Blood glucose levels during the nocturnal postabsorptive period, blood glucose and blood insulin (IRI) levels and the ratio of the area under the insulin curve to the area under the glucose curve (AI/AG) after a mixed meal were determined before and after 15 days of treatment. The values before and after sCT treatment were not significantly different, suggesting that high doses of sCT are not diabetogenic and can be given to patients with impaired glucose tolerance or to diabetics, without any risk of deteriorating metabolic control.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Bone Diseases; Calcitonin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Insulin; Male; Middle Aged