calcimycin and Rhinitis--Allergic--Perennial

The antiallergic effects of traditional medicines have long been studied. Traditional Korean medicine, Citrus sunki and bamboo salt, has been used for the treatment of allergic diseases in Korea. K-ALL, composed of Citrus sunki and bamboo salt, is a newly prepared prescription for allergic patients. To develop the new antiallergic agent, we examined the effects of K-ALL through in vivo and in vitro models. K-ALL and naringin (an active compound of K-ALL) significantly inhibited histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. This inhibitory effect of K-ALL on histamine release was higher than effects from other known histamine inhibitors such as bamboo salt, Citrus sunki or disodium cromoglycate. K-ALL significantly inhibited systemic anaphylactic shock induced by the compound 48/80 and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis induced by the IgE. K-ALL also inhibited production and mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and the calcium ionophore A23187 on HMC-1 cells (a human mast cell line). In the ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis animal model, rub scores, histamine, IgE, inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory cell counts were all reduced by the oral or nasal administration of K-ALL (pre and posttreatment). These results indicate the great potential of K-ALL as an active immune modulator for the treatment of mast cell-mediated allergic diseases.

Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Administration, Oral; Anaphylaxis; Animals; Calcimycin; Calcium Ionophores; Carcinogens; Cell Line; Citrus; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Male; Mast Cells; Medicine, Korean Traditional; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rhinitis, Allergic; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate

There is evidence that substance P (SP) is involved in events related to allergic and nonallergic rhinitis. Furthermore, some effects of SP seem to be greater in subjects suffering from allergic rhinitis than in nonallergic subjects. To investigate if these effects may be partly mediated by histamine release (HR) we studied the influence of SP on HR from nasal mucosa of subjects with and without allergic rhinitis using an in vitro organ culture system.. Nasal mucosa of the inferior turbinate was obtained from ten patients suffering from allergic rhinitis and eighteen non-allergic subjects receiving surgical therapy for nasal obstruction.. Tissue samples of nasal mucosa were stimulated with 10(-5) M SP or with 10(-5) M Ca-ionophore A23187 for 120 minutes, and the histamine content was determined in the culture supernatant.. Both SP and Ca-ionophore A23187, caused a significantly higher HR from the samples of the non-allergic group (p < 0.01) compared to baseline controls (spontaneous release). The same effect was seen in the allergic group (p < 0.01 and p = 0.036). Comparing the increase in HR from allergic and non-allergic mucosa, in allergics the HR stimulated by SP was significantly higher (p = 0.031), whereas Ca-ionophore A23187 did not show this effect.. These findings suggest a role of SP in inducing release of histamine from human nasal mucosa, thereby influencing physiologic and pathophysiologic nasal conditions, especially in allergic inflammatory processes.

Topics: Adult; Calcimycin; Female; Histamine Release; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nasal Mucosa; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial; Substance P

In allergic rhinitis, metachromatic cells in the nasal epithelium increase in number and are thought to play an important role in nasal allergic manifestation.. To determine immunohistochemical and functional characteristics of the metachromatic cells, nasal scrapings and their dispersed cells from patients with perennial allergic rhinitis were studied.. Eighty-three percent of all metachromatic cells in dispersed cell preparations were tryptase-positive mast cells (MCT), 10% were tryptase-chymase-positive cells (MCTC), and 7% were negative (n = 10). The mean histamine chymase-positive cells (MCTC), and 7% were negative (n = 10). The mean histamine content per metachromatic cell was 1.9 +/- 2 pg. The histamine content and histamine release from nasal surface scrapings of patients sensitized with mite antigen were strongly correlated with the level of serum IgE antibody for mite antigen. The net histamine release from nasal scraping was antigen-dose-dependent (1:2 x 10(7) to 1:2 x 10(3) dilution), and the antigen stimulated release of up to 17% of cell-associated histamine within 5 to 7 minutes. Histamine release from nasal scrapings induced by calcium ionophore A23187 was up to 21% of cell-associated histamine within 2 to 4 minutes, but no histamine release was stimulated by compound 48/80, substance P, or poly-L-lysine. Histamine release from nasal scrapings was inhibited 46% (10(-5) mol/L) to 96% (10(-4) mol/L) by quercetin and 58% (10(-4) mol/L) to 72% (10(-3) mol/L) by sodium cromoglycate.. These findings show the predominant characteristics of mast cells in the nasal epithelium in allergic rhinitis, and this information may be useful in relation to a therapeutic approach.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Antigens, Dermatophagoides; Calcimycin; Child; Female; Glycoproteins; Histamine Antagonists; Histamine Release; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Mites; Nasal Mucosa; p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine; Polylysine; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial; Staining and Labeling

We examined the biological characteristics of normodense and hypodense eosinophils prepared from the peripheral blood of the patients with allergic rhinitis caused by house dust mites by measuring leukotriene C4 (LTC4), platelet-activating factor (PAF), and superoxide anions. The normodense (density: 1.100-1.095) and the hypodense (density: 1.080-1.070) eosinophils were prepared by a Percoll density gradient. The normodense eosinophils produced a greater amount of LTC4 (15 ng/10(6) cells) after stimulation by calcium ionophore A23187 than the hypodense eosinophils (1.8 ng/10(6) cells). On the other hand, in the hypodense eosinophils higher amounts of both PAF (5210 pg/10(7) cells/15 min) and superoxide anions (0.33 nmoles/10(7) cells/min) were produced by calcium ionophore A23187 than in the normodense eosinophils, 501 pg/10(7) cells/15 min and 0.18 nmoles/10(7) cells/min, respectively. Considering these results, it is suggested that the two eosinophil subpopulations have distinct biological roles in generating these inflammatory mediators which appear as typical pathological features of allergic rhinitis.

Topics: Allergens; Animals; Calcimycin; Cell Separation; Dust; Eosinophils; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Ionophores; Leukotriene C4; Mites; Platelet Activating Factor; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial; Specific Gravity; Superoxides