calca-protein--human and Hypertension

Inflammation is considered as a major effector of arterial damage brought about by salt excess in animal models. In a randomized, single masked, cross-over study in 32 uncomplicated essential hypertensive patients, we assessed the effect of a short-term low-salt diet on biomarkers of innate immunity [procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)], adiponectin (ADPN, an anti-inflammatory cytokine), and leptin.. Patients were randomized to either a 10-20 mmol sodium diet and sodium tablets (180 mEq/day) to achieve a 200 mmol intake per day or the same diet and identical placebo tablets, each for 2 weeks. At the end of each of these periods, all patients underwent a 24-h urine collection, a fasting blood sampling, and a 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.. In parallel with expected increase in plasma renin activity and aldosterone (P<0.001), both PCT (+33%) and TNF-α (9%) rose at low salt intake (P≤0.007) while ADPN underwent an opposite change (- 17%, P<0.001). In a linear regression analysis for repeated measurements, PCT was significantly and inversely related to urinary salt (weighted r=-0.27, P=0.03). Changes in inflammation biomarkers did not differ in salt-sensitive (n=7) and salt-resistant (n=25) patients.. In essential hypertensive patients, a very low salt diet generates a pro-inflammatory phenotype characterized by an increase in PCT and TNF-α and an opposite effect on an anti-inflammatory cytokine like ADPN.

Topics: Aldosterone; Biomarkers; Calcitonin; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Hypertension; Inflammation; Placebos; Protein Precursors; Renin; Single-Blind Method; Sodium Chloride, Dietary

Topics: Biomarkers; Calcitonin; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Cross-Over Studies; Essential Hypertension; Humans; Hypertension; Inflammation; Protein Precursors; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Research Design; Sample Size; Sodium Chloride, Dietary

This study investigated the effects of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) on gut barrier function in critically ill surgical patients.. A prospective observational cohort study on patients with severe acute pancreatitis or abdominal sepsis admitted to an intensive care or high-dependency unit. Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and plasma levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antiendotoxin core antibodies (EndoCAb) and procalcitonin (ProCT) were measured serially.. Among 32 recruited patients, 24 (75%) and 8 patients (25%) developed IAH and ACS, respectively. The state of ACS was associated with significant reductions in plasma IgG EndoCAb (P = 0.015) and IgM EndoCAb (P = 0.016) and higher concentrations of plasma ProCT (P = 0.056) compared with absence of ACS. Resolution of IAH and ACS was associated with significant recovery of plasma IgG EndoCAb (P = 0.003 and P = 0.009, respectively) and IgM EndoCAb (P = 0.002 and P = 0.003, respectively) and reduction in plasma ProCT concentration (P = 0.049 and P = 0.019, respectively). Negative correlations were observed between IAP and plasma IgG EndoCAb (P = 0.003) and IgM EndoCAb (P = 0.002).. Intra-abdominal hypertension and ACS are associated with significantly higher endotoxin exposure and ProCT concentrations, suggestive of gut barrier dysfunction. Resolution of IAH and ACS is associated with evidence for recovery of gut barrier function.

Topics: Abdominal Cavity; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Calcitonin; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Cohort Studies; Compartment Syndromes; Critical Illness; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Protein Precursors

Calcitonin-related peptide alpha (CALCA) is a neuropeptide that is a very potent vasodilator. It has been reported that CALCA knockout mice have a significantly elevated systolic blood pressure (BP). The aims of this study were to discover novel polymorphisms or mutations in the 5' flanking region of the human CALCA gene in Japanese subjects and to assess the association between this gene and essential hypertension (EH).. Japanese patients with EH (50.1 +/- 6.6 years old, n = 274) and age-matched Japanese subjects without EH (51.1 +/- 6.6 years old, n = 225) were recruited. The 5' flanking region of the human CALCA gene was searched to identify novel polymorphisms in the 20 EH patients using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a direct sequencing method. These novel polymorphisms, as well as the known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), were used for genotyping.. We discovered a novel 2-bp microdeletion polymorphism in intron 1. The only three participants with 2-bp microdeletion polymorphism were found in the EH group. None of the subjects without EH had a 2-bp microdeletion polymorphism. The genotype and allele distribution of the 4 SNPs were not significantly different between the groups. All five polymorphisms were located in one haplotype block. The haplotype was constructed using, in order, rs1553005, 2-bp microdeletion polymorphism, and rs5241. There was a significant association between EH and the C-AGins-A haplotype (P = .00031).. A novel 2-bp microdeletion polymorphism was discovered in the CALCA gene. Based on the results of the haplotype-based case control study, the CALCA gene could be the susceptibility gene for EH.

Topics: Calcitonin; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Female; Gene Expression; Gene Frequency; Genetic Linkage; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Haplotypes; Humans; Hypertension; Introns; Japan; Male; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Genetic; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Protein Precursors; Sequence Deletion