caffeine has been researched along with Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic in 27 studies
Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
---|---|---|
"Caffeine intake is associated with a reduced risk developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated." | 7.91 | Caffeine-stimulated muscle IL-6 mediates alleviation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. ( Akira, S; Cai, X; Fang, C; Fujiwara, N; Hao, S; Hayashi, S; Nishiguchi, S; Sakiyama, H; Sheng, J; Tsutsui, H; Wang, X; Yang, Q, 2019) |
"Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and caffeine in tea exert anti-obesity effects and induces nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) amelioration." | 7.91 | Coadministration of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and caffeine in low dose ameliorates obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obese rats. ( An, HM; Huang, JA; Lin, HY; Liu, ZH; Ou, XC; Wen, BB; Xiong, YF; Yang, Z; Zhang, YB; Zhu, MZ, 2019) |
"This study aimed to evaluate female adult offspring induced by prenatal caffeine exposure (PCE) are susceptible to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to explore the underlying programming mechanisms." | 7.91 | Prenatal caffeine exposure increases the susceptibility to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in female offspring rats via activation of GR-C/EBPα-SIRT1 pathway. ( Hu, S; Luo, H; Wang, H; Xia, L; Xu, D; Xu, Y; Yu, H, 2019) |
"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is much more frequent and more severe, including cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with type 2 diabetes." | 7.01 | Effects of supplementation with main coffee components including caffeine and/or chlorogenic acid on hepatic, metabolic, and inflammatory indices in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-c ( Adibi, H; Hekmatdoost, A; Mansour, A; Merat, S; Mohajeri-Tehrani, MR; Poustchi, H; Qorbani, M; Samadi, M, 2021) |
"Severe NAFLD appeared with higher Kleiner scores." | 5.40 | Intrauterine metabolic programming alteration increased susceptibility to non-alcoholic adult fatty liver disease in prenatal caffeine-exposed rat offspring. ( Chen, L; Huang, H; Liu, Y; Liu, Z; Ping, J; Shen, L; Wang, H; Wang, L; Wu, Y; Zhang, L, 2014) |
"The association of CC with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has not been established." | 5.38 | Association of coffee and caffeine consumption with fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and degree of hepatic fibrosis. ( Calcagno, CJ; Harrison, SA; Jones, FJ; Molloy, JW; Torres, DM; Williams, CD, 2012) |
"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, is the most common cause of primary liver disease." | 5.38 | Caffeine is protective in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. ( Birerdinc, A; Pawloski, L; Stepanova, M; Younossi, ZM, 2012) |
"The CBT was applied to 48 patients with NAFLD." | 5.37 | Non-invasive estimation of liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease using the 13 C-caffeine breath test. ( Fung, C; George, J; Katelaris, PH; Ngu, MC; Park, GJ; Seow, F; Wiseman, E, 2011) |
" We used a combination of the keywords "coffee", "caffeine", "tea", "non-alcoholic fatty liver disease", "non-alcoholic steatohepatitis", "metabolic syndrome"." | 4.93 | Coffee and tea consumption in relation with non-alcoholic fatty liver and metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. ( Del Rio, D; Godos, J; Grosso, G; Marventano, S; Mistretta, A; Pluchinotta, F; Salomone, F, 2016) |
"Caffeine intake is associated with a reduced risk developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated." | 3.91 | Caffeine-stimulated muscle IL-6 mediates alleviation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. ( Akira, S; Cai, X; Fang, C; Fujiwara, N; Hao, S; Hayashi, S; Nishiguchi, S; Sakiyama, H; Sheng, J; Tsutsui, H; Wang, X; Yang, Q, 2019) |
"Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and caffeine in tea exert anti-obesity effects and induces nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) amelioration." | 3.91 | Coadministration of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and caffeine in low dose ameliorates obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obese rats. ( An, HM; Huang, JA; Lin, HY; Liu, ZH; Ou, XC; Wen, BB; Xiong, YF; Yang, Z; Zhang, YB; Zhu, MZ, 2019) |
"This study aimed to evaluate female adult offspring induced by prenatal caffeine exposure (PCE) are susceptible to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to explore the underlying programming mechanisms." | 3.91 | Prenatal caffeine exposure increases the susceptibility to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in female offspring rats via activation of GR-C/EBPα-SIRT1 pathway. ( Hu, S; Luo, H; Wang, H; Xia, L; Xu, D; Xu, Y; Yu, H, 2019) |
"The beneficial effect of caffeine-containing food on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been widely reported." | 3.81 | Caffeine ameliorates high energy diet-induced hepatic steatosis: sirtuin 3 acts as a bridge in the lipid metabolism pathway. ( Cao, LF; Chen, M; He, RR; Kurihara, H; Li, YF; Mao, GW; Tan, RR; Tsoi, B; Wang, GE; Wang, Q; Zhai, YJ; Zhang, SJ, 2015) |
"Caffeine, the main component of coffee, has showed its protective effect on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in many studies." | 3.81 | Caffeine reduces hepatic lipid accumulation through regulation of lipogenesis and ER stress in zebrafish larvae. ( Chen, X; Dai, W; Hou, J; Liu, L; Wang, K; Zhang, W; Zheng, X, 2015) |
"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is much more frequent and more severe, including cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with type 2 diabetes." | 3.01 | Effects of supplementation with main coffee components including caffeine and/or chlorogenic acid on hepatic, metabolic, and inflammatory indices in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-c ( Adibi, H; Hekmatdoost, A; Mansour, A; Merat, S; Mohajeri-Tehrani, MR; Poustchi, H; Qorbani, M; Samadi, M, 2021) |
" This study aimed to build a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model reflecting observed changes in physiological and molecular parameters relevant to drug disposition that are associated with MAFLD." | 2.82 | A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model to Predict the Impact of Metabolic Changes Associated with Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease on Drug Exposure. ( Newman, EM; Rowland, A, 2022) |
"Caffeine was administered orally at a daily dose of 50 mg/kg body weight during the period of NASH induction to evaluate its ability to prevent disease development." | 1.91 | The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of caffeine effectively attenuate nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and thioacetamide-induced hepatic injury in male rats. ( Acero-Hernández, C; Cardoso-Lezama, I; Galindo-Gómez, S; Muriel, P; Ramos-Tovar, E; Tsutsumi, V; Vargas-Pozada, EE, 2023) |
"Caffeine treatment significantly decreased the elevated serum ALT, AST, and bilirubin and increased the reduced albumin level." | 1.48 | Caffeine affects HFD-induced hepatic steatosis by multifactorial intervention. ( Ayoub, SE; Elkashefand, WF; Helal, MG; Ibrahim, TM, 2018) |
"Metabolic syndrome is one of the most important health issues worldwide." | 1.46 | Daily Coffee Intake Inhibits Pancreatic Beta Cell Damage and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in a Mouse Model of Spontaneous Metabolic Syndrome, Tsumura-Suzuki Obese Diabetic Mice. ( Baba, H; Morimoto, Y; Ogawa, H; Takahashi, T; Tsunematsu, T; Tsuneyama, K; Uehara, H; Watanabe, S, 2017) |
"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) characterizes and predicts T2DM yet the relationship of coffee with this disorder remains unclear." | 1.42 | Associations of coffee consumption with markers of liver injury in the insulin resistance atherosclerosis study. ( Dickson, JC; Haffner, SM; Hamren, SJ; Hanley, AJ; Liese, AD; Lorenzo, C; Stiles, JK; Wagenknecht, LE; Watkins, SM, 2015) |
"Severe NAFLD appeared with higher Kleiner scores." | 1.40 | Intrauterine metabolic programming alteration increased susceptibility to non-alcoholic adult fatty liver disease in prenatal caffeine-exposed rat offspring. ( Chen, L; Huang, H; Liu, Y; Liu, Z; Ping, J; Shen, L; Wang, H; Wang, L; Wu, Y; Zhang, L, 2014) |
"The association of CC with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has not been established." | 1.38 | Association of coffee and caffeine consumption with fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and degree of hepatic fibrosis. ( Calcagno, CJ; Harrison, SA; Jones, FJ; Molloy, JW; Torres, DM; Williams, CD, 2012) |
"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, is the most common cause of primary liver disease." | 1.38 | Caffeine is protective in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. ( Birerdinc, A; Pawloski, L; Stepanova, M; Younossi, ZM, 2012) |
"The CBT was applied to 48 patients with NAFLD." | 1.37 | Non-invasive estimation of liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease using the 13 C-caffeine breath test. ( Fung, C; George, J; Katelaris, PH; Ngu, MC; Park, GJ; Seow, F; Wiseman, E, 2011) |
Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
---|---|---|
pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
1990's | 0 (0.00) | 18.2507 |
2000's | 0 (0.00) | 29.6817 |
2010's | 18 (66.67) | 24.3611 |
2020's | 9 (33.33) | 2.80 |
Authors | Studies |
---|---|
Fan, Z | 1 |
Wang, C | 1 |
Yang, T | 1 |
Gao, T | 1 |
Wang, D | 1 |
Zhao, X | 1 |
Guo, X | 2 |
Li, D | 1 |
Kakiyama, G | 1 |
Minowa, K | 1 |
Rodriguez-Agudo, D | 1 |
Martin, R | 1 |
Takei, H | 1 |
Mitamura, K | 1 |
Ikegawa, S | 1 |
Suzuki, M | 1 |
Nittono, H | 1 |
Fuchs, M | 1 |
Heuman, DM | 1 |
Zhou, H | 1 |
Pandak, WM | 1 |
Newman, EM | 1 |
Rowland, A | 1 |
Vargas-Pozada, EE | 1 |
Ramos-Tovar, E | 1 |
Acero-Hernández, C | 1 |
Cardoso-Lezama, I | 1 |
Galindo-Gómez, S | 1 |
Tsutsumi, V | 1 |
Muriel, P | 1 |
Dranoff, JA | 1 |
Zhang, C | 1 |
Zhang, D | 1 |
Huang, H | 2 |
Lu, X | 1 |
Shi, H | 1 |
Liu, K | 1 |
Zhang, R | 1 |
Wang, H | 4 |
Velázquez, AM | 1 |
Roglans, N | 1 |
Bentanachs, R | 1 |
Gené, M | 1 |
Sala-Vila, A | 1 |
Lázaro, I | 1 |
Rodríguez-Morató, J | 1 |
Sánchez, RM | 1 |
Laguna, JC | 1 |
Alegret, M | 1 |
Mansour, A | 1 |
Mohajeri-Tehrani, MR | 1 |
Samadi, M | 1 |
Qorbani, M | 1 |
Merat, S | 1 |
Adibi, H | 1 |
Poustchi, H | 1 |
Hekmatdoost, A | 1 |
Sewter, R | 1 |
Heaney, S | 1 |
Patterson, A | 1 |
Watanabe, S | 1 |
Takahashi, T | 1 |
Ogawa, H | 1 |
Uehara, H | 1 |
Tsunematsu, T | 1 |
Baba, H | 1 |
Morimoto, Y | 1 |
Tsuneyama, K | 1 |
Helal, MG | 1 |
Ayoub, SE | 1 |
Elkashefand, WF | 1 |
Ibrahim, TM | 1 |
Fang, C | 1 |
Cai, X | 1 |
Hayashi, S | 1 |
Hao, S | 1 |
Sakiyama, H | 1 |
Wang, X | 1 |
Yang, Q | 1 |
Akira, S | 1 |
Nishiguchi, S | 1 |
Fujiwara, N | 1 |
Tsutsui, H | 1 |
Sheng, J | 1 |
Yang, Z | 1 |
Zhu, MZ | 1 |
Zhang, YB | 1 |
Wen, BB | 1 |
An, HM | 1 |
Ou, XC | 1 |
Xiong, YF | 1 |
Lin, HY | 1 |
Liu, ZH | 1 |
Huang, JA | 1 |
Hu, S | 2 |
Xia, L | 1 |
Luo, H | 1 |
Xu, Y | 1 |
Yu, H | 1 |
Xu, D | 1 |
He, B | 1 |
Wen, Y | 1 |
Wang, G | 1 |
Hu, W | 1 |
Magdalou, J | 1 |
Chen, L | 2 |
Saab, S | 1 |
Mallam, D | 1 |
Cox, GA | 1 |
Tong, MJ | 1 |
Wang, L | 1 |
Shen, L | 1 |
Ping, J | 1 |
Zhang, L | 1 |
Liu, Z | 1 |
Wu, Y | 1 |
Liu, Y | 1 |
Zhang, SJ | 1 |
Li, YF | 1 |
Wang, GE | 1 |
Tan, RR | 1 |
Tsoi, B | 1 |
Mao, GW | 1 |
Zhai, YJ | 1 |
Cao, LF | 1 |
Chen, M | 1 |
Kurihara, H | 1 |
Wang, Q | 1 |
He, RR | 1 |
Dickson, JC | 1 |
Liese, AD | 1 |
Lorenzo, C | 1 |
Haffner, SM | 1 |
Watkins, SM | 1 |
Hamren, SJ | 1 |
Stiles, JK | 1 |
Wagenknecht, LE | 1 |
Hanley, AJ | 1 |
Graeter, T | 1 |
Niedermayer, PC | 1 |
Mason, RA | 1 |
Oeztuerk, S | 1 |
Haenle, MM | 1 |
Koenig, W | 1 |
Boehm, BO | 1 |
Kratzer, W | 1 |
Zheng, X | 1 |
Dai, W | 1 |
Chen, X | 1 |
Wang, K | 1 |
Zhang, W | 1 |
Liu, L | 1 |
Hou, J | 1 |
Marventano, S | 1 |
Salomone, F | 1 |
Godos, J | 1 |
Pluchinotta, F | 1 |
Del Rio, D | 1 |
Mistretta, A | 1 |
Grosso, G | 1 |
Park, GJ | 1 |
Wiseman, E | 1 |
George, J | 1 |
Katelaris, PH | 1 |
Seow, F | 1 |
Fung, C | 1 |
Ngu, MC | 1 |
Molloy, JW | 1 |
Calcagno, CJ | 1 |
Williams, CD | 1 |
Jones, FJ | 1 |
Torres, DM | 1 |
Harrison, SA | 1 |
Birerdinc, A | 1 |
Stepanova, M | 1 |
Pawloski, L | 1 |
Younossi, ZM | 1 |
Panchal, SK | 1 |
Poudyal, H | 1 |
Waanders, J | 1 |
Brown, L | 1 |
Anty, R | 1 |
Marjoux, S | 1 |
Iannelli, A | 1 |
Patouraux, S | 1 |
Schneck, AS | 1 |
Bonnafous, S | 1 |
Gire, C | 1 |
Amzolini, A | 1 |
Ben-Amor, I | 1 |
Saint-Paul, MC | 1 |
Mariné-Barjoan, E | 1 |
Pariente, A | 1 |
Gugenheim, J | 1 |
Gual, P | 1 |
Tran, A | 1 |
5 reviews available for caffeine and Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic
Article | Year |
---|---|
A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model to Predict the Impact of Metabolic Changes Associated with Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease on Drug Exposure.
Topics: Animals; Caffeine; Clozapine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Dextromethorp | 2022 |
Coffee as chemoprotectant in fatty liver disease: caffeine-dependent and caffeine-independent effects.
Topics: Caffeine; Coffee; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease | 2023 |
Coffee Consumption and the Progression of NAFLD: A Systematic Review.
Topics: Caffeine; Coffee; Cross-Sectional Studies; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Mal | 2021 |
Impact of coffee on liver diseases: a systematic review.
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Antiviral Agents; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Caffeine; Carcinoma, Hepatocell | 2014 |
Coffee and tea consumption in relation with non-alcoholic fatty liver and metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
Topics: Caffeine; Coffee; Diet; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; MEDLINE; Metabolic Syndrome; Non-alcoholic Fatty Li | 2016 |
1 trial available for caffeine and Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic
Article | Year |
---|---|
Effects of supplementation with main coffee components including caffeine and/or chlorogenic acid on hepatic, metabolic, and inflammatory indices in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-c
Topics: Caffeine; Chlorogenic Acid; Coffee; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Met | 2021 |
21 other studies available for caffeine and Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic
Article | Year |
---|---|
Coffee peel extracts ameliorate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Topics: Adiponectin; Animals; Caffeine; Coffee; Diet, High-Fat; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Flavonoids; Liver | 2022 |
Coffee modulates insulin-hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α-Cyp7b1 pathway and reduces oxysterol-driven liver toxicity in a nonalcoholic fatty liver disease mouse model.
Topics: Animals; Caffeine; Cholesterol; Coffee; Cytochrome P450 Family 7; Disease Models, Animal; Hepatitis; | 2022 |
The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of caffeine effectively attenuate nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and thioacetamide-induced hepatic injury in male rats.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Caffeine; Cytokines; Humans; Liver; Male; NF-E2-Rel | 2023 |
Cathepsin D mediates prenatal caffeine exposure-caused NAFLD susceptibility in male rat offspring by regulating autophagy.
Topics: Animals; Autophagy; Caffeine; Cathepsin D; Corticosterone; Female; Humans; Male; MicroRNAs; Non-alco | 2023 |
Effects of a Low Dose of Caffeine Alone or as Part of a Green Coffee Extract, in a Rat Dietary Model of Lean Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease without Inflammation.
Topics: Animals; Caffeine; Coffee; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Fats; Dietary Supplements; Disease Models, Animal | 2020 |
Daily Coffee Intake Inhibits Pancreatic Beta Cell Damage and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in a Mouse Model of Spontaneous Metabolic Syndrome, Tsumura-Suzuki Obese Diabetic Mice.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Caffeine; Coffee; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hyperlipidemias; Insulin-Secreting Cell | 2017 |
Caffeine affects HFD-induced hepatic steatosis by multifactorial intervention.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Biomarkers; Caffeine; Cytoprotection; Diet, High-Fa | 2018 |
Caffeine-stimulated muscle IL-6 mediates alleviation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Topics: Adipocytes; Animals; Caffeine; Diet, High-Fat; Disease Models, Animal; Hepatocytes; Interleukin-6; L | 2019 |
Coadministration of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and caffeine in low dose ameliorates obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obese rats.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Caffeine; Catechin; Diet, High-Fat; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug The | 2019 |
Prenatal caffeine exposure increases the susceptibility to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in female offspring rats via activation of GR-C/EBPα-SIRT1 pathway.
Topics: Animals; Caffeine; CCAAT-Binding Factor; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Non-alcoholic Fat | 2019 |
Prenatal caffeine exposure induces liver developmental dysfunction in offspring rats.
Topics: Animals; Caffeine; Corticosterone; Female; Fetal Development; Fetal Growth Retardation; Gene Express | 2019 |
Intrauterine metabolic programming alteration increased susceptibility to non-alcoholic adult fatty liver disease in prenatal caffeine-exposed rat offspring.
Topics: Algorithms; Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Fatty | 2014 |
Caffeine ameliorates high energy diet-induced hepatic steatosis: sirtuin 3 acts as a bridge in the lipid metabolism pathway.
Topics: Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Caffeine; CREB-Binding Protein; Diet | 2015 |
Associations of coffee consumption with markers of liver injury in the insulin resistance atherosclerosis study.
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Biomarkers; Caffeine; Co | 2015 |
Coffee consumption and NAFLD: a community based study on 1223 subjects.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Body Mass Index; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Sti | 2015 |
Caffeine reduces hepatic lipid accumulation through regulation of lipogenesis and ER stress in zebrafish larvae.
Topics: Animals; Caffeine; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; Humans; Lipids; Lipogenesis; Liver; Non-alcoholic F | 2015 |
Non-invasive estimation of liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease using the 13 C-caffeine breath test.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analysis of Variance; Biopsy; Breath Tests; Caffeine; Case-Control S | 2011 |
Association of coffee and caffeine consumption with fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and degree of hepatic fibrosis.
Topics: Age Factors; Alanine Transaminase; Body Mass Index; Caffeine; Coffee; Fatty Liver; Female; Glycated | 2012 |
Caffeine is protective in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Caffeine; Diet; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Liver; Male; Middle Age | 2012 |
Coffee extract attenuates changes in cardiovascular and hepatic structure and function without decreasing obesity in high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed male rats.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Obesity Agents; Caffeine; Coffee; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Sucrose; Diterpenes; Fatty L | 2012 |
Regular coffee but not espresso drinking is protective against fibrosis in a cohort mainly composed of morbidly obese European women with NAFLD undergoing bariatric surgery.
Topics: Adult; Bariatric Surgery; Biopsy; Cacao; Caffeine; Coffee; Cohort Studies; Cola; Comorbidity; Europe | 2012 |