c-peptide and Dyslipidemias

We have previously demonstrated abnormalities in insulin secretion in adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) in response to the mixed meal test and to glucagon. In order to further assess beta-cell function in DM2, we measured insulin and C-peptide responses to oral glucose in adolescents with DM2 in comparison to non-diabetic obese and lean adolescents. We studied 20 patients with DM2, 25 obese adolescents with matching body mass index (BMI) (33.8 +/- 1.4 vs 34.3 +/- 1.0 kg/m2), and 12 non-obese control adolescents (BMI 22.6 +/- 0.6 kg/m2). Mean age, sex and sexual maturation did not differ between the three groups. All adolescents with DM2 had negative islet cell antibodies (ICA); five patients were on diet and 15 on insulin treatment. Fasting lipid profiles were determined in all participants. Plasma glucose and serum C-peptide and insulin levels were measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after an oral glucose load. The C-peptide increment (deltaCP) was calculated as peak minus fasting C-peptide. Area under the curve (AUC) was estimated using the trapezoid method. Insulin resistance was estimated using the HOMA model (HOMA-IR). The first phase of insulin secretion (PH1) was computed using a previously published formula. Serum triglyceride levels were significantly higher in the patients with DM2 compared to the non-obese controls (1.4 +/- 0.1 vs 0.9 +/- 0.1 mmol/l; p = 0.02). Plasma glucose AUC was greater in the patients with DM2 compared to the obese and non-obese control groups (1,660 +/- 130 vs 717 +/- 17 vs 647 +/- 14 mmol/l x min; p < 0.0001). ACP was lower in adolescents with DM2 than in obese and non-obese adolescents (761 +/- 132 vs 1,721 +/- 165 vs 1,225 +/- 165 pmol/l; p < 0.001). Insulin AUC was lower in the patients with DM2 compared to obese controls (888 +/- 206 vs 1,606 +/- 166 pmol/l x h; p = 0.009), but comparable to that of the non-obese controls (888 +/- 206 vs 852 +/- 222 pmol/l x h; p = 0.9). Insulin AUC was also higher in the obese than in the non-obese group (p = 0.05). PH1 was significantly higher in the obese group compared to the patients with DM2 as well as to the non-obese controls (2,614 +/- 2,47.9 vs 929.6 +/- 403.5 vs 1,946 +/- 300.6 pmol/l, respectively; p = 0.001). PH1 was also higher in the non-obese controls than in the patients with DM2 (p = 0.05). HOMA-IR was three-fold higher in the patients with DM2 than in the BMI-matched obese group, and five-fold higher than in the lean controls (14.3 +/- 1.2 vs 5.4

Topics: Adolescent; Black or African American; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Child; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dyslipidemias; Female; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Male; Obesity; Reference Values; Triglycerides

Weight gain in breast cancer patients during treatment is prevalent; the metabolic implications of this weight gain are poorly understood. We aimed to characterize glucose metabolism in breast cancer patients near the initiation of chemotherapy.. Stage I-II breast cancer patients (n = 8) were evaluated near the initiation of chemotherapy and compared with a group of age- and body mass index-matched, as well as a group of young healthy, non-malignant females. Fasting blood samples (analyzed for lipids and cytokines) were taken and an oral glucose tolerance test was performed. Body composition, waist circumference, diet, cardiovascular fitness and muscle strength were evaluated.. Breast cancer patients were abdominally obese (mean ± SD: 94.6 ± 14.0 cm), overweight (28.8 ± 6.0 kg/m(2)) and dyslipidemic (triacylglycerides: 1.84 ± 1.17 mM; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: 1.08 ± 0.23 mM). Compared to non-malignant matched females, fasting glucose and insulin concentrations were similar but fasting c-peptide was greater in patients (2.6 ± 1.2 ng/mL vs. 1.9 ± 0.8 ng/mL, p = 0.005). Glucose was elevated to a greater extent in patients during the oral glucose tolerance test compared with all non-malignant females. During the glucose tolerance test, c-peptide, but not insulin, remained elevated in patients compared with all non-malignant females. No differences in body composition, serum cytokines, nutrition or exercise capacity between patients and matched, non-malignant females emerged.. Breast cancer patients present with unhealthy metabolic features early in the disease trajectory. Future investigations need to examine the underlying mechanisms and the potential longitudinal changes following chemotherapy.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Breast Neoplasms; C-Peptide; Cholesterol, HDL; Cytokines; Diet Records; Dyslipidemias; Energy Intake; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Middle Aged; Motor Activity; Muscle Strength; Obesity; Waist Circumference; Weight Gain; Young Adult

The prevalence of adolescents' obesity and overweight has dramatically elevated in China. Obese children were likely to insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, which are risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. However there was no cut-off point of anthropometric values to predict the risk factors in Chinese adolescents. The present study was to investigate glycolipid metabolism status of adolescents in Shanghai and to explore the correlations between body mass index standard deviation score (BMI-SDS) and metabolic indices, determine the best cut-off value of BMI-SDS to predict dyslipidemia.. Fifteen schools in Shanghai's two districts were chosen by cluster sampling and primary screening was done in children aged 9-15 years old. After screening of bodyweight and height, overweight and obese adolescents and age-matched children with normal body weight were randomly recruited in the study. Anthropometric measurements, biochemical measurements of glycolipid profiles were done. SPSS19.0 was used to analyze the data. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were made and the best cut-off values of BMI-SDS to predict dyslipidemia were determined while the Youden indices were maximum.. Five hundred and thirty-eight adolescents were enrolled in this research, among which 283 have normal bodyweight, 115 were overweight and 140 were obese. No significant differences of the ages among 3 groups were found. There were significant differences of WC-SDS (p<0.001), triacylglycerol (p<0.05), high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0.01), fasting insulin (p<0.01) and C-peptide (p<0.001) among 3 groups. Significant difference of fasting glucose was only found between normal weight and overweight group. Significant difference of total cholesterol was found between obese and normal weight group. There was no significant difference of glycated hemoglobin among 3 groups. The same tendency was found in boys but not in girls. Only HDL-C reduced and TG increased while BMI elevated in girls. The best cut-off value of BMI-SDS was 1.22 to predict dyslipidemia in boys. The BMI cut-off was 21.67 in boys.. Overweight and obese youths had reduced insulin sensitivity and high prevalence of dyslipidemia.When BMI-SDS elevated up to 1.22 and BMI was higher than 21.67 in boys, dyslipidemia may happen.

Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Child; China; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dyslipidemias; Female; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Male; Obesity; Prevalence; Prognosis; Risk Factors; ROC Curve; Sex Factors; Triglycerides

Caloric sweetened beverages have been suggested to be a major dietary contributor to weight gain, particularly among adolescents. Dietary recommendations are for moderating intakes of added sugars; however, the question remains whether certain types of sugars should be limited. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of drinking different caloric sweetened beverages on the development of adiposity, metabolic, and endocrine disorders. Young (age 28 days) female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 8-9 rats/group) were randomly assigned to drink either deionized distilled water (ddH2O) or ddH2O sweetened with 13% (w/v) glucose, sucrose, fructose or high fructose corn syrup 55 (HFCS-55) for 8 weeks. Rats drinking caloric sweetened solutions failed to completely compensate for liquid calories ingested by reducing their consumption of solid food. This resulted in greater total energy intake compared to the ddH2O control; however, there was no significant difference in total energy intake between rats drinking sucrose, fructose or HFCS-55. Of the different caloric sweeteners, only rats drinking HFCS-55 had greater (P < 0.05) final body weights and fat mass compared to the rats drinking ddH2O or glucose solution. This may have occurred because drinking HFCS-55 solution promoted a faster body weight gain. Adiposity induced by caloric sweetened water was not accompanied by metabolic disorders indicated by the absence of dyslipidemia and no differences in fasting serum glucose, insulin or C-peptide among the treatment groups. However, rats drinking HFCS-55 showed lengthened estrous cycles due to prolonged estrus. Based on this study, the type of caloric sweetener added to beverages should be considered when making dietary recommendation for reducing excess body weight and related health risk.

Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; C-Peptide; Dyslipidemias; Energy Intake; Fat Body; Female; Insulin; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reproduction; Sweetening Agents

The aim of this study was to evaluate the variation of fasting serum C-peptide (S-CPR) levels, as a marker for endogenous insulin secretion after admission in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).. S-CPR levels together with other metabolic factors were measured in 234 T2DM patients twice: at the beginning and at the end of admission for the control of blood sugar levels. As a result, patients were classified into two groups according to their changes of S-CPR (DeltaS-CPR), which consisted of patients whose S-CPR levels had decreased (group D) and increased (group I) after admission.. Patients allocated to group I showed younger age, shorter duration of diabetes, and lower basal S-CPR level compared to group D. Conversely, patients in group D showed higher levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HS-CRP) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity compared to group I, suggesting patients in this group are prone to atherosclerosis. DeltaS-CPR was positively correlated with the change of body mass index, waist circumference, and triglycerides in group D. On the other hand, DeltaS-CPR was negatively correlated with the change of HS-CRP in group I, indicating residual beta-cell function could be recovered by the amelioration of inflammatory status in pancreatic islets.. It is plausible that Japanese T2DM patients could be classified according to the variation of S-CPR after admission. Evaluation of basal and the variation of S-CPR could provide advantageous information for the management of diabetes mellitus or related disorders.

Topics: Aged; Aging; Alcohol Drinking; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; Diet, Reducing; Dyslipidemias; Exercise; Fasting; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Japan; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Admission; Patient Discharge; Statistics as Topic

Genotype-3 of hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been associated with serum lipid changes (reversible with sustained viral response) and liver steatosis.. To characterize the relationships among hepatic steatosis, cholesterol and sustained viral response in these patients.. Patients (n = 215) with chronic hepatitis C (157 with genotype-1 of HCV) had age, body mass index, gender, alcohol intake, glycaemia, serum lipids, transaminases, grade and stage (METAVIR and Scheuer), degree of liver steatosis, sustained viral response, insulinaemia, leptinaemia, beta-hydroxybutyrate and glycerol measured, and were compared with 32 hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected subjects.. Genotype-3 of HCV patients had age-adjusted hypocholesterolaemia and more frequent hepatic steatosis (P < 0.001). Steatosis was inversely correlated with serum cholesterol (P < 0.01) and directly with viral load (P < 0.03). In patients with genotype-3 of HCV and sustained viral response, serum cholesterol increased from 138 (95% CI: 120-151) to 180 mg/dL (95% CI: 171-199) 12 months after treatment conclusion (P < 0.0001). By contrast, cholesterol values were unchanged in genotype-3 of HCV non-responders and in patients with genotype-1 of HCV regardless of response. Rising cholesterol in sustained viral response did not parallel the changes in beta-hydroxybutyrate.. Besides causing hepatic steatosis, genotype-3 specifically decreases serum cholesterol. This interference with the metabolic lipid pathway is related to viral load, is reversed with sustained viral response, and seems unrelated to mitochondrial dysfunction.

Topics: C-Peptide; Cholesterol; Dyslipidemias; Fatty Liver; Female; Genotype; Hepatitis C, Chronic; Humans; Leptin; Male; Middle Aged