bupropion and Weight Loss studies

Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.
bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" The authors tested the effectiveness of naltrexone-bupropion and behavioral weight loss therapy (BWL), alone and combined, for binge-eating disorder comorbid with obesity."	9.51	Naltrexone-Bupropion and Behavior Therapy, Alone and Combined, for Binge-Eating Disorder: Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial. ( Fineberg, SK; Grilo, CM; Gueorguieva, R; Ivezaj, V; Lydecker, JA; Moreno, JO, 2022)
" The new combination of naltrexone and bupropion sustained release (NB) has proved to be effective for weight loss among obese patients."	9.41	An open-label trial on the efficacy and tolerability of naltrexone/bupropion SR for treating altered eating behaviours and weight loss in binge eating disorder. ( Aloi, M; Arturi, F; Calabrò, G; Carbone, EA; Caroleo, M; Condoleo, F; de Filippis, R; Rania, M; Segura-Garcia, C; Staltari, FA, 2021)
"This study assessed the effects of 32 mg naltrexone sustained release (SR)/360 mg bupropion SR (NB) on body weight in adults with obesity, with comprehensive lifestyle intervention (CLI), for 78 weeks."	9.24	Method-of-use study of naltrexone sustained release (SR)/bupropion SR on body weight in individuals with obesity. ( Fujioka, K; Gilder, K; Halseth, A; Shan, K; Walsh, B, 2017)
"To examine the effects of naltrexone/bupropion (NB) combination therapy on weight and weight-related risk factors in overweight and obese participants."	9.17	A randomized, phase 3 trial of naltrexone SR/bupropion SR on weight and obesity-related risk factors (COR-II). ( Apovian, CM; Aronne, L; Burns, C; Dunayevich, E; Kim, D; Rubino, D; Still, C; Wyatt, H, 2013)
"Bupropion was well tolerated and produced significantly greater-albeit quite modest-short-term weight loss in overweight and obese women with BED."	9.17	Bupropion for overweight women with binge-eating disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. ( Grilo, CM; White, MA, 2013)
"To assess the efficacy and safety of 32 mg naltrexone sustained-release (SR)/360 mg bupropion SR (NB) in overweight/obese individuals with type 2 diabetes with or without background oral antidiabetes drugs."	9.17	Effects of naltrexone sustained-release/bupropion sustained-release combination therapy on body weight and glycemic parameters in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Bays, H; Burns, C; Fujioka, K; Greenway, F; Gupta, AK; Hollander, P; Klassen, P; Plodkowski, R, 2013)
"A sustained-release combination of naltrexone plus bupropion could be a useful therapeutic option for treatment of obesity."	9.14	Effect of naltrexone plus bupropion on weight loss in overweight and obese adults (COR-I): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. ( Dunayevich, E; Erickson, J; Fujioka, K; Greenway, FL; Guttadauria, M; Kim, DD; Mudaliar, S; Plodkowski, RA, 2010)
"Our objective was to determine whether opioid receptor antagonism (naltrexone) plus pro-opiomelanocortin activation (bupropion) causes greater weight loss than placebo or monotherapy."	9.14	Comparison of combined bupropion and naltrexone therapy for obesity with monotherapy and placebo. ( Cowley, MA; Dunayevich, E; Erickson, J; Fujioka, K; Greenway, FL; Guttadauria, M; Tollefson, G, 2009)
"In this short-term, open-label, preliminary trial, combination treatment of zonisamide and bupropion resulted in more weight loss than treatment with zonisamide alone."	9.12	Combination therapy of zonisamide and bupropion for weight reduction in obese women: a preliminary, randomized, open-label study. ( Foust, MS; Gadde, KM; Wagner, HR; Yonish, GM, 2007)
"To examine the effectiveness of bupropion in reducing bodyweight gained during treatment with olanzapine."	9.12	Bupropion treatment of olanzapine-associated weight gain: an open-label, prospective trial. ( Foust, MS; Gadde, KM; Zhang, W, 2006)
"Bupropion SR in combination with a 500 kcal/d-deficit diet facilitated weight loss."	9.10	Bupropion SR vs. placebo for weight loss in obese patients with depressive symptoms. ( Allison, DB; Brewer, ER; Buaron, KS; Gadde, KM; Haight, B; Jain, AK; Jamerson, BD; Kaplan, RA; Leadbetter, RA; Metz, A; Richard, N; Wadden, TA, 2002)
"To critically examine the efficacy of bupropion SR for weight loss."	9.10	Bupropion SR enhances weight loss: a 48-week double-blind, placebo- controlled trial. ( Anderson, JW; Fujioka, K; Gadde, KM; Greenway, FL; McKenney, J; O'Neil, PM, 2002)
"Subjects receiving bupropion achieved greater mean weight loss (last-observation-carried-forward analysis) over the first 8 weeks of the study (p = 0."	9.09	Bupropion for weight loss: an investigation of efficacy and tolerability in overweight and obese women. ( Drezner, MK; Gadde, KM; Krishnan, KR; Logue, EJ; Maner, LG; Parker, CB; Wagner, HR, 2001)
"Contrave(®) is a combination of naltrexone hydrochloride extended release and bupropion hydrochloride extended release for the treatment of obesity, and is used with lifestyle modification."	8.93	Naltrexone/bupropion for the treatment of obesity and obesity with Type 2 diabetes. ( Apovian, CM, 2016)
"The mechanism of action of the combination therapy, naltrexone/bupropion (NB), for obesity has not been fully described to date."	8.90	Naltrexone/bupropion for obesity: an investigational combination pharmacotherapy for weight loss. ( Billes, SK; Cowley, MA; Sinnayah, P, 2014)
"This review examines the safety and antiobesity effects of naltrexone and bupropion alone and in combination."	8.90	Drug safety evaluation of naltrexone/bupropion for the treatment of obesity. ( Bello, NT; Verpeut, JL, 2014)
"Naltrexone/bupropion is an investigational combination for weight loss and maintenance in patients who are obese or have a BMI ≥ 27 kg/m(2) with comorbid diabetes, hypertension or hyperlipidemia."	8.87	Naltrexone/bupropion: an investigational combination for weight loss and maintenance. ( Gwinn, KM; Hurren, KM; Makowski, CT, 2011)
" Appropriate patient management should address the mild sympathomimetic effect of bupropion, although the FDA has required that a cardiovascular outcomes study be conducted preapproval to determine the effects of long-term use of naltrexone/bupropion in an overweight/obese population."	8.87	Combination therapy with naltrexone and bupropion for obesity. ( Billes, SK; Greenway, FL, 2011)
" While the opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone is associated with minimal weight loss as monotherapy, it does have potential utility in the treatment of obesity when combined with the pro-opiomelanocortin activator bupropion."	8.85	Naltrexone for the treatment of obesity: review and update. ( Fujioka, K; Lee, MW, 2009)
"Both bupropion and naltrexone have been shown individually to induce weight loss."	8.85	Bupropion and naltrexone: a review of their use individually and in combination for the treatment of obesity. ( Chau, DL; Nguyen, L; Nguyen, Q; Plodkowski, RA; St Jeor, S; Sundaram, U, 2009)
"Contrave, under development by Orexigen Therapeutics Inc for the potential treatment of obesity, is an oral, sustained-release combination of the dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake antagonist bupropion and the opioid antagonist naltrexone."	8.85	Contrave, a bupropion and naltrexone combination therapy for the potential treatment of obesity. ( Padwal, R, 2009)
"To investigate the changes of circulating levels of all proglucagon-derived peptides (PGDPs) in individuals with overweight or obesity receiving liraglutide (3 mg) or naltrexone/bupropion (32/360 mg), and to explore the association between induced changes in postprandial PGDP levels and body composition, as well as metabolic variables, after 3 and 6 months on treatment."	8.31	Circulating levels of proglucagon-derived peptides are differentially regulated by the glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist liraglutide and the centrally acting naltrexone/bupropion and can predict future weight loss and metabolic improvements: A 6-month long ( Argyrakopoulou, G; Bontozoglou, N; Kalra, B; Kokkinos, A; Konstantinidou, SK; Kouvari, M; Kumar, A; Kumar, M; Kyriakopoulou, K; Mantzoros, CS; Simati, S; Stefanakis, K, 2023)
"Weight loss is associated with improved quality of life in some, but not all, weight loss trials."	6.80	Patient-reported quality of life in a randomized placebo-controlled trial of naltrexone/bupropion for obesity. ( Chen, S; Gilder, K; Greenway, FL; Klassen, P; Kolotkin, RL, 2015)
"The prevalence of obesity is growing rapidly worldwide, and therefore there is a need for effective treatment strategies."	6.47	Naltrexone sustained-release (SR) + bupropion SR combination therapy for the treatment of obesity: 'a new kid on the block'? ( Hatzitolios, AI; Katsiki, N; Mikhailidis, DP, 2011)
"Bupropion is a norepinephrine and dopamine uptake inhibitor that has been available for several years for the treatment of depression and aiding smokers to quit."	6.44	Bupropion for weight reduction. ( Gadde, KM; Xiong, GL, 2007)
" The authors tested the effectiveness of naltrexone-bupropion and behavioral weight loss therapy (BWL), alone and combined, for binge-eating disorder comorbid with obesity."	5.51	Naltrexone-Bupropion and Behavior Therapy, Alone and Combined, for Binge-Eating Disorder: Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial. ( Fineberg, SK; Grilo, CM; Gueorguieva, R; Ivezaj, V; Lydecker, JA; Moreno, JO, 2022)
" The new combination of naltrexone and bupropion sustained release (NB) has proved to be effective for weight loss among obese patients."	5.41	An open-label trial on the efficacy and tolerability of naltrexone/bupropion SR for treating altered eating behaviours and weight loss in binge eating disorder. ( Aloi, M; Arturi, F; Calabrò, G; Carbone, EA; Caroleo, M; Condoleo, F; de Filippis, R; Rania, M; Segura-Garcia, C; Staltari, FA, 2021)
"This study assessed the effects of 32 mg naltrexone sustained release (SR)/360 mg bupropion SR (NB) on body weight in adults with obesity, with comprehensive lifestyle intervention (CLI), for 78 weeks."	5.24	Method-of-use study of naltrexone sustained release (SR)/bupropion SR on body weight in individuals with obesity. ( Fujioka, K; Gilder, K; Halseth, A; Shan, K; Walsh, B, 2017)
"Bupropion was well tolerated and produced significantly greater-albeit quite modest-short-term weight loss in overweight and obese women with BED."	5.17	Bupropion for overweight women with binge-eating disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. ( Grilo, CM; White, MA, 2013)
"To assess the efficacy and safety of 32 mg naltrexone sustained-release (SR)/360 mg bupropion SR (NB) in overweight/obese individuals with type 2 diabetes with or without background oral antidiabetes drugs."	5.17	Effects of naltrexone sustained-release/bupropion sustained-release combination therapy on body weight and glycemic parameters in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Bays, H; Burns, C; Fujioka, K; Greenway, F; Gupta, AK; Hollander, P; Klassen, P; Plodkowski, R, 2013)
"To examine the effects of naltrexone/bupropion (NB) combination therapy on weight and weight-related risk factors in overweight and obese participants."	5.17	A randomized, phase 3 trial of naltrexone SR/bupropion SR on weight and obesity-related risk factors (COR-II). ( Apovian, CM; Aronne, L; Burns, C; Dunayevich, E; Kim, D; Rubino, D; Still, C; Wyatt, H, 2013)
" Here, we explore combination therapy with bupropion (BUP), a putative stimulator of melanocortin pathways, and an opioid antagonist, naltrexone (NAL), to antagonize an inhibitory feedback loop that limits sustained weight reduction."	5.14	Rational design of a combination medication for the treatment of obesity. ( Anderson, JW; Atkinson, RL; Cowley, MA; Dunayevich, E; Fujioka, K; Gadde, KM; Greenway, FL; Gupta, AK; Guttadauria, M; O'Neil, P; Schumacher, D; Smith, D; Tollefson, GD; Weber, E; Whitehouse, MJ, 2009)
"Our objective was to determine whether opioid receptor antagonism (naltrexone) plus pro-opiomelanocortin activation (bupropion) causes greater weight loss than placebo or monotherapy."	5.14	Comparison of combined bupropion and naltrexone therapy for obesity with monotherapy and placebo. ( Cowley, MA; Dunayevich, E; Erickson, J; Fujioka, K; Greenway, FL; Guttadauria, M; Tollefson, G, 2009)
"A sustained-release combination of naltrexone plus bupropion could be a useful therapeutic option for treatment of obesity."	5.14	Effect of naltrexone plus bupropion on weight loss in overweight and obese adults (COR-I): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. ( Dunayevich, E; Erickson, J; Fujioka, K; Greenway, FL; Guttadauria, M; Kim, DD; Mudaliar, S; Plodkowski, RA, 2010)
"To examine the effectiveness of bupropion in reducing bodyweight gained during treatment with olanzapine."	5.12	Bupropion treatment of olanzapine-associated weight gain: an open-label, prospective trial. ( Foust, MS; Gadde, KM; Zhang, W, 2006)
"In this short-term, open-label, preliminary trial, combination treatment of zonisamide and bupropion resulted in more weight loss than treatment with zonisamide alone."	5.12	Combination therapy of zonisamide and bupropion for weight reduction in obese women: a preliminary, randomized, open-label study. ( Foust, MS; Gadde, KM; Wagner, HR; Yonish, GM, 2007)
"Bupropion SR in combination with a 500 kcal/d-deficit diet facilitated weight loss."	5.10	Bupropion SR vs. placebo for weight loss in obese patients with depressive symptoms. ( Allison, DB; Brewer, ER; Buaron, KS; Gadde, KM; Haight, B; Jain, AK; Jamerson, BD; Kaplan, RA; Leadbetter, RA; Metz, A; Richard, N; Wadden, TA, 2002)
"To critically examine the efficacy of bupropion SR for weight loss."	5.10	Bupropion SR enhances weight loss: a 48-week double-blind, placebo- controlled trial. ( Anderson, JW; Fujioka, K; Gadde, KM; Greenway, FL; McKenney, J; O'Neil, PM, 2002)
"Subjects receiving bupropion achieved greater mean weight loss (last-observation-carried-forward analysis) over the first 8 weeks of the study (p = 0."	5.09	Bupropion for weight loss: an investigation of efficacy and tolerability in overweight and obese women. ( Drezner, MK; Gadde, KM; Krishnan, KR; Logue, EJ; Maner, LG; Parker, CB; Wagner, HR, 2001)
"Four new medicines-liraglutide, lorcaserin, bupropion/naltrexone, and phentermine/topiramate-have been recently added to the pharmacological arsenal for obesity treatment and could represent important tools to manage this epidemic disease."	5.01	Gender-related issues in the pharmacology of new anti-obesity drugs. ( Barrea, L; Cataldi, M; Colao, A; Guida, B; Muscogiuri, G; Savastano, S; Taglialatela, M, 2019)
" The aim of the present review is to summarize the current data on the eff ects of antiobesity drugs approved in Europe (orlistat, liraglutide 3 mg od and naltrexone/bupropion) on weight loss in patients with PCOS and to discuss their impact on the endocrine, reproductive and metabolic abnormalities of this population."	4.98	The Role of Antiobesity Agents in the Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. ( Chatzis, P; Dinas, K; Makris, V; Pratilas, GC; Sotiriadis, A; Tziomalos, K, 2018)
" Phentermine/topiramate ER appeared to have the best overall average weight loss from baseline as well as highest percentages of patients achieving both ≥5% and ≥10% weight loss benchmarks, followed second by naltrexone/bupropion, and then liraglutide, with lorcaserin showing the lowest rates."	4.93	A Comparison of New Pharmacological Agents for the Treatment of Obesity. ( Megyeri, J; Nuffer, W; Trujillo, JM, 2016)
"Contrave(®) is a combination of naltrexone hydrochloride extended release and bupropion hydrochloride extended release for the treatment of obesity, and is used with lifestyle modification."	4.93	Naltrexone/bupropion for the treatment of obesity and obesity with Type 2 diabetes. ( Apovian, CM, 2016)
"The mechanism of action of the combination therapy, naltrexone/bupropion (NB), for obesity has not been fully described to date."	4.90	Naltrexone/bupropion for obesity: an investigational combination pharmacotherapy for weight loss. ( Billes, SK; Cowley, MA; Sinnayah, P, 2014)
"This review examines the safety and antiobesity effects of naltrexone and bupropion alone and in combination."	4.90	Drug safety evaluation of naltrexone/bupropion for the treatment of obesity. ( Bello, NT; Verpeut, JL, 2014)
"A short overview of new drugs approved for the treatment of obesity (lorcaserin, phentermine/topiramate combination) as well as those with a perspective for approval as antiobesity drugs (cetilistat, naltrexone/bupropion combination, liraglutide) is presented."	4.90	Overview of new antiobesity drugs. ( Hainer, V, 2014)
"Naltrexone/bupropion is an investigational combination for weight loss and maintenance in patients who are obese or have a BMI ≥ 27 kg/m(2) with comorbid diabetes, hypertension or hyperlipidemia."	4.87	Naltrexone/bupropion: an investigational combination for weight loss and maintenance. ( Gwinn, KM; Hurren, KM; Makowski, CT, 2011)
"Contrave is an investigational fixed-dose combination drug of naltrexone and bupropion currently in Phase III clinical trials for the treatment of obesity."	4.87	ACS chemical neuroscience molecule spotlight on contrave. ( Mercer, SL, 2011)
" Appropriate patient management should address the mild sympathomimetic effect of bupropion, although the FDA has required that a cardiovascular outcomes study be conducted preapproval to determine the effects of long-term use of naltrexone/bupropion in an overweight/obese population."	4.87	Combination therapy with naltrexone and bupropion for obesity. ( Billes, SK; Greenway, FL, 2011)
"Both bupropion and naltrexone have been shown individually to induce weight loss."	4.85	Bupropion and naltrexone: a review of their use individually and in combination for the treatment of obesity. ( Chau, DL; Nguyen, L; Nguyen, Q; Plodkowski, RA; St Jeor, S; Sundaram, U, 2009)
" While the opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone is associated with minimal weight loss as monotherapy, it does have potential utility in the treatment of obesity when combined with the pro-opiomelanocortin activator bupropion."	4.85	Naltrexone for the treatment of obesity: review and update. ( Fujioka, K; Lee, MW, 2009)
"Contrave, under development by Orexigen Therapeutics Inc for the potential treatment of obesity, is an oral, sustained-release combination of the dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake antagonist bupropion and the opioid antagonist naltrexone."	4.85	Contrave, a bupropion and naltrexone combination therapy for the potential treatment of obesity. ( Padwal, R, 2009)
"To investigate the changes of circulating levels of all proglucagon-derived peptides (PGDPs) in individuals with overweight or obesity receiving liraglutide (3 mg) or naltrexone/bupropion (32/360 mg), and to explore the association between induced changes in postprandial PGDP levels and body composition, as well as metabolic variables, after 3 and 6 months on treatment."	4.31	Circulating levels of proglucagon-derived peptides are differentially regulated by the glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist liraglutide and the centrally acting naltrexone/bupropion and can predict future weight loss and metabolic improvements: A 6-month long ( Argyrakopoulou, G; Bontozoglou, N; Kalra, B; Kokkinos, A; Konstantinidou, SK; Kouvari, M; Kumar, A; Kumar, M; Kyriakopoulou, K; Mantzoros, CS; Simati, S; Stefanakis, K, 2023)
" This analysis looked at the add-on of NB to incretins to see if weight loss could occur in patients already stabilized on incretin agents."	4.02	Extended-release naltrexone/bupropion is safe and effective among subjects with type 2 diabetes already taking incretin agents: a post-hoc analysis of the LIGHT trial. ( Barakat, M; Blavignac, J; Burrows, M; Camacho, F; Christensen, RAG; Gould, E; Kamran, E; Wharton, S; Yin, P, 2021)
"The recent approval of liraglutide, lorcaserin, naltrexone/bupropion extended-release, and phentermine/topiramate extended-release, brings the number of medications for long-term weight loss to 5 (including orlistat)."	3.83	Answers to Clinical Questions in the Primary Care Management of People with Obesity: Pharmacologic Management. ( Braverman-Panza, J; Fujioka, K, 2016)
" Importantly, the appetite suppressant-induced weight loss and locomotion were markedly reduced by intragastric (and intra-NAc shell) infusions of dopamine antagonists SCH-23390 (D1 receptor) or raclopride (D2 receptor)."	3.81	D1 and D2 antagonists reverse the effects of appetite suppressants on weight loss, food intake, locomotion, and rebalance spiking inhibition in the rat NAc shell. ( Elias, D; Gutierrez, R; Kalyanasundar, B; Luna, A; Moreno, MG; Perez, CI; Simon, SA; Solorio, J, 2015)
"The significant weight loss observed with combination naltrexone-sustained release (SR) 32 mg and bupropion SR 360 mg (NB32) therapy is thought to be due, in part, to bupropion stimulation of hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons, and naltrexone blockade of opioid receptor-mediated POMC autoinhibition, but the neurobiological mechanisms are not fully understood."	3.80	Effect of combined naltrexone and bupropion therapy on the brain's reactivity to food cues. ( Caparelli, EC; Dunayevich, E; Telang, F; Tomasi, D; Volkow, ND; Wang, GJ; Wang, R, 2014)
"Bupropion (BUP) is a dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) reuptake inhibitor that causes mild weight loss in obese adults."	3.74	Catecholamine reuptake inhibition causes weight loss by increasing locomotor activity and thermogenesis. ( Billes, SK; Cowley, MA, 2008)
"Weight loss is associated with improved quality of life in some, but not all, weight loss trials."	2.80	Patient-reported quality of life in a randomized placebo-controlled trial of naltrexone/bupropion for obesity. ( Chen, S; Gilder, K; Greenway, FL; Klassen, P; Kolotkin, RL, 2015)
" The purpose of the study is to determine the relationship between these treatments and the risk of major cardiovascular adverse events (MACE)."	2.72	Cardiovascular safety of naltrexone and bupropion therapy: Systematic review and meta-analyses. ( Aguilar-Salinas, C; Benchimol, A; Bonilha, I; Carvalho, LSF; Cercato, C; Geloneze, B; Hohl, A; Luchiari, B; Moura, F; Nadruz, W; Sposito, AC, 2021)
" However, they are costly and may have adverse effects in some individuals."	2.72	Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Anti-Obesity Treatment: Where Do We Stand? ( Lee, SY; Tak, YJ, 2021)
" Thus, if following the appropriate guidelines according to package labels, the practitioner can feel safe in prescribing these medications."	2.52	Safety and tolerability of medications approved for chronic weight management. ( Fujioka, K, 2015)
"The prevalence of obesity is rising worldwide, with the U."	2.48	Recent advancements in drug treatment of obesity. ( Carter, R; Mouralidarane, A; Oben, J; Ray, S; Soeda, J, 2012)
"The prevalence of obesity is growing rapidly worldwide, and therefore there is a need for effective treatment strategies."	2.47	Naltrexone sustained-release (SR) + bupropion SR combination therapy for the treatment of obesity: 'a new kid on the block'? ( Hatzitolios, AI; Katsiki, N; Mikhailidis, DP, 2011)
"Bupropion is a norepinephrine and dopamine uptake inhibitor that has been available for several years for the treatment of depression and aiding smokers to quit."	2.44	Bupropion for weight reduction. ( Gadde, KM; Xiong, GL, 2007)
"Mean (SD) weight loss was 5."	1.62	Weight-loss response to naltrexone/bupropion is modulated by the Taq1A genetic variant near DRD2 (rs1800497): A pilot study. ( Chung, WK; Febres, G; Holleran, S; Korner, J; LeDuc, CA; Mullally, JA; Ramakrishnan, R; Reid, TJ, 2021)
"Maintaining weight loss is extremely difficult due to the neuro-endocrine dysregulations that stimulate the body to return to the previous, increased, weight."	1.62	[Pharmacotherapy for obesity]. ( Abawi, O; van den Akker, ELT; van der Valk, ES; van der Voorn, B; van Rossum, EFC; Welling, MS, 2021)
"Obesity is a chronic disease universally defined as an excess of adipose tissue resulting in body mass index (BMI) > 30."	1.46	Obesity Epidemic: Pharmaceutical Weight Loss. ( Curry, SA, 2017)

Research

Studies (62)

Authors

Clinical Trials (10)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Body Weight- Mean Percent Change From Baseline to Week 56

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	12 (19.35)	29.6817
2010's	38 (61.29)	24.3611
2020's	12 (19.35)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Grilo, CM	2
Lydecker, JA	1
Fineberg, SK	1
Moreno, JO	1
Ivezaj, V	1
Gueorguieva, R	1
BouSaba, J	1
Vosoughi, K	1
Dilmaghani, S	1
Prokop, LJ	1
Camilleri, M	1
Stefanakis, K	1
Kokkinos, A	1
Argyrakopoulou, G	1
Konstantinidou, SK	1
Simati, S	1
Kouvari, M	1
Kumar, A	1
Kalra, B	1
Kumar, M	1
Bontozoglou, N	1
Kyriakopoulou, K	1
Mantzoros, CS	1
Thomas, B	2
Lindblad, AJ	2
Luu, T	2
Paige, A	2
Carbone, EA	1
Caroleo, M	1
Rania, M	1
Calabrò, G	1
Staltari, FA	1
de Filippis, R	1
Aloi, M	1
Condoleo, F	1
Arturi, F	1
Segura-Garcia, C	1
Milano, W	1
De Biasio, V	1
Di Munzio, W	1
Foggia, G	1
Capasso, A	1
Mullally, JA	1
Chung, WK	1
LeDuc, CA	1
Reid, TJ	1
Febres, G	1
Holleran, S	1
Ramakrishnan, R	1
Korner, J	1
Tak, YJ	1
Lee, SY	1
van Rossum, EFC	1
Welling, MS	1
van der Voorn, B	1
van der Valk, ES	1
Abawi, O	1
van den Akker, ELT	1
Sposito, AC	1
Bonilha, I	1
Luchiari, B	1
Benchimol, A	1
Hohl, A	1
Moura, F	1
Cercato, C	1
Geloneze, B	1
Nadruz, W	1
Aguilar-Salinas, C	1
Carvalho, LSF	1
Wharton, S	1
Yin, P	1
Burrows, M	1
Gould, E	1
Blavignac, J	1
Christensen, RAG	1
Kamran, E	1
Camacho, F	1
Barakat, M	1
Dalton, M	1
Finlayson, G	1
Walsh, B	3
Halseth, AE	2
Duarte, C	1
Blundell, JE	1
Wilding, JPH	1
Cataldi, M	1
Muscogiuri, G	1
Savastano, S	1
Barrea, L	1
Guida, B	1
Taglialatela, M	1
Colao, A	1
Chatzis, P	1
Tziomalos, K	1
Pratilas, GC	1
Makris, V	1
Sotiriadis, A	1
Dinas, K	1
Apovian, CM	2
Aronne, L	1
Rubino, D	1
Still, C	1
Wyatt, H	1
Burns, C	3
Kim, D	2
Dunayevich, E	7
Smith, SR	1
Fujioka, K	12
Gupta, AK	3
Billes, SK	4
Greenway, FL	8
White, MA	1
Wang, GJ	1
Tomasi, D	1
Volkow, ND	1
Wang, R	1
Telang, F	1
Caparelli, EC	1
Hollander, P	1
Plodkowski, R	2
Greenway, F	1
Bays, H	1
Klassen, P	2
Sinnayah, P	1
Cowley, MA	4
Verpeut, JL	1
Bello, NT	1
Hainer, V	1
Citrome, L	2
Kalyanasundar, B	1
Perez, CI	1
Luna, A	1
Solorio, J	1
Moreno, MG	1
Elias, D	1
Simon, SA	1
Gutierrez, R	1
Kolotkin, RL	1
Chen, S	1
Gilder, K	3
Nuffer, W	1
Trujillo, JM	1
Megyeri, J	1
O'Neil, PM	3
Hong, K	1
Herrmann, K	1
Dybala, C	1
Lam, H	1
Foreyt, JP	2
Braverman-Panza, J	1
Stefanidis, A	1
Man Lee, CC	1
Brown, WA	1
Oldfield, BJ	1
Halseth, A	1
Shan, K	1
Curry, SA	1
Whitehouse, MJ	1
Guttadauria, M	3
Anderson, JW	2
Atkinson, RL	1
Gadde, KM	7
O'Neil, P	1
Schumacher, D	1
Smith, D	1
Tollefson, GD	1
Weber, E	1
Plodkowski, RA	2
Nguyen, Q	1
Sundaram, U	1
Nguyen, L	1
Chau, DL	1
St Jeor, S	1
Lee, MW	1
Padwal, R	1
Tollefson, G	1
Erickson, J	2
Kaplan, LM	1
Wadden, TA	2
Foster, GD	1
Hill, JO	1
Klein, S	1
Perri, MG	1
Pi-Sunyer, FX	1
Rock, CL	1
Erickson, JS	1
Maier, HN	1
Kim, DD	2
Mudaliar, S	1
Katsiki, N	1
Hatzitolios, AI	1
Mikhailidis, DP	1
Calandra, C	1
Russo, RG	1
Luca, M	1
Makowski, CT	1
Gwinn, KM	1
Hurren, KM	1
Hiatt, WR	1
Thomas, A	1
Goldfine, AB	1
Mercer, SL	1
Carter, R	1
Mouralidarane, A	1
Ray, S	1
Soeda, J	1
Oben, J	1
Jain, AK	1
Kaplan, RA	1
Allison, DB	1
Brewer, ER	1
Leadbetter, RA	1
Richard, N	1
Haight, B	1
Jamerson, BD	1
Buaron, KS	1
Metz, A	1
Zhang, W	1
Foust, MS	2
Xiong, GL	1
Yonish, GM	1
Wagner, HR	2
Parker, CB	1
Maner, LG	1
Logue, EJ	1
Drezner, MK	1
Krishnan, KR	1
McKenney, J	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Study Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Naltrexone Sustained Release (SR)/Bupropion Sustained Release (SR) and Placebo in Obese Subjects[NCT00567255]	Phase 3	1,496 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-12-31	Completed
Placebo-Controlled Trial of Bupropion for the Treatment of Binge Eating Disorder[NCT00414167]	Phase 2/Phase 3	61 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-12-31	Completed
Naltrexone Sustained Release (SR) 32 mg and Bupropion Sustained Release (SR) 360 mg Combination Therapy in Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Changes in Overweight or Obese Subjects[NCT00711477]	Phase 2	46 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-09-30	Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Study Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Naltrexone 32 mg Sustained Release (SR)/Bupropion 360 mg Sustained Release (SR) and Placebo in Obese Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT00474630]	Phase 3	505 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-05-31	Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label, Controlled, Method-of-Use Study Assessing the Effect of Naltrexone Sustained Release (SR)/Bupropion SR on Body Weight and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Subjects (The Ignite Study)[NCT01764386]	Phase 3	242 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-02-28	Completed
Phase II Randomized, Double-Blind Trial of Bupropion Versus Bupropion + Naltrexone for Smoking Cessation[NCT00419731]	Phase 2/Phase 3	120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2006-11-30	Recruiting
The Beef WISE Study: Beef's Role in Weight Improvement, Satisfaction, and Energy[NCT02627105]		120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-09-30	Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Naltrexone Sustained Release (SR)/Bupropion SR and Placebo in Subjects With Obesity Participating in a Behavior Modification Program[NCT00456521]	Phase 3	793 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-03-31	Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Study Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Two Doses of Naltrexone Sustained Release (SR)/Bupropion Sustained Release (SR) and Placebo in Obese Subjects[NCT00532779]	Phase 3	1,742 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-10-31	Completed
Effect of Sulphate-bicarbonate-calcium Water Consumption on the Body Weight and Gut Microbiota Composition in Overweight and Obese Patients Under Low-calorie Diet[NCT02154230]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-11-30	Withdrawn (stopped due to failure to enroll)
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

"Beginning at Week 28 through Week 44, NB32-treated subjects who failed to achieve or maintain at least 5% body weight loss from baseline were re-randomized (1:1 ratio) to continue NB32 or begin treatment with a higher dose of naltrexone SR - naltrexone SR 48 mg/bupropion SR 360 mg (referred to as NB48) (daily dose of bupropion SR was 360 mg for NB32 and NB48).The analysis of NB32 vs. placebo at Week 56 was completed using a weighted analysis. This analysis was referred to as the weighted LOCF analysis.~Subjects treated with NB32 who were re-randomized to NB48 were not included. Subjects re-randomized to NB32 were double-weighted and subjects who were not re-randomized were single-weighted. Subjects in the placebo group were single-weighted. The double weighting analysis restored the influence of poor performers at Weeks 28 to 44 in the NB32 group without including any data from the higher dose group (NB48)." (NCT00567255)
Timeframe: Baseline, 56 weeks

Body Weight- Proportion of Subjects With ≥10% Decrease From Baseline to Week 28

Body Weight- Proportion of Subjects With ≥5% Decrease From Baseline to Week 56

Intervention	percentage of body weight (Least Squares Mean)
NB32	-6.40
Placebo	-1.23

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
NB32	27.27
Placebo	7.02

Change in Diastolic Blood Pressure

Change in Fasting Blood Glucose Levels

Change in Fasting HDL Cholesterol Levels

Change in Fasting Insulin Levels, Using Log-transformed Data

Change in Fasting LDL Cholesterol Levels

Change in Fasting Triglycerides Levels, Using Log-transformed Data

Change in Food Craving Inventory Carbohydrates Subscale Score

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
NB32	50.48
Placebo	17.11

Intervention	mm Hg (Least Squares Mean)
NB32	0.20
Placebo	-0.67

Intervention	mg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
NB32	-2.11
Placebo	-1.73

Intervention	mg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
NB32	1.19
Placebo	-1.40

Intervention	percent change (Least Squares Mean)
NB32	-14.14
Placebo	-0.50

Intervention	mg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
NB32	-4.36
Placebo	0.00

Intervention	percent change (Least Squares Mean)
NB32	-7.32
Placebo	-1.36

The Food Craving Inventory is a 33-item self-report measure designed to assess specific food cravings and is organized into 4 subscales (high fats, sweets, carbohydrates/starches, and fast-food fats). A craving was defined as an intense desire to consume a particular food (or food type) that was difficult to resist over the past month. Subjects rated their frequency of cravings for each of the 33 items using a 5-point scale, where 1=never, 2=rarely, 3=sometimes, 4=often, and 5=always. The carbohydrates subscale consisted of 8 items and the score ranges from 8 (better outcome) to 40 (worse outcome). (NCT00567255)
Timeframe: Baseline, 28 weeks

Change in Food Craving Inventory Sweets Subscale Score

Intervention	units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
NB32	-2.68
Placebo	-2.20

The Food Craving Inventory is a 33-item self-report measure designed to assess specific food cravings and is organized into 4 subscales (high fats, sweets, carbohydrates/starches, and fast-food fats). A craving was defined as an intense desire to consume a particular food (or food type) that was difficult to resist over the past month. Subjects rated their frequency of cravings for each of the 33 items using a 5-point scale, where 1=never, 2=rarely, 3=sometimes, 4=often, and 5=always. The sweets subscale consisted of 8 items and the score ranges from 8 (better outcome) to 40 (worse outcome). (NCT00567255)
Timeframe: Baseline, 28 weeks

Change in High-sensitivity C Reactive Protein (Hs-CRP) Levels, Using Log-transformed Data

Change in HOMA-IR Levels, Using Log-transformed Data

Intervention	units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
NB32	-3.20
Placebo	-3.18

Intervention	percent change (Least Squares Mean)
NB32	-9.38
Placebo	-1.14

HOMA-IR= Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (NCT00567255)
Timeframe: Baseline, 28 weeks

Change in IDS-SR Total Score

Intervention	percent change (Least Squares Mean)
NB32	-16.44
Placebo	-4.15

IDS-SR= Inventory of Depressive Symptoms-Subject Rated IDS-SR total score is based on 30 items. The total score can range from 0-84, with 0 being no depressive symptoms and 84 being very severe depressive symptoms. A total score ≤ 13 indicates no depression. (NCT00567255)
Timeframe: Baseline, 28 weeks

Change in IWQOL-Lite Total Scores

Intervention	units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
NB32	-0.23
Placebo	-0.28

IWQOL-Lite= Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite Questionnaire Total score is based on a scale from 0 to 100, with 0 representing the poorest and 100 the best quality of life and where a score of 71-79 indicates moderate impairment (NCT00567255)
Timeframe: Baseline, 28 weeks

Change in Question 19 From 21-Item COE (Control of Eating) Questionnaire

Intervention	units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
NB32	9.94
Placebo	6.17

Question 19: Generally, how difficult has it been to control your eating? Scoring: 0=not at all difficult; 100=extremely difficult (NCT00567255)
Timeframe: Baseline, 28 weeks

Change in Systolic Blood Pressure

Change in Waist Circumference

Co-primary: Body Weight- Mean Percent Change From Baseline to Week 28

Co-primary: Body Weight- Proportion of Subjects With ≥5% Decrease From Baseline to Week 28

Frequency of Binge Eating Episodes

Percent BMI Loss

Intervention	units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
NB32	-18.32
Placebo	-11.09

Intervention	mm Hg (Least Squares Mean)
NB32	-0.93
Placebo	-1.23

Intervention	cm (Least Squares Mean)
NB32	-6.16
Placebo	-2.74

Intervention	percentage of body weight (Least Squares Mean)
NB32	-6.45
Placebo	-1.89

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
NB32	55.64
Placebo	17.54

Intervention	episodes/week (Mean)
Bupropion	0.8
Placebo	1.0

Percent loss in Body Mass Index (NCT00414167)
Timeframe: 8 weeks (baseline and 8 weeks)

Change in Question 19 From 21-Item COE (Control of Eating) Questionnaire

Intervention	Percent loss (Mean)
Bupropion	1.8
Placebo	0.6

Question 19: Generally, how difficult has it been to control your eating? Scoring: 0=not at all difficult; 100=extremely difficult (NCT00711477)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire - Change in Emotional Eating A Subscale Score

Intervention	units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
NB32	-13.55
Placebo	-4.14

The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire is a 33-item self-report measure designed to assess the type of eating behavior and is organized into 3 subscales (emotional eating, externally-induced eating, and restrained eating). Subjects rated the frequency of their eating behaviors using a 5-point scale, where 1=never, 2=seldom, 3=sometimes, 4=often, and 5=very often. The Emotional Eating A subscale (clearly labeled emotions) consisted of 9 items and the scores ranged from 9 (better outcome) to 45 (worse outcome). (NCT00711477)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire - Change in Emotional Eating B Subscale Score

Intervention	units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
NB32	-1.16
Placebo	0.48

The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire is a 33-item self-report measure designed to assess the type of eating behavior and is organized into 3 subscales (emotional eating, externally-induced eating, and restrained eating). Subjects rated the frequency of their eating behaviors using a 5-point scale, where 1=never, 2=seldom, 3=sometimes, 4=often, and 5=very often. The Emotional Eating B subscale (diffuse emotions) consisted of 4 items and the scores ranged from 4 (better outcome) to 20 (worse outcome). (NCT00711477)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire - Change in External Eating Subscale Score

Intervention	units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
NB32	-0.90
Placebo	0.45

The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire is a 33-item self-report measure designed to assess the type of eating behavior and is organized into 3 subscales (emotional eating, externally-induced eating, and restrained eating). Subjects rated the frequency of their eating behaviors using a 5-point scale where 1=never, 2=seldom, 3=sometimes, 4=often, and 5=very often. The External Eating subscale consisted of 10 items and the scores ranged from 10 (better outcome) to 50 (worse outcome). (NCT00711477)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire - Change in Restrained Eating Subscale Score

Intervention	units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
NB32	-2.64
Placebo	-0.16

The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire is a 33-item self-report measure designed to assess the type of eating behavior and is organized into 3 subscales (emotional eating, externally-induced eating, and restrained eating). Subjects rated the frequency of their eating behaviors using a 5-point scale, where 1=never, 2=seldom, 3=sometimes, 4=often, and 5=very often. The Restrained Eating subscale consisted of 10 items and the scores ranged from 10 (worse outcome) to 50 (better outcome). (NCT00711477)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

Percent Change in Body Weight

Response to Food Related Cues Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging - Anterior Cingulate

Intervention	units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
NB32	1.47
Placebo	1.87

Intervention	percentage of body weight (Least Squares Mean)
NB32	-0.99
Placebo	-0.43