bupropion and Depressive Disorder, Major studies

Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.
bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.

Depressive Disorder, Major: Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5)

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"US Clinical Trials registration was systematically searched for studies examining the effects of dextromethorphan in mood disorders."	9.41	Combinations of dextromethorphan for the treatment of mood disorders - a review of the evidence. ( Iosifescu, DV; Parincu, Z, 2023)
" The search terms included: "AXS-05" OR "dextromethorphan and bupropion" AND "depression"."	9.41	Dextromethorphan-Bupropion for the Treatment of Depression: A Systematic Review of Efficacy and Safety in Clinical Trials. ( Akbar, D; Cao, B; Ceban, F; Ho, R; Kwan, ATH; McIntyre, RS; Rhee, TG; Rosenblat, JD; Subramaniapillai, M; Teopiz, KM, 2023)
" This study explored whether anxiety predicts suicidal ideation in depressed individuals treated with paroxetine or bupropion."	9.27	Effects of anxiety on suicidal ideation: exploratory analysis of a paroxetine versus bupropion randomized trial. ( Burke, AK; Chaudhury, SR; Ellis, SP; Grunebaum, MF; Keilp, JG; Mann, JJ; Marver, JE; Metts, AV; Oquendo, MA; Parris, MS, 2018)
"In treatment of depression with less than optimal response, augmentation with either aripiprazole or bupropion was cost-effective relative to switching to bupropion."	9.27	Comparing Cost-Effectiveness of Aripiprazole Augmentation With Other "Next-Step" Depression Treatment Strategies: A Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Johnson, GR; Mohamed, S; Park, A; Scrymgeour, A; Yoon, J; Zisook, S, 2018)
"Unlike selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), bupropion may be classified as a dual noradrenaline and dopamine reuptake inhibitor, a difference with potential implications for the treatment of residual sleepiness and fatigue in major depressive disorder (MDD)."	9.19	Resolution of sleepiness and fatigue: a comparison of bupropion and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in subjects with major depressive disorder achieving remission at doses approved in the European Union. ( Cooper, JA; Papakostas, GI; Tucker, VL, 2014)
"Outpatients with chronic or recurrent major depression (MDD) were randomized to initial treatment with escitalopram+placebo (the MONO condition), bupropion-sustained release+escitalopram, or venlafaxine-extended release+mirtazapine (the COMB conditions) in the Combining Medications to Enhance Depression Outcomes (CO-MED) trial."	9.15	Randomized comparison of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (escitalopram) monotherapy and antidepressant combination pharmacotherapy for major depressive disorder with melancholic features: a CO-MED report. ( Bobo, WV; Chen, H; Cook, IA; Fava, M; Husain, MM; Kornstein, SG; Kurian, BT; Lesser, IM; Luther, JF; Morris, DW; Nierenberg, AA; Rush, AJ; Shelton, RC; Stewart, JW; Trivedi, MH; Warden, D; Wisniewski, SR, 2011)
"We conducted a 12-week open-label study of bupropion in 18 depressed asthma patients."	9.12	Bupropion in the treatment of outpatients with asthma and major depressive disorder. ( Brown, ES; Khan, DA; Rush, AJ; Vornik, LA, 2007)
"Our objective was to determine if pretreatment anxiety levels were associated with preferential response to bupropion sustained release (n = 122) or sertraline (n = 126) during a 16-week randomized acute phase treatment study."	9.09	Response in relation to baseline anxiety levels in major depressive disorder treated with bupropion sustained release or sertraline. ( Ascher, JA; Batey, SR; Bolden-Watson, C; Carmody, TJ; Donahue, RM; Houser, TL; Metz, A; Rush, AJ; Trivedi, MH, 2001)
"The goal of this work was to compare the efficacy of the norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor bupropion with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in the treatment of anxiety symptoms in major depressive disorder (MDD)."	8.84	Efficacy of bupropion and the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the treatment of anxiety symptoms in major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from 10 double-blind, randomized clinical trials. ( Alpert, JE; Goodale, EP; Krishen, A; Papakostas, GI; Seifert, CA; Trivedi, MH; Tucker, VL, 2008)
"Bupropion is an effective treatment for major depressive disorder and smoking cessation."	8.02	Acute dystonia following epileptic seizure after bupropion intoxication. ( Çim, EFA; Kamış, GZ; Kurhan, F, 2021)
"We report a case of a patient initiated on therapeutic doses of sustained-release bupropion for the management of major depressive disorder who subsequently developed acute agitated delirium that required ICU level care."	7.78	Agitated delirium associated with therapeutic doses of sustained-release bupropion. ( Barbarello-Andrews, L; Liu, MT; Mack, DR, 2012)
"We report on a 57-year-old woman, diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, whose panic disorder showed marked improvement after introduction of bupropion, a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor."	7.74	Treatment of panic disorder with bupropion in a patient with Parkinson's disease. ( Bäcker, A; Gebhardt, S; Krieg, JC; Röttgers, H; Schu, U, 2008)
"To demonstrate that bupropion sustained release (SR) can reduce the symptoms of fatigue experienced by cancer patients."	7.72	Bupropion sustained release treatment reduces fatigue in cancer patients. ( Cullum, JL; Pelletier, G; Simpson, JS; Wojciechowski, AE, 2004)
"Bupropion is an atypical antidepressant, chemically unrelated to classical agents such as tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and other contemporary antidepressants."	6.44	Fatigue as a core symptom in major depressive disorder: overview and the role of bupropion. ( Han, C; Lee, C; Lim, HK; Masand, PS; Pae, CU; Patkar, AA; Steffens, DC, 2007)
"Delirium is common in daily practice."	5.46	Delirium associated with concomitant use of duloxetine and bupropion in an elderly patient. ( Chang, CC; Hsu, WY; Ma, SP; Tsai, CJ, 2017)
"US Clinical Trials registration was systematically searched for studies examining the effects of dextromethorphan in mood disorders."	5.41	Combinations of dextromethorphan for the treatment of mood disorders - a review of the evidence. ( Iosifescu, DV; Parincu, Z, 2023)
" The search terms included: "AXS-05" OR "dextromethorphan and bupropion" AND "depression"."	5.41	Dextromethorphan-Bupropion for the Treatment of Depression: A Systematic Review of Efficacy and Safety in Clinical Trials. ( Akbar, D; Cao, B; Ceban, F; Ho, R; Kwan, ATH; McIntyre, RS; Rhee, TG; Rosenblat, JD; Subramaniapillai, M; Teopiz, KM, 2023)
"However, the seizure threshold may be influenced by psychotropic drugs."	5.37	Partial status epilepticus after electroconvulsive therapy and medical treatment with bupropion. ( Dersch, R; Voderholzer, U; Zwernemann, S, 2011)
"Acute dystonia is commonly associated with high-potency antipsychotics."	5.34	Acute dystonia resulting from abrupt bupropion discontinuation. ( Chou, WJ; Huang, TY; Hung, CF; Wang, HY, 2007)
"This report used acute treatment data from a clinically representative sample of outpatients with nonpsychotic major depressive disorder (N = 665) participating in the Combining Medications to Enhance Depression Outcomes trial, who received up to 12 weeks of escitalopram, escitalopram plus bupropion SR, or venlafaxine XR plus mirtazapine."	5.30	The Concise Health Risk Tracking Self-Report (CHRT-SR) assessment of suicidality in depressed outpatients: A psychometric evaluation. ( Carmody, TJ; De La Garza, N; Grannemann, BD; Killian, MO; Rush, AJ; Trivedi, MH, 2019)
"In a randomized clinical trial comparing paroxetine and bupropion for treatment of depression in patients with either suicidal ideation or past attempt, depression severity and suicidal ideation were assessed weekly during the 8-week study."	5.27	Suicidal ideation declines with improvement in the subjective symptoms of major depression. ( Burke, AK; Ellis, SP; Gorlyn, M; Grunebaum, MF; Keilp, JG; Mann, JJ; Oquendo, MA, 2018)
" This study explored whether anxiety predicts suicidal ideation in depressed individuals treated with paroxetine or bupropion."	5.27	Effects of anxiety on suicidal ideation: exploratory analysis of a paroxetine versus bupropion randomized trial. ( Burke, AK; Chaudhury, SR; Ellis, SP; Grunebaum, MF; Keilp, JG; Mann, JJ; Marver, JE; Metts, AV; Oquendo, MA; Parris, MS, 2018)
"In treatment of depression with less than optimal response, augmentation with either aripiprazole or bupropion was cost-effective relative to switching to bupropion."	5.27	Comparing Cost-Effectiveness of Aripiprazole Augmentation With Other "Next-Step" Depression Treatment Strategies: A Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Johnson, GR; Mohamed, S; Park, A; Scrymgeour, A; Yoon, J; Zisook, S, 2018)
"Unlike selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), bupropion may be classified as a dual noradrenaline and dopamine reuptake inhibitor, a difference with potential implications for the treatment of residual sleepiness and fatigue in major depressive disorder (MDD)."	5.19	Resolution of sleepiness and fatigue: a comparison of bupropion and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in subjects with major depressive disorder achieving remission at doses approved in the European Union. ( Cooper, JA; Papakostas, GI; Tucker, VL, 2014)
" We conducted a double-blind, randomized, clinical pilot trial of paroxetine (N=36) or bupropion (N=38) in DSM IV major depression with a suicide attempt history or current suicidal ideation."	5.16	Pilot randomized clinical trial of an SSRI vs bupropion: effects on suicidal behavior, ideation, and mood in major depression. ( Burke, AK; Duan, N; Ellis, SP; Grunebaum, MF; John Mann, J; Oquendo, MA, 2012)
"Outpatients with chronic or recurrent major depression (MDD) were randomized to initial treatment with escitalopram+placebo (the MONO condition), bupropion-sustained release+escitalopram, or venlafaxine-extended release+mirtazapine (the COMB conditions) in the Combining Medications to Enhance Depression Outcomes (CO-MED) trial."	5.15	Randomized comparison of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (escitalopram) monotherapy and antidepressant combination pharmacotherapy for major depressive disorder with melancholic features: a CO-MED report. ( Bobo, WV; Chen, H; Cook, IA; Fava, M; Husain, MM; Kornstein, SG; Kurian, BT; Lesser, IM; Luther, JF; Morris, DW; Nierenberg, AA; Rush, AJ; Shelton, RC; Stewart, JW; Trivedi, MH; Warden, D; Wisniewski, SR, 2011)
"Relatively treatment-naive depressed outpatients (with DSM-IV diagnoses of major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, or depression not otherwise specified) were initially treated with a combination of escitalopram (ESC) plus bupropion (BUP), using rapid dose escalation to ESC 40 mg/day plus BUP 400 to 450 mg/day by study day 15 in an open-label, 8-week study."	5.14	Does dual antidepressant therapy as initial treatment hasten and increase remission from depression? ( Deliyannides, RA; McGrath, PJ; Quitkin, FM; Stewart, JW, 2009)
"Bupropion's efficacy for smoking cessation in pregnant women is unknown."	5.14	The relationship between antidepressant use and smoking cessation in pregnant women in treatment for substance abuse. ( Brigham, EP; Chisolm, MS; Jones, HE; Strain, EC; Tuten, M, 2010)
"We conducted a 12-week open-label study of bupropion in 18 depressed asthma patients."	5.12	Bupropion in the treatment of outpatients with asthma and major depressive disorder. ( Brown, ES; Khan, DA; Rush, AJ; Vornik, LA, 2007)
"Our objective was to determine if pretreatment anxiety levels were associated with preferential response to bupropion sustained release (n = 122) or sertraline (n = 126) during a 16-week randomized acute phase treatment study."	5.09	Response in relation to baseline anxiety levels in major depressive disorder treated with bupropion sustained release or sertraline. ( Ascher, JA; Batey, SR; Bolden-Watson, C; Carmody, TJ; Donahue, RM; Houser, TL; Metz, A; Rush, AJ; Trivedi, MH, 2001)
"We obtained access to IPD from seven placebo-controlled trials comparing bupropion, duloxetine, escitalopram, mirtazapine, paroxetine or venlafaxine with placebo in the acute phase treatment of major depression (total n = 2803)."	5.01	Exploratory analyses of effect modifiers in the antidepressant treatment of major depression: Individual-participant data meta-analysis of 2803 participants in seven placebo-controlled randomized trials. ( Cipriani, A; Furukawa, TA; Ikeda, K; Imai, H; Maruo, K; Noma, H; Shinohara, K; Tanaka, S; Yamawaki, S, 2019)
"The goal of this work was to compare the efficacy of the norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor bupropion with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in the treatment of anxiety symptoms in major depressive disorder (MDD)."	4.84	Efficacy of bupropion and the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the treatment of anxiety symptoms in major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from 10 double-blind, randomized clinical trials. ( Alpert, JE; Goodale, EP; Krishen, A; Papakostas, GI; Seifert, CA; Trivedi, MH; Tucker, VL, 2008)
"Bupropion is an effective treatment for major depressive disorder and smoking cessation."	4.02	Acute dystonia following epileptic seizure after bupropion intoxication. ( Çim, EFA; Kamış, GZ; Kurhan, F, 2021)
"Bupropion is associated with a dose-dependent increased risk of seizures."	3.85	Concurrent Electroconvulsive Therapy and Bupropion Treatment. ( Geske, JR; Leung, JG; Murphy, LL; Palmer, BA; Takala, CR, 2017)
" Varenicline, bupropion and nicotine replacement therapy are all indicated for smoking cessation; however funding by the Spanish national health system (SNHS) is limited."	3.85	Modelling a budgetary impact analysis for funding drug-based smoking cessation therapies for patients with major depressive disorder in Spain. ( Bruguera, E; Cedillo, S; Rejas-Gutiérrez, J, 2017)
"We report a case of a patient initiated on therapeutic doses of sustained-release bupropion for the management of major depressive disorder who subsequently developed acute agitated delirium that required ICU level care."	3.78	Agitated delirium associated with therapeutic doses of sustained-release bupropion. ( Barbarello-Andrews, L; Liu, MT; Mack, DR, 2012)
"We report on a 57-year-old woman, diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, whose panic disorder showed marked improvement after introduction of bupropion, a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor."	3.74	Treatment of panic disorder with bupropion in a patient with Parkinson's disease. ( Bäcker, A; Gebhardt, S; Krieg, JC; Röttgers, H; Schu, U, 2008)
"To demonstrate that bupropion sustained release (SR) can reduce the symptoms of fatigue experienced by cancer patients."	3.72	Bupropion sustained release treatment reduces fatigue in cancer patients. ( Cullum, JL; Pelletier, G; Simpson, JS; Wojciechowski, AE, 2004)
"Dextromethorphan-bupropion was not associated with psychotomimetic effects, weight gain, or sexual dysfunction."	3.11	Effect of AXS-05 (Dextromethorphan-Bupropion) in Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial. ( Anderson, A; Iosifescu, DV; Jacobson, M; Jones, A; Tabuteau, H, 2022)
"Treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) is imprecise and often involves trial-and-error to determine the most effective approach."	3.11	Exploration of baseline and early changes in neurocognitive characteristics as predictors of treatment response to bupropion, sertraline, and placebo in the EMBARC clinical trial. ( Alschuler, DM; Ang, YS; Bruder, GE; Carmody, T; Cooper, CM; Cusin, C; Deldin, P; Fava, M; Keilp, JG; McGrath, PJ; McInnis, MG; Oquendo, MA; Parsey, R; Pechtel, P; Pizzagalli, DA; Rutherford, A; Trivedi, MH; Webb, CA; Weissman, M, 2022)
"A total of 116 participants with major depressive disorder treated with sertraline in stage 1 served as an independent replication sample."	2.94	Pretreatment Reward Sensitivity and Frontostriatal Resting-State Functional Connectivity Are Associated With Response to Bupropion After Sertraline Nonresponse. ( Adams, P; Almeida, J; Ang, YS; Bruder, G; Carmody, T; Chase, HW; Chin Fatt, CR; Cooper, CM; Deckersbach, T; Deldin, P; Fava, M; Kaiser, R; McGrath, P; McInnis, MG; Oquendo, MA; Parsey, R; Phillips, ML; Pizzagalli, DA; Trivedi, MH; Webb, CA; Weissman, M, 2020)
"Patients diagnosed with PTSD showed more severe depressive symptoms at baseline and were less likely to achieve either remission or response by 12 weeks."	2.94	Impact of Concurrent Posttraumatic Stress Disorder on Outcomes of Antipsychotic Augmentation for Major Depressive Disorder With a Prior Failed Treatment: VAST-D Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Aslam, M; Chen, P; Davis, L; Hicks, PB; Iranmanesh, A; Johnson, GR; Jurjus, G; Lauro, K; Michalets, J; Mohamed, S; Pilkinton, P; Rao, SD; Sapra, M; Sevilimedu, V; Thase, M; Wilcox, JA; Zisook, S, 2020)
" Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Augmentation and Switching Treatments for Improving Depression Outcomes (VAST-D) study, a multisite, randomized, single-blind trial of 1,522 Veterans Health Administration patients who did not have an adequate response to at least one course of antidepressant treatment meeting minimal standards for dosage and duration."	2.90	General Predictors and Moderators of Depression Remission: A VAST-D Report. ( Chen, P; Davis, L; Hicks, P; Johnson, GR; Mohamed, S; Tal, I; Thase, M; Vertrees, J; Zhao, Y; Zisook, S, 2019)
" Adverse events were reported by 313 patients (bupropion XL, n = 157; escitalopram, n = 156); the most common on-treatment adverse event in both groups was nausea (10."	2.90	Efficacy and safety of bupropion hydrochloride extended-release versus escitalopram oxalate in Chinese patients with major depressive disorder: Results from a randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority trial. ( Hu, J; Li, H; Li, Y; Shen, Y; Tan, Y; Wang, Z; Xu, X; Yu, Y; Zhang, H; Zhao, Q; Zhong, J, 2019)
"Less than one-third of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) achieve remission with their first antidepressant."	2.84	Effect of Antidepressant Switching vs Augmentation on Remission Among Patients With Major Depressive Disorder Unresponsive to Antidepressant Treatment: The VAST-D Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Albers, LJ; Anderson, KD; Anderson, WG; Aslam, M; Beresford, T; Carrera, CJ; Chen, P; Connolly, KR; D'Souza, DC; Davis, LL; Fareed, A; Fernando, R; Finkel, MS; Fischer, BA; Gleason, TC; Hicks, PB; Huang, GD; Hurley, R; Iranmanesh, A; Johnson, GR; Jones, KA; Juergens, TM; Jurjus, G; Kasckow, J; Khatkhate, G; Klatt, M; LaMotte, J; Larson, G; Lawrence, DD; Lieske, S; Little, JT; Loreck, DJ; Marri, S; Mayeda, AR; Michalets, JP; Mohamed, S; Nasdahl, CS; Niculescu, AB; Nogues, CA; Pilkinton, PD; Planeta, B; Ramaswamy, S; Rao, SD; Rosenlicht, N; Sapra, M; Scrymgeour, A; Suppes, T; Tal, I; Tapp, A; Thase, ME; Thompson, SI; Vertrees, JE; Villarreal, G; Weingart, K; Westermeyer, J; Wilcox, JA; Williams, SS; Winston, JL; Yoon, G; Yoon, J; Zisook, S, 2017)
"Approximately 50% of patients with major depressive disorder do not respond adequately to their antidepressant treatment, underscoring the need for more effective treatment options."	2.84	Switching from Inadequate Adjunctive or Combination Treatment Options to Brexpiprazole Adjunctive to Antidepressant: An Open-Label Study on the Effects on Depressive Symptoms and Cognitive and Physical Functioning. ( Baker, RA; Fava, M; Matsushima, Y; Okame, T; Perry, P; Weiller, E, 2017)
"Overall, both treatments significantly improved depressive symptoms without causing serious adverse events."	2.84	Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Aripiprazole Versus Bupropion Augmentation in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder Unresponsive to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors: A Randomized, Prospective, Open-Label Study. ( Cheon, EJ; Koo, BH; Lee, JH; Lee, KH; Lee, SJ; Park, YW; Sung, HM, 2017)
"Esketamine was approved for adults with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in conjunction with an oral antidepressant, and for treating depressive symptoms in adults with major depressive disorder with acute suicidal ideation or behavior."	2.82	Craving and addictive potential of esketamine as side effects? ( Orsolini, L; Salvi, V; Volpe, U, 2022)
"Bupropion (BUP) is a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor frequently used in prisons."	2.82	Bupropion XL unapproved use in the prisons: Two cases focused on the bupropion pharmacology. ( Oravecz, R; Stuhec, M, 2022)
"Most patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) report clinically significant sleep problems."	2.80	Pre-treatment insomnia as a predictor of single and combination antidepressant outcomes: a CO-MED report. ( Luther, JF; Rush, AJ; Sung, SC; Trivedi, MH; Wisniewski, SR, 2015)
"Reduced suicidal ideation was best predicted by a combination of the independent improvements in both depression symptomatology and verbal memory."	2.80	Treatment-related improvement in neuropsychological functioning in suicidal depressed patients: paroxetine vs. bupropion. ( Burke, A; Gorlyn, M; Grunebaum, M; Keilp, J; Mann, JJ; Oquendo, M, 2015)
"Because two-thirds of patients with Major Depressive Disorder do not achieve remission with their first antidepressant, we designed a trial of three "next-step" strategies: switching to another antidepressant (bupropion-SR) or augmenting the current antidepressant with either another antidepressant (bupropion-SR) or with an atypical antipsychotic (aripiprazole)."	2.80	The VA augmentation and switching treatments for improving depression outcomes (VAST-D) study: Rationale and design considerations. ( Biswas, K; Chen, P; Davis, LL; Gerrity, M; Gleason, TC; Guarino, PD; Hicks, P; Huang, GD; Johnson, GR; Kelada, A; Kilbourne, AM; Kirkwood, KA; Lawrence, DD; LeGwin, M; Marder, S; Mohamed, S; Vertrees, JE; Weingart, K; Yoon, J; Young, IT; Zisook, S, 2015)
"Two hundred forty-five outpatients aged 18-65 having non-psychotic, non-bipolar major depression were randomly assigned to double-blind treatment with bupropion or escitalopram or the combination dosed to a maximum of bupropion 450 mg/d and/or escitalopram 40 mg/d for 12 weeks."	2.79	Combination antidepressant therapy for major depressive disorder: speed and probability of remission. ( Amat, J; Bergeron, R; Blier, P; Blondeau, C; Chen, Y; Deliyannides, DA; Hellerstein, D; Laberge, L; McGrath, PJ; Norris, S; O'Shea, D; Pilowsky, DJ; Stewart, JW; Tessier, P; Withers, A, 2014)
"Patients (N = 245) meeting criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD), diagnosed with DSM-IV-TR, were randomly assigned to double-blind treatment with bupropion extended-release, escitalopram, or the combination."	2.79	Does negative affectivity predict differential response to an SSRI versus a non-SSRI antidepressant? ( Amat, JA; Blier, P; Gerra, ML; Hellerstein, DJ; Marchesi, C; Stewart, JW, 2014)
"Clinical trials in major depressive disorder (MDD) commonly assess remission at a single endpoint."	2.78	Quantitative electroencephalogram biomarkers for predicting likelihood and speed of achieving sustained remission in major depression: a report from the biomarkers for rapid identification of treatment effectiveness in major depression (BRITE-MD) trial. ( Burgoyne, KS; Cook, IA; Gilmer, WS; Greenwald, S; Howland, RH; Hunter, AM; Iosifescu, DV; Jain, R; Leuchter, AF; Trivedi, MH; Zisook, S, 2013)
"Prior studies have suggested that major depressive disorder (MDD) with pre-adult onset represents a distinct subtype with greater symptom severity and higher rates of suicidal ideation."	2.78	Does early-onset chronic or recurrent major depression impact outcomes with antidepressant medications? A CO-MED trial report. ( Balasubramani, GK; Kurian, B; Rush, AJ; Sung, SC; Trivedi, MH; Warden, D; Wisniewski, SR; Zisook, S, 2013)
"Bupropion has been evaluated as a potential treatment for MDD and substance dependence."	2.77	Bupropion in the treatment of problematic online game play in patients with major depressive disorder. ( Han, DH; Renshaw, PF, 2012)
"The co-occurrence of substance use disorder (SUD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) is common and is often thought to impair response to antidepressant therapy."	2.77	Effect of concurrent substance use disorder on the effectiveness of single and combination antidepressant medications for the treatment of major depression: an exploratory analysis of a single-blind randomized trial. ( Balasubramani, GK; Davis, LL; Fava, M; Gaynes, BN; Howland, RH; Pilkinton, P; Rush, AJ; Trivedi, MH; Wisniewski, SR; Zisook, S, 2012)
" A total of 218 women (25-45 years old) with SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction were randomized to receive 12 weeks of double-blind fixed dosed treatment with bupropion sustained release 150 mg b."	2.76	Reversal of SSRI-induced female sexual dysfunction by adjunctive bupropion in menstruating women: a double-blind, placebo-controlled and randomized study. ( Safarinejad, MR, 2011)
"Baseline suicidal ideation was associated with greater depressive severity, childhood neglect, childhood abuse, early major depressive disorder onset, greater psychiatric comorbidity, and worse functioning and quality of life."	2.76	Effect of antidepressant medication treatment on suicidal ideation and behavior in a randomized trial: an exploratory report from the Combining Medications to Enhance Depression Outcomes Study. ( Fava, M; Kallenberg, G; Lebowitz, B; Lesser, IM; Luther, JF; Morris, DW; Nierenberg, AA; Rush, AJ; Trivedi, MH; Wisniewski, SR; Zisook, S, 2011)
"Patients with major depressive disorder were randomized to once-daily treatment with bupropion XR 150 mg (n = 204), the extended-release formulation of venlafaxine (venlafaxine XR) 75 mg (n = 198) or placebo (n = 189) during weeks 1 to 4, with the option to double the dose at week 5 if response was inadequate."	2.75	Double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of the antidepressant efficacy and tolerability of bupropion XR and venlafaxine XR. ( Evoniuk, G; Gee, MD; Hewett, K; Krishen, A; Le Clus, A; Modell, JG; Wunderlich, HP, 2010)
"Bupropion is an effective treatment for male SD induced by SSRIs."	2.75	The effects of the adjunctive bupropion on male sexual dysfunction induced by a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor: a double-blind placebo-controlled and randomized study. ( Safarinejad, MR, 2010)
"To present an economic model and cost-effectiveness estimates of switching to bupropion compared to combination with bupropion after failure of an SSRI for major depressive disorder (MDD)."	2.75	Developing thai economic model to study cost-effectiveness of switching to bupropion compared to combination with bupropion after the failure of an SSRI for major depressive disorder. ( Leelahanaj, T, 2010)
"Attrition rates are high during treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD), and patients who drop out are less likely to reach remission."	2.74	What predicts attrition in second step medication treatments for depression?: a STAR*D Report. ( Balasubramani, GK; Kornstein, SG; Lesser, IM; Nierenberg, AA; Preskorn, SH; Rush, AJ; Shores-Wilson, K; Thase, ME; Trivedi, MH; Warden, D; Wisniewski, SR; Young, EA, 2009)
" At the end of the fourth week of treatment, a dosage increase to bupropion XR 300 mg/day or venlafaxine XR 150 mg/day was allowed if, in the opinion of the investigator, response was inadequate."	2.74	Eight-week, placebo-controlled, double-blind comparison of the antidepressant efficacy and tolerability of bupropion XR and venlafaxine XR. ( Chrzanowski, W; Gee, M; Hewett, K; Krishen, A; Leary, MO; Milanova, V; Millen, L; Modell, J; Savela, A; Schmitz, M, 2009)
"Sertraline hydrochloride was started at 50 mg/d and incrementally increased to 200 mg/d."	2.73	Selecting among second-step antidepressant medication monotherapies: predictive value of clinical, demographic, or first-step treatment features. ( Davis, LL; Fava, M; Luther, JF; Nierenberg, AA; Rush, AJ; Trivedi, MH; Warden, D; Wisniewski, SR, 2008)
"Treatment with bupropion XL was associated with improvements in HAM-D and Clinical Global Impressions scale ratings (p < ."	2.73	Effect of bupropion extended release on negative emotion processing in major depressive disorder: a pilot functional magnetic resonance imaging study. ( Aiello, M; Beyer, J; Diaz, MT; Doraiswamy, PM; Gersing, K; McCarthy, G; Mukundan, S; Robertson, B; Wang, L, 2007)
"Studies in bipolar depression with DXM/bupropion are warranted as well as in MDD with suicidality."	2.72	Efficacy of dextromethorphan for the treatment of depression: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical trials. ( Cao, B; Ho, R; Majeed, A; McIntyre, RS; Ng, J; Phan, L; Rosenblat, JD; Teopiz, KM; Xiong, J, 2021)
"Bupropion XL was superior to placebo at endpoint in reducing the IDS-IVR-30 total score (p = ."	2.72	Extended-release bupropion for patients with major depressive disorder presenting with symptoms of reduced energy, pleasure, and interest: findings from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. ( Hampton, KD; Jefferson, JW; Krishen, A; Modell, JG; Nelson, JC; Rush, AJ; VanMeter, SA; Wightman, DS, 2006)
"Up to 50% of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) fail to respond to an antidepressant trial, with most taking a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) as an initial treatment."	2.71	Switching to bupropion in fluoxetine-resistant major depressive disorder. ( Fava, M; Mahal, Y; McGrath, P; Papakostas, GI; Petersen, T; Quitkin, F; Stewart, J, 2003)
"Patients with DSM-IV major depressive disorder who had not responded to at least 1 previous antidepressant and at least 6 weeks of treatment with citalopram or bupropion-SR were treated in a standard clinical protocol."	2.71	Citalopram and bupropion-SR: combining versus switching in patients with treatment-resistant depression. ( Hossie, H; Lam, RW; Solomons, K; Yatham, LN, 2004)
"Treatment with bupropion lasted for 8 wk."	2.71	Effect of treatment with bupropion on EEG sleep: relationship to antidepressant response. ( Gertsik, L; Lin, KM; Ott, GE; Poland, RE; Rao, U, 2004)
"Bupropion was associated with higher point-prevalence smoking abstinence at the end of medication compared to placebo (P = ."	2.71	Efficacy of bupropion for relapse prevention in smokers with and without a past history of major depression. ( Buist, AS; Cox, LS; Decker, PA; Hurt, RD; Niaura, RS; Patten, CA; Rigotti, N; Sachs, DP, 2004)
"Up to a third of elderly patients with major depressive disorder are treatment resistant, yet little objective evidence is available to guide the clinician in managing these patients."	2.71	Geriatric depression treatment in nonresponders to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. ( Basinski, J; Begley, A; Dew, MA; Farhi, P; Mulsant, BH; Reynolds, CF; Whyte, EM, 2004)
"Bupropion SR treatment did not suppress electrophysiologic measures of REM sleep, nor did it alter an indirect measure of global metabolism during either waking or REM sleep."	2.70	Effects of bupropion SR on anterior paralimbic function during waking and REM sleep in depression: preliminary findings using. ( Berman, S; Fasiczka, A; Meltzer, CC; Miewald, JM; Nofzinger, EA; Price, JC; Sembrat, RC; Thase, ME; Wood, A, 2001)
"Bupropion is a second-generation antidepressant, with a mechanism of action different from most antidepressants, in that it is a dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor."	2.47	The efficacy and tolerability of bupropion in the treatment of major depressive disorder. ( Moreira, R, 2011)
"Bupropion is presumed to be a dopamine-noradrenaline (norepinephrine) reuptake inhibitor and is an effective antidepressant."	2.44	Spotlight on bupropion in major depressive disorder. ( Curran, MP; Dhillon, S; Yang, LP, 2008)
"Commonly co-occurring psychiatric disorders are disruptive behavior disorder, anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder and substance use disorders."	2.44	Treating common psychiatric disorders associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. ( Dewan, M; Faraone, SV; Kunwar, A, 2007)
"Bupropion is an atypical antidepressant, chemically unrelated to classical agents such as tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and other contemporary antidepressants."	2.44	Fatigue as a core symptom in major depressive disorder: overview and the role of bupropion. ( Han, C; Lee, C; Lim, HK; Masand, PS; Pae, CU; Patkar, AA; Steffens, DC, 2007)
"Bupropion is presumed to be a dopamine-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and is an effective antidepressant."	2.44	Bupropion: a review of its use in the management of major depressive disorder. ( Curran, MP; Dhillon, S; Yang, LP, 2008)
"Bupropion and the SSRIs were equivalently effective and, overall, both treatments were well tolerated."	2.43	Remission rates following antidepressant therapy with bupropion or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: a meta-analysis of original data from 7 randomized controlled trials. ( Haight, BR; Harriett, AE; Mitton, M; Modell, JG; Richard, N; Rockett, CB; Thase, ME; VanMeter, S; Wang, Y, 2005)
" Understanding the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties and formulations of bupropion can help optimize clinical use."	2.43	Bupropion for major depressive disorder: Pharmacokinetic and formulation considerations. ( Jefferson, JW; Muir, KT; Pradko, JF, 2005)
"Fatigue and sleepiness (hypersomnia) are symptoms that are highly prevalent in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD)."	2.43	Symptoms of fatigue and sleepiness in major depressive disorder. ( Baldwin, DS; Papakostas, GI, 2006)
"There was a greater improvement in hypersomnia scores among bupropion-treated than SSRI-treated (p < ."	2.43	Resolution of sleepiness and fatigue in major depressive disorder: A comparison of bupropion and the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. ( Fava, M; Hallett, LA; Krishen, A; Nutt, DJ; Papakostas, GI; Tucker, VL, 2006)
"Bupropion is widely used for the treatment of major depressive disorder and for smoking cessation assistance."	1.91	The role of decision tree and machine learning models for outcome prediction of bupropion exposure: A nationwide analysis of more than 14 000 patients in the United States. ( Abdollahi, J; Goss, F; Mehrpour, O; Saeedi, F; Shirazi, FM; Vohra, V, 2023)
"Guidance on Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) treatment in those with comorbid Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is limited."	1.91	Treatment outcomes in major depressive disorder in patients with comorbid alcohol use disorder: A STAR*D analysis. ( Blumberger, DM; Daskalakis, ZJ; Jones, BDM; Le Foll, B; Sloan, ME; Tang, VM; Voineskos, D; Wang, G; Weissman, CR; Yu, D, 2023)
"Although there is no pharmacological treatment for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) itself, behavioral and pharmacological therapies have been used to address its symptoms and common comorbidities."	1.62	Medication Use in the Management of Comorbidities Among Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder From a Large Nationwide Insurance Database. ( Avillach, P; Feroe, AG; Greenspun, P; Gutiérrez-Sacristán, A; Kohane, IS; Mousavi, S; Surati, R; Uppal, N, 2021)
"Delirium is common in daily practice."	1.46	Delirium associated with concomitant use of duloxetine and bupropion in an elderly patient. ( Chang, CC; Hsu, WY; Ma, SP; Tsai, CJ, 2017)
"Bupropion-agomelatine cotreatment was well tolerated and laboratory adverse effect parameters were not altered."	1.42	Combination of agomelatine and bupropion for treatment-resistant depression: results from a chart review study including a matched control group. ( Bleich, S; Correll, C; Eberlein, CK; Frieling, H; Kahl, KG; Pul, R; Sühs, KW, 2015)
" We calculated the ratio of the mean doses for each study and weighted it by the total sample size to find the weighted mean ratio for each drug, which was then used to define the drug׳s dosage equivalent to fluoxetine 40mg/d."	1.42	Dose equivalents of antidepressants: Evidence-based recommendations from randomized controlled trials. ( Barbui, C; Cipriani, A; Furukawa, TA; Hayasaka, Y; Leucht, S; Magni, LR; Ogawa, Y; Purgato, M; Takeshima, N, 2015)
"Aripiprazole has been considered as a dopamine stabilizer and was the first atypical antipsychotic agent approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as an adjunctive to the treatment of unipolar MDD."	1.40	Killing two birds with one stone: the potential role of aripiprazole for patients with comorbid major depressive disorder and nicotine dependence via altering brain activity in the anterior cingulate cortex. ( Chang, CC; Chang, HA; Chen, TY; Chu, CS; Tzeng, NS, 2014)
" Patients with titration (defined as antidepressant initiation at doses equal or lesser than American Psychiatric Association treatment guidelines with a dosage increase in the first 60 days of treatment) were compared to patients with no titration."	1.38	The association between antidepressant dosage titration and medication adherence among patients with depression. ( Farley, JF; Gaynes, BN; Wu, CH, 2012)
"Major depressive disorder (MDD) and type 2 diabetes have independent adverse effects on sexual functioning (SF)."	1.37	Improvement in sexual functioning in patients with type 2 diabetes and depression treated with bupropion. ( Gott, BM; Lustman, PJ; Nix, BD; Sayuk, GS, 2011)
"However, the seizure threshold may be influenced by psychotropic drugs."	1.37	Partial status epilepticus after electroconvulsive therapy and medical treatment with bupropion. ( Dersch, R; Voderholzer, U; Zwernemann, S, 2011)
"Bupropion treatment was successful in all patients, resulting in remission of symptoms and the patients returning to their normal lives."	1.37	Bupropion in the treatment of major depressive disorder in real-life practice. ( Marques da Silva, MA; Sennfelt, DA; Tavares, AP, 2011)
"CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes, poor initial response to antidepressant medication is predicted by multiple factors."	1.36	Antidepressant pharmacotherapy in adults with type 2 diabetes: rates and predictors of initial response. ( Anderson, RJ; Freedland, KE; Gott, BM; Lustman, PJ; Sayuk, GS, 2010)
"Acute dystonia is commonly associated with high-potency antipsychotics."	1.34	Acute dystonia resulting from abrupt bupropion discontinuation. ( Chou, WJ; Huang, TY; Hung, CF; Wang, HY, 2007)
"Augmentation strategies for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) are needed when patients with MDD have not tolerated or responded to antidepressant monotherapies."	1.34	Augmentation strategies to increase antidepressant efficacy. ( Shelton, RC, 2007)
" Pharmacokinetic variables were determined by noncompartmental analysis for bupropion and exponential analyses for metabolites."	1.33	Steady-state clinical pharmacokinetics of bupropion extended-release in youths. ( Axelson, DA; Birmaher, B; Brent, DA; Daviss, WB; Melhem, I; Perel, JM; Rudolph, GR, 2006)
" They have apparently safe cardiac safety profiles in both therapeutic and supratherapeutic doses, but recently the Federal Drug Administration has issued a caution regarding ziprasidone use in combination with other drugs that are known to prolong the QTc interval."	1.32	Cardiotoxicity associated with intentional ziprasidone and bupropion overdose. ( Biswas, AK; Mayes, KL; Morris-Kukoski, CL; Zabrocki, LA, 2003)
"Bupropion has an antidepressant effect through blocking the dopamine transporter."	1.32	[Change of dopamine transporter activity (DAT) during the action of bupropion (in depression)]. ( Argyelán, M; Janka, Z; Kanyó, B; Pávics, L; Szabó, Z, 2004)
" This study evaluates a clinician-administered scale, the Toronto Side Effect Scale (TSES), in a natural practice clinic."	1.31	Antidepressant side effects in depression patients treated in a naturalistic setting: a study of bupropion, moclobemide, paroxetine, sertraline, and venlafaxine. ( Bagby, RM; Kennedy, SH; Vanderkooy, JD, 2002)

Research

Studies (226)

Authors

Clinical Trials (40)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

CO-Confirmed Continuous Abstinence for Weeks 9 Through 12 (Overall)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	3 (1.33)	18.2507
2000's	90 (39.82)	29.6817
2010's	96 (42.48)	24.3611
2020's	37 (16.37)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Nguyen, KP	1
Chin Fatt, C	1
Treacher, A	1
Mellema, C	1
Cooper, C	1
Jha, MK	6
Kurian, B	2
Fava, M	27
McGrath, PJ	7
Weissman, M	3
Phillips, ML	2
Trivedi, MH	33
Montillo, AA	1
Orsolini, L	1
Salvi, V	1
Volpe, U	1
Cinciripini, PM	1
Kypriotakis, G	1
Green, C	1
Lawrence, D	1
Anthenelli, RM	1
Minnix, J	1
Blalock, JA	1
Beneventi, D	1
Morris, C	1
Karam-Hage, M	1
Tabuteau, H	2
Jones, A	2
Anderson, A	2
Jacobson, M	1
Iosifescu, DV	5
O'Gorman, C	1
Streicher, C	1
Feliz, S	1
Schwalsberger, K	1
Reininghaus, B	1
Reiter, A	1
Dalkner, N	1
Fleischmann, E	1
Fellendorf, F	1
Platzer, M	1
Reininghaus, EZ	1
Peters, EM	1
Balbuena, L	1
Lodhi, RJ	1
Abo Aoun, M	1
Meek, BP	1
Clair, L	1
Wikstrom, S	1
Prasad, B	1
Modirrousta, M	1
Oravecz, R	1
Stuhec, M	1
Keam, SJ	1
Ahmed, R	2
Boyd, BD	2
Elson, D	2
Albert, K	2
Begnoche, P	2
Kang, H	2
Landman, BA	2
Szymkowicz, SM	2
Andrews, P	2
Vega, J	2
Taylor, WD	2
Parincu, Z	1
Aschenbrenner, DS	1
Mehrpour, O	1
Saeedi, F	1
Vohra, V	1
Abdollahi, J	1
Shirazi, FM	1
Goss, F	1
Zhou, Q	1
Li, X	1
Yang, D	1
Xiong, C	1
Xiong, Z	1
Scala, M	1
Fanelli, G	1
De Ronchi, D	2
Serretti, A	2
Fabbri, C	1
Tang, VM	1
Yu, D	2
Weissman, CR	2
Jones, BDM	1
Wang, G	1
Sloan, ME	1
Blumberger, DM	2
Daskalakis, ZJ	3
Le Foll, B	1
Voineskos, D	1
Akbar, D	1
Rhee, TG	1
Ceban, F	1
Ho, R	2
Teopiz, KM	2
Cao, B	2
Subramaniapillai, M	1
Kwan, ATH	1
Rosenblat, JD	2
McIntyre, RS	4
Mathews, M	1
Mathews, N	1
Jamal, F	1
Papa-Molter, A	1
Chen, C	1
Shan, W	1
Salisbury-Afshar, E	1
Rakesh, G	1
Mischel, NA	1
Gunderson-Falcone, G	1
Copeland, D	1
Szabo, ST	1
Weiner, RD	1
Kharasch, ED	2
Neiner, A	2
Kraus, K	2
Blood, J	2
Stevens, A	2
Miller, JP	2
Lenze, EJ	4
Gaebler, AJ	1
Schneider, KL	1
Stingl, JC	1
Paulzen, M	1
de la Salle, S	1
Jaworska, N	2
Blier, P	6
Smith, D	2
Knott, V	2
Ang, YS	2
Kaiser, R	1
Deckersbach, T	1
Almeida, J	1
Chase, HW	1
Webb, CA	2
Parsey, R	2
McGrath, P	2
Adams, P	1
Deldin, P	2
Oquendo, MA	6
McInnis, MG	2
Carmody, T	3
Bruder, G	1
Cooper, CM	2
Chin Fatt, CR	1
Pizzagalli, DA	2
Mohamed, S	6
Johnson, GR	6
Sevilimedu, V	1
Rao, SD	2
Hicks, PB	2
Chen, P	6
Lauro, K	1
Jurjus, G	2
Pilkinton, P	2
Davis, L	2
Wilcox, JA	3
Iranmanesh, A	3
Sapra, M	3
Aslam, M	2
Michalets, J	1
Thase, M	2
Zisook, S	13
Naguy, A	1
Alamiri, B	1
Rush, AJ	29
South, C	2
Jain, SB	1
Tafseer, S	1
Gupta, R	1
Ahmad, R	1
Jain, S	1
Bhatia, MS	1
Gupta, LK	1
Bruder, GE	2
Keilp, JG	4
Rutherford, A	1
Alschuler, DM	1
Pechtel, P	1
Cusin, C	1
Gonçalves, CL	1
Abelaira, HM	1
Rosa, T	1
de Moura, AB	1
Veron, DC	1
Borba, LA	1
Botelho, MEM	1
Goldim, MP	1
Garbossa, L	1
Fileti, ME	1
Petronilho, F	1
Ignácio, ZM	1
Quevedo, J	1
Réus, GZ	1
Hadas, I	1
Jones, B	1
Kong, D	1
Mulsant, BH	4
Lee, WK	1
Au Yeung, KL	1
Lam, HB	1
Wong, CK	1
Wong, TC	1
Fu, CK	1
Sham, SK	1
Au, MK	1
Lam, TC	1
Ki-Yan Mak, D	1
Majeed, A	1
Xiong, J	1
Ng, J	1
Phan, L	1
Allen, S	1
Thomas, J	1
Harrison, K	1
Emery, RL	1
Petersen, A	1
Winickoff, JP	1
Japuntich, S	1
Kurhan, F	1
Kamış, GZ	1
Çim, EFA	1
Gandotra, K	1
Jaskiw, GE	1
Williams, SG	1
Fuller, MA	1
Wilson, B	1
ElGhoul, R	1
Konicki, E	1
Strohl, KP	1
Feroe, AG	1
Uppal, N	1
Gutiérrez-Sacristán, A	1
Mousavi, S	1
Greenspun, P	1
Surati, R	1
Kohane, IS	1
Avillach, P	1
Takala, CR	1
Leung, JG	1
Murphy, LL	1
Geske, JR	1
Palmer, BA	1
Davis, LL	5
Yoon, J	4
Gleason, TC	2
Vertrees, JE	3
Weingart, K	3
Tal, I	3
Scrymgeour, A	2
Lawrence, DD	2
Planeta, B	1
Thase, ME	12
Huang, GD	3
Pilkinton, PD	2
Michalets, JP	1
Beresford, T	1
Anderson, KD	1
Fernando, R	1
Ramaswamy, S	1
Kasckow, J	1
Westermeyer, J	1
Yoon, G	1
D'Souza, DC	1
Larson, G	1
Anderson, WG	1
Klatt, M	1
Fareed, A	1
Thompson, SI	1
Carrera, CJ	1
Williams, SS	1
Juergens, TM	1
Albers, LJ	1
Nasdahl, CS	1
Villarreal, G	1
Winston, JL	1
Nogues, CA	1
Connolly, KR	1
Tapp, A	1
Jones, KA	1
Khatkhate, G	1
Marri, S	1
Suppes, T	1
LaMotte, J	1
Hurley, R	1
Mayeda, AR	1
Niculescu, AB	1
Fischer, BA	1
Loreck, DJ	1
Rosenlicht, N	1
Lieske, S	1
Finkel, MS	1
Little, JT	1
Minhajuddin, A	3
Gadad, BS	1
Greer, TL	2
Mayes, TL	1
Rejas-Gutiérrez, J	1
Bruguera, E	1
Cedillo, S	1
Mishra, DK	1
Sardesai, U	1
Rastogi, P	1
Na, KS	1
Jung, HY	1
Cho, SJ	1
Cho, SE	1
Guerdjikova, AI	1
Walsh, B	1
Shan, K	1
Halseth, AE	1
Dunayevich, E	1
McElroy, SL	1
Ellis, SP	4
Gorlyn, M	2
Burke, AK	4
Mann, JJ	4
Grunebaum, MF	4
Aladeen, T	1
Westphal, E	1
Lee, Y	1
Rong, C	1
Rainka, M	1
Capote, H	1
Wakhlu, S	1
Dronamraju, N	1
Parris, MS	1
Marver, JE	1
Chaudhury, SR	1
Metts, AV	1
Kavirajan, H	1
Malchow, AL	1
Grannemann, BD	2
Lewis, CP	1
Camsari, DD	1
Sonmez, AI	1
Nandakumar, AL	1
Gresbrink, MA	1
Croarkin, PE	1
De La Garza, N	1
Killian, MO	1
Carmody, TJ	3
Schweiger, J	1
Park, A	1
Noma, H	1
Furukawa, TA	2
Maruo, K	1
Imai, H	1
Shinohara, K	1
Tanaka, S	1
Ikeda, K	1
Yamawaki, S	1
Cipriani, A	2
Hicks, P	3
Zhao, Y	1
Vertrees, J	1
Shen, Y	1
Zhao, Q	1
Yu, Y	1
Tan, Y	1
Zhang, H	1
Xu, X	1
Wang, Z	1
Li, Y	1
Hu, J	1
Zhong, J	1
Li, H	1
Cook, IA	4
Hunter, AM	1
Gilmer, WS	2
Burgoyne, KS	2
Howland, RH	3
Jain, R	2
Greenwald, S	2
Leuchter, AF	3
Andrade, C	1
De Somma, E	1
Blondeau, C	2
Tessier, P	2
Norris, S	2
Fusee, W	1
van der Meer, RM	1
Willemsen, MC	1
Smit, F	1
Cuijpers, P	1
Seo, HJ	1
Lee, BC	1
Seok, JH	1
Jeon, HJ	1
Paik, JW	1
Kim, W	1
Kwak, KP	1
Han, C	2
Lee, KU	1
Pae, CU	2
Maneeton, N	1
Maneeton, B	1
Eurviriyanukul, K	1
Srisurapanont, M	1
Sudol, K	1
Bauer, N	1
Schramm, PJ	1
Poland, RE	3
Rao, U	3
Cooper, JA	1
Tucker, VL	6
Papakostas, GI	11
Stewart, JW	8
Deliyannides, DA	1
Hellerstein, D	1
Amat, J	1
Pilowsky, DJ	1
Laberge, L	2
O'Shea, D	1
Chen, Y	1
Withers, A	1
Bergeron, R	2
Warden, D	13
Toups, M	1
Lesser, I	1
Myers, A	1
Kurian, KR	1
Morris, D	1
Lai, CH	2
Hou, YC	1
Clayton, AH	5
Baker, RA	2
Sheehan, JJ	1
Cain, ZJ	1
Forbes, RA	1
Marler, SV	1
Marcus, R	1
Berman, RM	1
Chu, CS	1
Tzeng, NS	1
Chang, HA	1
Chang, CC	2
Chen, TY	1
Soczynska, JK	1
Ravindran, LN	1
Styra, R	1
Cyriac, A	1
Manierka, MS	1
Kennedy, SH	4
Gerra, ML	1
Marchesi, C	1
Amat, JA	1
Hellerstein, DJ	1
Alampay, MM	1
Haigney, MC	1
Flanagan, MC	1
Perito, RM	1
Love, KM	1
Grammer, GG	1
Sung, SC	3
Wisniewski, SR	18
Luther, JF	11
Çam, B	1
Bilgin, AA	1
El Mansari, M	1
Manta, S	1
Oosterhof, C	1
El Iskandrani, KS	1
Chenu, F	1
Shim, S	1
Keilp, J	1
Burke, A	1
Oquendo, M	1
Grunebaum, M	1
Sühs, KW	1
Correll, C	1
Eberlein, CK	1
Pul, R	1
Frieling, H	1
Bleich, S	1
Kahl, KG	1
Hayasaka, Y	1
Purgato, M	1
Magni, LR	1
Ogawa, Y	1
Takeshima, N	1
Barbui, C	1
Leucht, S	1
Surya, S	1
Rosenquist, PB	1
McCall, WV	1
Guarino, PD	1
Young, IT	1
Kirkwood, KA	1
Kilbourne, AM	1
Gerrity, M	1
Marder, S	1
Biswas, K	1
Kelada, A	1
LeGwin, M	1
Fawcett, J	1
Vukelich, J	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Phase 4, Randomized, Double-blind, Active And Placebo-controlled, Multicenter Study Evaluating The Neuropsychiatric Safety And Efficacy Of 12 Weeks Varenicline Tartrate 1mg Bid And Bupropion Hydrochloride 150mg Bid For Smoking Cessation In Subjects With[NCT01456936]	Phase 4	8,144 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-11-30	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Active-Controlled Trial of AXS-05 Administered Orally to Subjects With Major Depressive Disorder[NCT03595579]	Phase 2	97 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-05-30	Completed
AXS-05-MDD-301: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of AXS-05 in Subjects With Major Depressive Disorder[NCT04019704]	Phase 3	327 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-06-20	Completed
CSP #576 - VA Augmentation and Switching Treatments for Improving Depression Outcomes (VAST-D)[NCT01421342]	Phase 3	1,522 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-12-31	Completed
Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression[NCT00021528]	Phase 4	4,000 participants	Interventional	2001-07-31	Completed
Randomized Controlled Study on the Effect of Pharmacogenomics on Individualized Precise Treatment of Patients With Depression[NCT05669391]		120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-01-01	Not yet recruiting
Bupropion for the Prevention of Postpartum Smoking Relapse[NCT04098874]	Phase 4	200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-01-01	Recruiting
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Sequential Bilateral Accelerated Theta Burst Stimulation in Adolescents With Suicidal Ideation Associated With Major Depressive Disorder[NCT04502758]		80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-04-04	Recruiting
Combining Medications to Enhance Depression Outcomes[NCT00590863]	Phase 4	665 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-03-31	Completed
Fluvoxamine to Augment Olfactory Recovery For Long COVID-19 Parosmia (FluCOP Trial)[NCT05216614]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-12-14	Withdrawn (stopped due to Unable to obtain investigational product)
Observational Longitudinal Study of Individuals With Stimulant Use Disorder: Research and Development of a Biosignature[NCT06073340]		1,500 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2023-11-16	Recruiting
Suicide Assessment Methodology Study (SAMS)[NCT00532103]		300 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2007-07-31	Completed
A Multi-centre, Randomised, Double-blind, Parallel Active-controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Bupropion Hydrochloride Extended-release (Bupropion XL 300mg Once Daily), Escitalopram Oxalate (Escitalopram, 10mg-20mg Once Dai[NCT02191397]	Phase 3	534 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-02-10	Completed
Biomarkers for Rapid Identification of Treatment Effectiveness in Major Depression (BRITE-MD), a Prospective, Randomized, Multi-center Study to Determine the Efficacy of Selected EEG and Genotype Biomarkers for Predicting Response to Antidepressant Therap[NCT00289523]		375 participants (Actual)	Observational	2006-01-31	Completed
Behavioral Activation and Voucher-based Contingency Management for Smokers With Depression[NCT03163056]		180 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-01-26	Completed
Paroxetine Versus Bupropion for Suicide Ideators or Attempters With Major Depressive Disorder[NCT00429169]	Phase 4	101 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-06-30	Terminated (stopped due to Interim analysis showed differential treatment effects.)
Combining Antidepressants to Hasten Remission From Depression[NCT00519428]	Phase 4	245 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-08-31	Completed
A Multicenter, Long-Term, Open-label, Study to Assess the Safety and Tolerability of Aripiprazole as an Adjunctive Therapy in the Treatment of Outpatients With Major Depressive Disorder[NCT00095745]	Phase 3	1,002 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-09-30	Completed
Escitalopram and Language Intervention for Subacute Aphasia (ELISA)[NCT03843463]	Phase 2	88 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-07-18	Recruiting
A Phase 3b, Multicenter, Open-label Exploratory Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Subject Satisfaction With Brexpiprazole as Adjunctive Therapy in the Treatment of Adults With Major Depressive Disorder and an Inadequate Response to Previous Adju[NCT02012218]	Phase 3	61 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-11-30	Completed
A Pilot Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study to Investigate Rapid Antidepressant Effects of Leucine[NCT03079297]	Phase 2	16 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-03-09	Terminated (stopped due to Covid-19)
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Delivered Via Group Videoconferencing for Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients With Elevated Depression Symptoms[NCT03878160]		27 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-07-01	Completed
Combined Escitalopram/Bupropion as First Line Treatment for Depression, a Replication.[NCT00296712]	Phase 4	55 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-02-28	Completed
Xenon Inhalation Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder[NCT03748446]	Early Phase 1	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-12-05	Recruiting
Subanesthetic Sevoflurane for Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Proof-of-Concept Trial[NCT05008939]		15 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-08-31	Not yet recruiting
Care Management Technology to Facilitate Depression Care in Safety Net Diabetes Clinics[NCT01781013]		1,485 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-06-30	Completed
SSRI Versus Bupropion in High-Risk Major Depressive Disorder[NCT01748955]	Phase 4	15 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-06-30	Completed
Perinatal Stress and Gene Influences: Pathways to Infant Vulnerability[NCT00525226]		1,431 participants (Actual)	Observational	2007-09-30	Completed
Cannabidiol for Treatment Resistant Depression[NCT04732169]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-07-01	Withdrawn (stopped due to Investigator decided not to do study, due to insufficient funding.)
Cortical rTMS as a Treatment for Depression[NCT05487911]		50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-06-14	Enrolling by invitation
The DiSCoVeR Project: Examining the Synergistic Effects of a Cognitive Control Videogame and a Self-administered Non-invasive Brain Stimulation on Alleviating Depression[NCT04953208]		114 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-06-22	Recruiting
Clinical Utility of Pharmacogenomics of Psychotropic Medications[NCT03907124]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-06-03	Withdrawn (stopped due to PI left institution prior to recruitment.)
Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Adolescent Depression (STAR-AD) a Multicentre Open-label Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol[NCT05814640]	Phase 1/Phase 2	520 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-02-20	Recruiting
Applying Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy to Treatment Resistant Depression[NCT00871299]		173 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-09-30	Completed
An 8 Week, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo Controlled Comparison of the Efficacy of Extended Release Bupropion Hydrochloride and Placebo in the Treatment of Adult Outpatients With Major Depressive Disorder With Lethargic Symptoms[NCT00064467]	Phase 3	268 participants	Interventional	2003-06-30	Completed
A Twelve-week, Multi-center, Randomized, Double-blind, Double-dummy, Parallel-group, Active Controlled, Escalating Dose Study to Compare the Effects on Sexual Functioning of Bupropion Hydrochloride Extended-release (WELLBUTRIN XL, 150-450 mg/Day) and Exte[NCT00316160]	Phase 4	347 participants	Interventional	2004-09-30	Completed
Treating Comorbid Depression During Care Transitions Using Relational Agents[NCT02845102]		4 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-08-31	Completed
Conscious Dying/Conscious Living: Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy (KAP) for Patients at End of Life-A Pilot Study for Palliative and Hospice Care[NCT05214417]	Phase 2	120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-05-01	Not yet recruiting
Understanding the Neurocognitive Effects of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Major Depressive Disorder Patients With and Without Irritable Bowel Syndrome[NCT05174273]	Phase 2/Phase 3	180 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-04-06	Recruiting
A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in a Population With Bipolar Disorder[NCT03279224]	Phase 2/Phase 3	35 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-01-01	Active, not recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

"A responder to this endpoint requires the answer no to both questions 1 and 2 on the Nicotine Use Inventory at every visit from Week 9 to Week 12 (inclusive)." (NCT01456936)
Timeframe: Week 9 through Week 12

CO-Confirmed Continuous Abstinence for Weeks 9 Through 12, Non-psychiatric History Cohort

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Varenicline 1.0 mg BID	33.5
Bupropion 150 mg BID	22.6
NRT Patch	23.4
Placebo	12.5

CO-Confirmed Continuous Abstinence for Weeks 9 Through 12, Psychiatric History Cohort

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Varenicline 1.0 mg BID	38.0
Bupropion 150 mg BID	26.1
NRT Patch	26.4
Placebo	13.7

CO-confirmed Continuous Abstinence From Week 9 Through Week 24 (Overall)

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Varenicline 1.0 mg BID	29.2
Bupropion 150 mg BID	19.3
NRT Patch	20.4
Placebo	11.4

"A responder to this endpoint requires the answer no to both questions 1 and 2 on the Nicotine Use Inventory at every visit from Week 9 to Week 24 (inclusive)." (NCT01456936)
Timeframe: Week 9 through Week 24

CO-confirmed Continuous Abstinence From Week 9 Through Week 24, Non-psychiatric History Cohort

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Varenicline 1.0 mg BID	21.8
Bupropion 150 mg BID	16.2
NRT Patch	15.7
Placebo	9.4

CO-confirmed Continuous Abstinence From Week 9 Through Week 24, Psychiatric History Cohort

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Varenicline 1.0 mg BID	25.5
Bupropion 150 mg BID	18.8
NRT Patch	18.5
Placebo	10.5

"Clinical Global Impression of Improvement (CGI-I), No Change Rating by Visit"

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Varenicline 1.0 mg BID	18.3
Bupropion 150 mg BID	13.7
NRT Patch	13.0
Placebo	8.3

"The CGI-I is a clinician rated instrument that measures change in participant's psychiatric condition (or lack thereof in the stratum without psychiatric disorders) on a 7 point scale ranging from 1 (very much improved) to 7 (very much worse), with 4 = no change. The ratings were applicable even to those without psychiatric diagnoses (eg, those with no psychiatric symptoms would be rated as normal, not at all ill on the CGI-S at baseline and assuming no psychiatric symptoms emerge during the trial, would be rated as no change on the CGI-I at follow-up visits). For those participants with a psychiatric diagnosis, the clinician should rate the severity of the mental illness with respect to the clinician's experience with the psychiatric population to which the participant belongs." (NCT01456936)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24

7-Day Point Prevalence of Abstinence (Overall)

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	Week 1 (N= 1986, 1974, 1986, 1982)	Week 2 (N= 1934, 1936, 1927, 1926)	Week 3 (N= 1880, 1892, 1880, 1863)	Week 4 (N= 1860, 1856, 1858, 1834)	Week 5 (N= 1828, 1816, 1822, 1802)	Week 6 (N= 1816, 1808, 1820, 1773)	Week 8 (N= 1758, 1756, 1755, 1738)	Week 10 (N= 1717, 1707, 1715, 1675)	Week 12 (N= 1558, 1572, 1540, 1492)	Week 13 (N= 1612, 16081602, 1575)	Week 16 (N= 1586, 1606, 1568, 1541)	Week 20 (N= 1563, 1573, 1523, 1510)	Week 24 (N= 1533, 1515, 1499, 1497)
Bupropion 150 mg BID	93.2	90.8	89.8	88.0	86.5	86.5	83.6	81.7	75.1	76.7	76.7	75.0	72.3
NRT Patch	94.6	90.5	88.7	87.1	85.5	85.1	82.8	80.4	72.2	75.2	73.9	72.2	71.1
Placebo	95.1	91.2	87.9	86.3	85.4	84.1	81.9	79.2	71.3	74.9	73.4	71.7	71.1
Varenicline 1.0 mg BID	94.2	90.8	88.3	86.6	85.7	85.2	82.4	80.6	72.9	75.9	74.2	73.4	71.8

"A responder to this endpoint requires the answer no to both questions 3 and 6 on the nicotine use inventory at that specific visit.~NUI Question 3 (Baseline through Week 24): Has the subject smoked any cigarettes (even a puff) in the last 7 days? NUI Question 6 (Baseline through Week 12): Has the subject used any other nicotine containing products in the last 7 days? NUI Question 6 (Week 13 through Week 24): Has the subject used any other tobacco products in the last 7 days?" (NCT01456936)
Timeframe: 24 Weeks

7-Day Point Prevalence of Abstinence, Non-psychiatric History Cohort

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	Week 1	Week 2	Week 3	Week 4	Week 5	Week 6	Week 7	Week 8	Week 9	Week 10	Week 11	Week 12	Week 13	Week 14	Week 15	Week 16	Week 17	Week 18	Week 19	Week 20	Week 21	Week 22	Week 23	Week 24
Bupropion 150 mg BID	1.1	17.9	22.3	24.4	25.7	26.9	30.2	26.5	30.4	27.6	30.7	27.1	26.5	29.2	29.2	25.1	27.9	27.8	27.9	23.9	26.7	26.4	27.0	23.2
NRT Patch	0.9	14.2	20.0	23.5	25.1	26.8	31.3	28.0	32.1	28.0	32.1	27.6	26.9	29.4	29.2	24.9	28.1	28.2	28.1	23.7	26.5	26.3	25.3	23.6
Placebo	1.0	10.3	12.1	13.1	13.6	14.6	17.9	15.9	18.1	15.5	18.8	16.0	16.0	19.1	19.8	16.1	18.8	19.5	19.2	16.3	18.8	18.4	18.3	15.7
Varenicline 1.0 mg BID	1.3	18.8	26.3	30.4	33.4	35.8	39.5	37.4	41.6	38.7	42.5	39.6	36.8	39.5	38.5	33.1	36.4	36.2	35.7	30.8	33.9	33.8	33.0	29.8

7-Day Point Prevalence of Abstinence, Psychiatric History Cohort

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	Week 1	Week 2	Week 3	Week 4	Week 5	Week 6	Week 7	Week 8	Week 9	Week 10	Week 11	Week 12	Week 13	Week 14	Week 15	Week 16	Week 17	Week 18	Week 19	Week 20	Week 21	Week 22	Week 23	Week 24
Bupropion 150 mg BID	1.0	21.3	26.6	27.7	29.8	31.4	35.2	31.0	34.9	31.0	34.1	30.5	30.7	33.5	33.2	28.5	31.9	31.3	31.2	27.5	30.3	29.9	30.6	26.0
NRT Patch	1.2	15.5	22.1	25.9	27.8	30.4	35.1	31.4	34.8	31.1	34.9	30.4	29.9	32.0	32.4	28.1	31.4	31.7	31.2	26.3	29.3	29.0	28.3	27.0
Placebo	1.5	11.4	13.6	14.5	14.9	15.9	19.2	16.7	19.0	16.9	20.8	17.8	17.2	20.4	21.3	18.2	20.1	20.8	20.8	18.2	20.1	20.3	20.3	17.4
Varenicline 1.0 mg BID	1.7	20.9	30.0	34.3	38.4	41.0	44.4	42.3	47.1	42.4	46.6	44.4	41.1	44.5	43.8	37.2	40.7	40.9	39.9	35.1	38.1	38.7	37.6	33.6

Estimated NPS AE Rate (%), by Cohort

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	Week 1	Week 2	Week 3	Week 4	Week 5	Week 6	Week 7	Week 8	Week 9	Week 10	Week 11	Week 12	Week 13	Week 14	Week 15	Week 16	Week 17	Week 18	Week 19	Week 20	Week 21	Week 22	Week 23	Week 24
Bupropion 150 mg BID	1.2	14.6	18.1	21.3	21.8	22.7	25.4	22.1	26.0	24.3	27.4	23.9	22.6	25.0	25.3	21.9	24.0	24.5	24.7	20.4	23.2	22.9	23.5	20.4
NRT Patch	0.7	13.0	17.9	21.1	22.4	23.3	27.5	24.6	29.4	25.0	29.4	24.9	24.0	26.8	26.0	21.8	24.8	24.7	25.1	25.1	23.7	23.6	22.2	20.1
Placebo	0.5	9.2	10.7	11.8	12.4	13.4	16.6	15.0	17.2	14.0	17.2	14.2	14.8	17.8	18.3	13.9	17.4	18.2	17.6	17.6	17.5	16.5	16.4	14.0
Varenicline 1.0 mg BID	1.0	16.8	22.7	26.6	28.5	30.8	34.8	32.7	36.2	35.1	38.6	35.0	32.7	34.7	33.4	29.1	32.3	31.7	31.6	26.6	29.7	29.1	28.5	26.1

"The primary safety endpoint is the occurrence of at least one treatment emergent severe adverse event of anxiety, depression, feeling abnormal, or hostility and/or the occurrence of at least one treatment emergent moderate or severe adverse event of: agitation, aggression, delusions, hallucinations, homicidal ideation, mania, panic, paranoia, psychosis, suicidal ideation, suicidal behavior, or completed suicide. Estimated NPS AE rate (%) was calculated based on least-squares means analysis." (NCT01456936)
Timeframe: Treatment emergent is first dose date to last dose date (up to 12 weeks) plus 30 days.

HADS Total Score (Overall)

Intervention	percentage of participants (Least Squares Mean)
	Non-psychiatric cohort (N=3984)	Psychiatric cohort (N= 4074)
Bupropion 150 mg BID	2.44	6.62
NRT Patch	2.31	5.20
Placebo	2.52	4.83
Varenicline 1.0 mg BID	1.25	6.42

The HADS is a subject self-reporting scale completed in person at clinic visits at Baseline and Weeks 1 through 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 16, 20, and 24. It contains 14 individual item responses ranging in increasing severity from 0 (normal) to 3 (most severe) for a total range of 0 to 42. Of the 14 items, 7 assess anxiety and 7 assess depression, providing 2 subscales with ranges of 0 to 21. For each subscale, 0 to 7 is considered normal, while 15 to 21 represents severe symptoms. (NCT01456936)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24

HADS Total Score, Psychiatric History Cohort

Intervention	Units on a scale (Mean)
	Week 1 (N= 1989, 1976, 1985, 1987)	Week 2 (N= 1938, 1937, 1931, 1929)	Week 3 (N= 1882, 1891, 1881, 1867)	Week 4 (N= 1858, 1854, 1863, 1831)	Week 5 (N= 1829, 1815, 1820, 1797)	Week 6 (N= 1816, 1807, 1821, 1771)	Week 8 (N= 1755, 1754, 1755, 1736)	Week 10 (N= 1717, 1709, 1716, 1669)	Week 12 (N= 1562, 1571, 1548, 1491)	Week 13 (N= 1610, 1608, 1603, 1570)	Week 16 (N= 1579, 1602, 1566, 1537)	Week 20 (N= 1555, 1569, 1525, 1509)	Week 24 (N= 1528, 1512, 1495, 1487)
Bupropion 150 mg BID	5.61	5.06	4.60	4.39	4.16	4.05	4.10	3.86	3.79	3.66	3.77	3.73	3.80
NRT Patch	4.95	4.74	4.48	4.31	4.08	4.01	3.96	4.00	3.78	3.71	3.78	3.72	3.82
Placebo	5.05	4.80	4.38	4.39	4.14	4.09	4.12	4.04	3.95	3.70	3.82	3.75	3.62
Varenicline 1.0 mg BID	5.03	4.68	4.31	4.15	3.94	3.82	3.82	3.85	3.64	3.60	3.67	3.65	3.62

Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) Total Score, Non-psychiatric History Cohort

Intervention	Units on a scale (Mean)
	Week 1 (N= 1026, 1017, 1015, 1015)	Week 2 (N= 1005, 1004, 996, 995)	Week 3 (N= 947, 961, 945, 926)	Week 4 (N= 935, 938, 929, 908)	Week 5 (N= 918, 918, 914, 895)	Week 6 (N= 917, 914, 912, 874)	Week 8 (N= 887, 893, 878, 859)	Week 10 (N= 864, 865, 864, 823)	Week 12 (N= 790, 803, 798, 749)	Week 13 (N= 813, 812, 814, 763)	Week 16 (N= 795, 805, 791, 748)	Week 20 (N= 784, 784, 763, 737)	Week 24 (N= 770, 764, 758, 729)
Bupropion 150 mg BID	7.58	6.99	6.51	6.36	6.03	5.87	5.96	5.72	5.66	5.44	5.62	5.54	5.69
NRT Patch	6.82	6.64	6.30	6.16	5.82	5.62	5.63	5.64	5.44	5.36	5.44	5.46	5.57
Placebo	6.70	6.42	6.02	6.04	5.80	5.75	5.63	5.55	5.42	5.09	5.37	5.26	5.04
Varenicline 1.0 mg BID	6.76	6.42	5.99	5.87	5.58	5.39	5.43	5.38	5.17	5.06	5.26	5.17	5.21

Occurrence of Neuropsychiatric (NPS) Adverse Events (AE) - the Primary Study Endpoint

Intervention	Units on a scale (Mean)
	Week 1 (N= 984, 972, 989, 992)	Week 2 (N= 961, 954, 963, 970)	Week 3 (N= 935, 930, 936, 941)	Week 4 (N= 923, 916, 934, 923)	Week 5 (N= 911, 897, 906, 902)	Week 6 (N= 899, 893, 909, 897)	Week 8 (N= 868, 861, 877, 877)	Week 10 (N= 853, 844, 852, 846)	Week 12 (N= 772, 768, 750, 742)	Week 13 (N= 797, 796, 789, 807)	Week 16 (N= 784, 797, 775, 789)	Week 20 (N= 771, 785, 762, 772)	Week 24 (N= 758, 748, 737, 758)
Bupropion 150 mg BID	3.58	3.07	2.64	2.36	2.24	2.18	2.16	1.96	1.83	1.85	1.90	1.93	1.87
NRT Patch	3.06	2.84	2.63	2.46	2.32	2.40	2.28	2.33	2.01	2.01	2.09	1.97	2.01
Placebo	3.38	3.20	2.77	2.77	2.48	2.48	2.64	2.57	2.46	2.38	2.34	2.31	2.25
Varenicline 1.0 mg BID	3.26	2.91	2.61	2.40	2.29	2.23	2.17	2.29	2.07	2.11	2.05	2.10	2.01

"The primary safety endpoint is the occurrence of at least one treatment emergent severe adverse event of anxiety, depression, feeling abnormal, or hostility and/or the occurrence of at least one treatment emergent moderate or severe adverse event of: agitation, aggression, delusions, hallucinations, homicidal ideation, mania, panic, paranoia, psychosis, suicidal ideation, suicidal behavior, or completed suicide." (NCT01456936)
Timeframe: Treatment emergent is first dose date to last dose date (up to 12 weeks) plus 30 days.

Occurrence of Severe-only NPS AEs in the Primary Endpoint, by Cohort

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	Non-psychiatric cohort (N= 990, 989, 1006, 999)	Psychiatric cohort (N= 1026, 1017, 1016, 1015)	Overall (N= 2016, 2006, 2022, 2014)
Bupropion 150 mg BID	2.2	6.7	4.5
NRT Patch	2.5	5.2	3.9
Placebo	2.4	4.9	3.7
Varenicline 1.0 mg BID	1.3	6.5	4.0

"The primary safety endpoint is the occurrence of at least one treatment emergent severe adverse event of anxiety, depression, feeling abnormal, or hostility and/or the occurrence of at least one treatment emergent moderate or severe adverse event of: agitation, aggression, delusions, hallucinations, homicidal ideation, mania, panic, paranoia, psychosis, suicidal ideation, suicidal behavior, or completed suicide. Only those events rated as severe are reported; this excludes any moderate events in the primary NPS AE endpoint." (NCT01456936)
Timeframe: Treatment emergent is first dose date to last dose date (up to 12 weeks) plus 30 days.

Occurrence of the Components of NPS AE Primary Endpoint (Overall)

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	Non-psychiatric cohort (N= 990, 989, 1006, 999)	Psychiatric cohort (N= 1026, 1017, 1016, 1015)	Overall (N= 2016, 2006, 2022, 2014)
Bupropion 150 mg BID	0.4	1.4	0.9
NRT Patch	0.3	1.4	0.8
Placebo	0.5	1.3	0.9
Varenicline 1.0 mg BID	0.1	1.4	0.7

The NPS AE composite results (as previously described) are for the two cohorts combined and are presented below. (NCT01456936)
Timeframe: Treatment emergent is first dose date to last dose date (up to 12 weeks) plus 30 days.

Occurrence of the Components of Severe-only NPS AE Endpoint (Overall)

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Anxiety	Depression	Feeling Abnormal	Hostility	Agitation	Aggression	Delusions	Hallucination	Mania	Panic Disorder	Paranoia	Psychosis	Homicidal Ideation	Suicidal Behavior	Suicidal Ideation	Suicide
Bupropion 150 mg BID	5	4	1	1	40	12	1	4	10	20	1	2	0	2	3	0
NRT Patch	6	7	0	1	40	9	2	2	5	14	0	4	1	1	5	0
Placebo	5	6	0	0	33	11	0	2	8	10	2	1	0	1	5	1
Varenicline 1.0 mg BID	5	7	0	0	35	17	1	6	7	7	1	4	0	1	5	0

"The NPS AE endpoint was the occurrence of at least 1 treatment-emergent severe AE of anxiety, depression, feeling abnormal, or hostility and/or the occurrence of at least 1 treatment-emergent severe AE of agitation, aggression, delusions, hallucinations, homicidal ideation, mania, panic, paranoia, psychosis, suicidal ideation, suicidal behavior, or completed suicide. Only those events rated as severe are reported; this excludes any moderate events in the primary NPS AE endpoint." (NCT01456936)
Timeframe: Treatment emergent is first dose date to last dose date (up to 12 weeks) plus 30 days.

Occurrence of the Components of the NPS AE Primary Endpoint, Non-psychiatric History Cohort

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Anxiety	Depression	Feeling Abnormal	Hostility	Agitation	Aggression	Delusions	Hallucination	Mania	Panic Disorder	Paranoia	Psychosis	Suicidal Behavior	Suicidal Ideation	Suicide	Homicidal Ideation
Bupropion 150 mg BID	5	4	1	1	1	2	0	1	1	2	1	2	2	0	0	0
NRT Patch	6	7	0	1	6	0	0	0	0	1	0	4	0	1	0	1
Placebo	5	6	0	0	2	1	0	0	0	2	2	1	1	0	1	0
Varenicline 1.0 mg BID	5	7	0	0	1	2	0	0	2	0	1	4	1	1	0	0

"The safety endpoint is the occurrence of at least one treatment emergent severe adverse event of anxiety, depression, feeling abnormal, or hostility and/or the occurrence of at least one treatment emergent moderate or severe adverse event of: agitation, aggression, delusions, hallucinations, homicidal ideation, mania, panic, paranoia, psychosis, suicidal ideation, suicidal behavior, or completed suicide. Each of these 16 components is reported below." (NCT01456936)
Timeframe: Treatment emergent is first dose date to last dose date (up to 12 weeks) plus 30 days.

Occurrence of the Components of the NPS AE Primary Endpoint, Psychiatric History Cohort

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Anxiety (severe)	Depression (severe)	Feeling abnormal (severe only)	Hostility (severe)	Agitation (moderate and severe)	Aggression (moderate and severe)	Delusions (moderate and severe)	Hallucinations (moderate and severe)	Mania (moderate and severe)	Panic (moderate and severe)	Paranoia (moderate and severe)	Psychosis (moderate and severe)	Homicidal ideation (moderate and severe)	Suicidal behavior (moderate and severe)	Suicidal ideation (moderate and severe)	Suicide (moderate and severe)
Bupropion 150 mg BID	1	0	0	1	11	3	0	0	1	4	1	0	0	1	1	0
NRT Patch	0	0	0	1	19	2	1	0	2	1	0	1	1	1	2	0
Placebo	3	0	0	0	11	3	0	0	2	3	0	0	0	0	3	1
Varenicline 1.0 mg BID	0	1	0	0	10	3	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Occurrence of the Components of the Observed Severe-only NPS AE Primary Endpoint, Non-psychiatric History Cohort

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Anxiety (severe)	Depression (severe)	Feeling abnormal (severe only)	Hostility (severe)	Agitation (moderate and severe)	Aggression (moderate and severe)	Delusions (moderate and severe)	Hallucinations (moderate and severe)	Mania (moderate and severe)	Panic (moderate and severe)	Paranoia (moderate and severe)	Psychosis (moderate and severe)	Homicidal ideation (moderate and severe)	Suicidal behavior (moderate and severe)	Suicidal ideation (moderate and severe)	Suicide (moderate and severe)
Bupropion 150 mg BID	4	4	1	0	29	9	1	4	9	16	0	2	0	1	2	0
NRT Patch	6	7	0	0	21	7	1	2	3	13	0	3	0	0	3	0
Placebo	2	6	0	0	22	8	0	2	6	7	2	1	0	1	2	0
Varenicline 1.0 mg BID	5	6	0	0	25	14	1	5	7	7	1	4	0	1	5	0

"The safety endpoint is the occurrence of at least one treatment emergent severe adverse event of anxiety, depression, feeling abnormal, or hostility and/or the occurrence of at least one treatment emergent moderate or severe adverse event of: agitation, aggression, delusions, hallucinations, homicidal ideation, mania, panic, paranoia, psychosis, suicidal ideation, suicidal behavior, or completed suicide. Only those events rated as severe are reported; this excludes any moderate events in the primary NPS AE endpoint." (NCT01456936)
Timeframe: Treatment emergent is first dose date to last dose date (up to 12 weeks) plus 30 days.

Occurrence of the Components of the Observed Severe-only NPS AE Primary Endpoint, Psychiatric History Cohort

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Anxiety	Depression	Feeling abnormal	Hostility	Agitation	Aggression	Delusions	Hallucinations	Mania	Panic	Paranoia	Psychosis	Homicidal ideation	Suicidal behavior	Suicidal ideation	Suicide
Bupropion 150 mg BID	1	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0
NRT Patch	0	0	0	1	2	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
Placebo	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	1
Varenicline 1.0 mg BID	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

"The safety endpoint is the occurrence of at least one treatment emergent severe adverse event of anxiety, depression, feeling abnormal, or hostility and/or the occurrence of at least one treatment emergent moderate or severe adverse event of: agitation, aggression, delusions, hallucinations, homicidal ideation, mania, panic, paranoia, psychosis, suicidal ideation, suicidal behavior, or completed suicide. Only those events rated as severe are reported; this excludes any moderate events in the primary NPS AE endpoint." (NCT01456936)
Timeframe: Treatment emergent is first dose date to last dose date (up to 12 weeks) plus 30 days.

Positive Responses for Suicidal Behavior and/or Ideation by Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) - Non-psychiatric History Cohort

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Anxiety	Depression	Feeling abnormal	Hostility	Agitation	Aggression	Delusions	Hallucinations	Mania	Panic	Paranoia	Psychosis	Homicidal ideation	Suicidal behavior	Suicidal ideation	Suicide
Bupropion 150 mg BID	4	4	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0
NRT Patch	6	7	0	0	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0
Placebo	2	6	0	0	2	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0
Varenicline 1.0 mg BID	5	6	0	0	1	1	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	1	1	0

"The C-SSRS is a semi-structured interview designed to evaluate an individual's degree of suicidal ideation, preparatory acts or behavior to actual attempt, ranging from wish to be dead to active suicidal ideation with specific plan and intent. Answers at screening are for lifetime history. Answers for all other visits are since last visit.The scale is also used to record any completed suicides." (NCT01456936)
Timeframe: Lifetime, Baseline and Treatment-Emergent is first dose date to last dose date (up to 12 weeks) plus 30 days.

Positive Responses for Suicidal Behavior and/or Ideation by Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) - Overall

Intervention	participants with positive responses (Number)
	Suicidal Behavior (Screening lifetime)	Suicidal Ideation (Screening lifetime)	Suicidal Behavior (Baseline)	Suicidal Ideation (Baseline)	Suicidal Behavior (treatment emergent 12 weeks)	Suicidal Ideation (treatment emergent 12 weeks)
Bupropion 150 mg BID	9	43	0	1	0	4
NRT Patch	7	50	0	0	1	3
Placebo	6	49	0	1	1	6
Varenicline 1.0 mg BID	6	48	0	0	0	7

"The C-SSRS is a semi-structured interview designed to evaluate an individual's degree of suicidal ideation, preparatory acts or behavior to actual attempt, ranging from wish to be dead to active suicidal ideation with specific plan and intent. Answers at screening are for lifetime history. Answers for all other visits are since last visit. The scale is also used to record any completed suicides." (NCT01456936)
Timeframe: Lifetime, Baseline and Treatment-Emergent is first dose date to last dose date (up to 12 weeks) plus 30 days.

Positive Responses for Suicidal Behavior and/or Ideation by Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) - Psychiatric History Cohort

Intervention	participants with positive responses (Number)
	Suicidal Behavior (Screening lifetime)	Suicidal Ideation (Screening lifetime)	Suicidal Behavior (Baseline)	Suicidal Ideation (Baseline)	Suicidal Behavior (treatment emergent 12 weeks)	Suicidal Ideation (treatment emergent 12 weeks)
Bupropion 150 mg BID	152	400	0	6	1	19
NRT Patch	118	383	0	2	1	23
Placebo	129	398	1	4	3	31
Varenicline 1.0 mg BID	143	386	0	6	0	34

"The C-SSRS is a semi-structured interview designed to evaluate an individual's degree of suicidal ideation, preparatory acts or behavior to actual attempt, ranging from wish to be dead to active suicidal ideation with specific plan and intent. Answers at screening are for lifetime history. Answers for all other visits are since last visit. The scale is also used to record any completed suicides." (NCT01456936)
Timeframe: Lifetime, Baseline and Treatment-Emergent is first dose date to last dose date (up to 12 weeks) plus 30 days.

MADRS Score - Change From Baseline to Week 6

Intervention	participants with positive responses (Number)
	Suicidal Behavior (Screening lifetime)	Suicidal Ideation (Screening lifetime)	Suicidal Behavior (Baseline)	Suicidal Ideation (Baseline)	Suicidal Behavior (treatment emergent 12 weeks)	Suicidal Ideation (treatment emergent 12 weeks)
Bupropion 150 mg BID	143	357	0	5	1	15
NRT Patch	111	333	0	2	0	20
Placebo	123	349	1	3	2	25
Varenicline 1.0 mg BID	137	338	0	6	0	27

The primary objective of the study was to assess the effect of AXS-05 versus bupropion as measured by the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) for change in severity of depressive symptoms. The MADRS is a 10-item scale and items are scored between 0-6 points. For each item, a score of 0 indicates the absence of symptoms, and a score of 6 indicates symptoms of maximum severity. A maximum total score is 60 points. (NCT03595579)
Timeframe: 6 weeks

MADRS Score - Overall Change From Baseline

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
AXS-05	17.2
Bupropion	12.1

Change in MADRS Total Score From Baseline to Week 6

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
AXS-05	13.7
Bupropion	8.8

The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of AXS-05 as measured by the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) for change in severity of depressive symptoms from baseline to Week 6. The MADRS is a 10-item scale and items are scored between 0-6 points. For each item, a score of 0 indicates the absence of symptoms, and a score of 6 indicates symptoms of maximum severity. A maximum total score is 60 points. (NCT04019704)
Timeframe: 6 weeks

Rate of Protocol Relapse of Symptoms of Major Depression After Achieving Remission in the Acute Phase

Intervention	score on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
AXS-05	15.91
Placebo	12.04

Relapse in symptoms of major depression defined as a QIDS-C16 => 11 among those achieving remission in the acute phase. (NCT01421342)
Timeframe: Within 36 weeks after randomization (initiation of treatment)

Rate of Protocol Remission of Symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Switching: Bupropion-SR	26
Augmenting: Antidepressant + Bupropion-SR	35
Augmenting: Antidepressant + Aripiprazole	37

Remission of symptoms of major depression during the acute treatment phase (12 weeks) defined as a sustained clinician-rated Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS-C16) of <= 5 for two consecutive visits. (NCT01421342)
Timeframe: During acute phase (12 weeks)

Rate of Protocol Response as Reduction in Symptoms of Major Depression (>= 50% Reduction in QIDS-C)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Switching: Bupropion-SR	114
Augmenting: Antidepressant + Bupropion-SR	136
Augmenting: Antidepressant + Aripiprazole	146

Response measured as reduction in symptom score for major depression defined as: 1. a reduction in QIDS-C16 of 50% or greater (NCT01421342)
Timeframe: During acute phase (up to 12 weeks)

Rate of Protocol Response Measured as a Change in Clinical Global Impression (CGI) - Improvement Scale

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Switching: Bupropion-SR	319
Augmenting: Antidepressant + Bupropion-SR	332
Augmenting: Antidepressant + Aripiprazole	375

Clinical assessment of a participant's level of depression and treatment response assessed by the Clinical Global Impression - Improvement (CGI -I) Scale, a 7-point clinician rating scale of improvement from baseline in severity of depression (Guy 1976). A secondary outcome measure of response was defined as achieving a score of 2 (much improved) or 1 (very much improved). (NCT01421342)
Timeframe: During acute phase (up to 12 weeks)

Quality of Life Inventory

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Switching: Bupropion-SR	356
Augmenting: Antidepressant + Bupropion-SR	376
Augmenting: Antidepressant + Aripiprazole	400

The Quality of Life Inventory (QOLI) is a 32-item comprehensive self-report of satisfaction in 16 areas of life, such as love, work, and health. Each area is rated in terms of satisfaction and the relationship of that area to overall quality of life. It yields an overall raw score and satisfaction ratings for the 16 individual areas of life. The QOLI raw score is an average of weighted satisfaction ratings computed only over areas of life judged to be Important or Extremely Important to the respondent. Higher scores indicate higher reported quality of life. (NCT00590863)
Timeframe: Measured at Month 7

Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Escitalopram + Bupropion SR	0.6
Venlafaxine XR + Mirtazapine	0.4
Escitalopram + Placebo	0.4

Percentage of patients that achieve remission, as defined as QIDS total score below 6 for last 2 study visits. QIDS depression scores range from 0 (normal) to 27 (very severe). (NCT00590863)
Timeframe: Measured at Month 7

Change From Baseline in Changes in Sexual Function Questionnaire (CSFQ)

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Escitalopram + Bupropion SR	46.6
Venlafaxine XR + Mirtazapine	41.8
Escitalopram + Placebo	46.0

CSFQ is a questionnaire about sexual activity and sexual function (sexual intercourse, masturbation, sexual fantasies and other activity). CSFQ is a gender-specific questionnaire. Both male and female versions consist of 14 items, each with 5 possible answers. CSFQ has a score in a range of 14 to 70. Higher score indicates higher sexual activity and sexual function. Value at Day 0 (Week 0) was considered as Baseline value. Change from Baseline at Week 8 was calculated by subtracting the Baseline score from the specific post-Baseline score. Only those participants with data available at the specified time points were analyzed. (NCT02191397)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 0) and Week 8

Mean Change in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale - 17 (HAMD-17) Total Score From Baseline to End of Acute Treatment Phase (Week 8)

Intervention	Scores on a scale (Mean)
Bupropion XL	3.0
Escitalopram	0.9

HAMD-17 is used to assess the severity of depression and symptom improvement. It consisted of 17 questions. The HAMD-17 total score is calculated by summing the individual response scores if there is no missing response. HAMD-17 has a total score in a range of 0 (not present) to 52 (severe). Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline total score (at Day 0, Week 0) from Week 8 observed total score. The Per Protocol (PP) Population is defined as all randomized participants in the Intent-To-Treat (ITT) Population who do not meet criteria of a major protocol deviation, with overall compliance of active drug for acute treatment phase in the range of 75%-125% and complete the first 6 weeks treatment and has HAMD-17 assessment at/after week 6 (that is >=35 days). All participants in the PP population were included in the mixed model repeated measures analysis. Only those participants with data available at the specified time point were analyzed. (NCT02191397)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and Week 8

Remission Rate Based on HAMD-17 Total Score

Intervention	Scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Bupropion XL	-14.5
Escitalopram	-15.4

Response Rate Based on HAMD-17 Total Score

Intervention	Percentage of Participants (Number)
Bupropion XL	39.7
Escitalopram	47.2

HAMD-17 is an extensively used tool to assess the severity of depression and symptom improvement during the treatment. The HAMD-17 adopted for this study consisted of 17 questions with multiple choice responses, each of which is numerically scored. The HAMD-17 total score is calculated by summing the individual response scores if there is no missing response. HAMD-17 has a total score in a range of 0 (not present) to 52 (severe). Values at Day 0, Week 0 was considered as Baseline value. Response was defined as decrease in HAMD-17 total scores at end of acute treatment phase (Week 8) relative to Baseline by at least 50%. Non-responder Imputation was used in calculation of rates. (NCT02191397)
Timeframe: Up to Week 8

Sustained Remission Rate Based on HAMD-17 Total Score

Intervention	Percentage of Participants (Number)
Bupropion XL	69.6
Escitalopram	72.9

HAMD-17 is an extensively used tool to assess the severity of depression and symptom improvement during the treatment. The HAMD-17 adopted for this study consisted of 17 questions with multiple choice responses, each of which is numerically scored. The HAMD-17 total score is calculated by summing the individual response scores if there is no missing response. HAMD-17 has a total score in a range of 0 (not present) to 52 (severe). Values at Day 0, Week 0 was considered as Baseline value. Sustained remission was defined as remission at end of acute treatment phase and an earlier visit and non-missing HAMD-17 total scores at all visits between these two visits <=8. (NCT02191397)
Timeframe: Up to Week 8

Sustained Response Rate Based on HAMD-17 Total Score

Intervention	Percentage of Participants (Number)
Bupropion XL	25.5
Escitalopram	28.6

HAMD-17 is an extensively used tool to assess the severity of depression and symptom improvement during the treatment. The HAMD-17 adopted for this study consisted of 17 questions with multiple choice responses, each of which is numerically scored. The HAMD-17 total score is calculated by summing the individual response scores if there is no missing response. HAMD-17 has a total score in a range of 0 (not present) to 52 (severe). Values at Day 0, Week 0 was considered as Baseline value. Sustained response was defined as response at end of acute treatment phase and an earlier visit and the decrease from Baseline in non-missing HAMD-17 total scores at all visits between these two visits by at least 40%. (NCT02191397)
Timeframe: Up to Week 8

"Percentage of Participants With a Clinical Global Impression Global Improvement (CGI-I) Score of 1 (Very Much Improved) or 2 (Much Improved) at Weeks 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8"

Intervention	Percentage of Participants (Number)
Bupropion XL	51.6
Escitalopram	56.3

"For CGI-I rating, the raters indicated their assessment of the participant's total improvement or worsening compared to the participant's condition at the Baseline visit, whether or not the improvement or worsening was thought to be treatment related. Scores ranges from 0 to 7 where 0 represents Not assessed, and the remaining values 1-7 represent Very much improved (1) to Very much worse (7). Participants with score 0 were excluded from analysis. All participants in the PP population were analyzed and n=X in the category titles represented the number of participants with data available at the specified time points." (NCT02191397)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and Weeks 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8

Change From Baseline in Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Gamma-glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGT) and Lactose Dehydrogenase (LD) at the Indicated Time Points

Intervention	Percentage of Participants (Number)
	Week 1, n=184, 199	Week 2, n=182, 199	Week 4, n=184, 198	Week 6, n=183, 197	Week 8, n=176, 188
Bupropion XL	6	21.4	38.6	67.8	80.7
Escitalopram	7.5	22.1	52.5	71.6	83.5

Blood samples were collected at Screening (within 14 days prior to dosing) and at Week 8, Taper visit (Week 9) and Follow-up visit (Week 10). Baseline was considered as the value obtained at Screening. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the specific post-Baseline values. Only those participants with data available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X in the category titles). (NCT02191397)
Timeframe: Up to Week 10

Change From Baseline in Calcium, Chloride, Cholesterol, Glucose, Potassium, Sodium, Triglyceride and Urea at the Indicated Time Points

Intervention	International Units per liter (IU/L) (Mean)
	ALT, Week 8, n=176, 183	ALT, Taper, n=12, 16	ALT, Follow-up, n=8, 12	ALP, Week 8, n=176, 181	ALP, Taper, n=12, 15	ALP, Follow-up, n=7, 12	AST, Week 8, n=176, 183	AST, Taper, n=12, 16	AST, Follow-up, n=8, 12	GGT, Week 8, n=175, 181	GGT, Taper, n=12, 15	GGT, Follow-up, n=7, 12	LD, Week 8, n=176, 182	LD, Taper, n=13, 13	LD, Follow-up, n=8, 10
Bupropion XL	2.254	7.993	-7.337	1.866	3.674	5.643	0.330	3.193	0.925	0.688	1.403	-2.029	1.292	14.463	11.037
Escitalopram	1.315	-1.812	5.938	0.407	3.480	-3.953	1.099	0.381	2.867	-0.694	-3.133	3.916	2.879	-8.092	-4.150

Change From Baseline in Clinical Global Impression-Severity of Illness Scale (CGI-S) Score at Weeks 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8

Intervention	Millimole per liter (mmol/L) (Mean)
	Calcium, Week 8, n=173, 183	Calcium, Taper, n=12, 12	Calcium, Follow-up, n=8, 11	Chloride, Week 8, n=173, 182	Chloride, Taper, n=10, 13	Chloride, Follow-up, n=8, 8	Cholesterol, Week 8, n=175, 181	Cholesterol, Taper, n=12, 14	Cholesterol, Follow-up, n=9, 11	Glucose, Week 8, n=173, 181	Glucose, Taper, n=12, 16	Glucose, Follow-up, n=9, 11	Potassium, Week 8, n=173, 182	Potassium, Taper, n=10, 13	Potassium, Follow-up, n=8, 8	Sodium, Week 8, n=173, 182	Sodium, Taper, n=10, 13	Sodium, Follow-up, n=8, 8	Triglycerides, Week 8, n=175, 181	Triglycerides, Taper, n=13, 15	Triglycerides, Follow-up, n=9, 11	Urea, Week 8, n=174, 183	Urea, Taper, n=12, 16	Urea, Follow-up, n=8, 11
Bupropion XL	-0.017	-0.019	-0.060	0.259	-0.498	-0.287	-0.122	0.022	-0.124	-0.051	0.352	-0.194	-0.021	-0.114	-0.110	-0.205	-0.611	-0.175	0.003	-0.032	0.637	-0.068	0.517	0.687
Escitalopram	-0.020	0.012	-0.060	-0.293	-0.566	-0.178	0.051	0.082	-0.122	-0.050	0.106	0.025	0.009	0.046	0.036	-0.178	0.978	0.770	0.022	0.574	0.181	0.015	-0.269	-0.419

"CGI-S records the severity of illness at specific time points, with a range of responses from 1 (normal, not at all ill) to 7 (among the most extremely ill participants). Participants with zero values (0) representing Not assessed were excluded from analysis. Values at Day 0, Week 0 was considered as Baseline value. Change from Baseline was obtained by subtracting the Baseline value from the specific post-Baseline value. All participants in the PP population were analyzed and n=X in the category titles represented the number of participants with data available at the specified time points." (NCT02191397)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and Weeks 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8

Change From Baseline in HAMD-17 Anxiety/Somatization Subscale Score (Sum of Scores of Items 10, 11, 12, 13, 15 and 17) at Weeks 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8

Intervention	Scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
	Week 1, n=184, 199	Week 2, n=182, 199	Week 4, n=184, 198	Week 6, n=183, 197	Week 8, n=176, 188
Bupropion XL	-0.3	-0.7	-1.1	-1.6	-2.1
Escitalopram	-0.4	-0.8	-1.3	-1.7	-2.2

HAMD-17 is an extensively used tool to assess the severity of depression and symptom improvement during the treatment. The HAMD-17 adopted for this study consisted of 17 questions with multiple choice responses, each of which is numerically scored. The HAMD-17 Anxiety/Somatization subscale score was derived as sum of scores of items 10, 11, 12, 13, 15 and 17 from HAMD-17. This subscale has a score in a range of 0 (absence of condition) to 18 (most severe condition). Values at Day 0, Week 0 was considered as Baseline value. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline response from the specific post-Baseline response. All participants in the PP population were analyzed and n=X in the category titles represented the number of participants with data available at the specified time points. (NCT02191397)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and Weeks 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8

Change From Baseline in HAMD-17 Depressed Mood Subscale Score (Score of Item 1) at Weeks 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8

Intervention	Scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
	Week 1, n=184, 199	Week 2, n=182, 199	Week 4, n=184, 198	Week 6, n=183, 197	Week 8, n=176, 188
Bupropion XL	-1.3	-2.0	-3.0	-4.0	-4.8
Escitalopram	-1.1	-2.4	-3.4	-4.4	-5.1

HAMD-17 is an extensively used tool to assess the severity of depression and symptom improvement during the treatment. The HAMD-17 adopted for this study consisted of 17 questions with multiple choice responses, each of which is numerically scored. The HAMD-17 Depressed Mood Subscale is a factor score of item-1 (Depressed Mood) of HAMD-17 scale. This subscale has a score in a range of 0 (absence of depressed mood feelings) to 4 (when participants report virtually only these feeling states in his/her spontaneous verbal and non-verbal communicationtotal score). Values at Day 0, Week 0 was considered as Baseline value. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline response from the specific post-Baseline response. All participants in the PP population were analyzed and n=X in the category titles represented the number of participants with data available at the specified time points. (NCT02191397)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and Weeks 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8

Change From Baseline in HAMD-17 Retardation Subscale Score (Sum of Scores of Items 1, 7, 8 and 14) at Weeks 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8

Intervention	Scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
	Week 1, n=184, 199	Week 2, n=182, 199	Week 4, n=184, 198	Week 6, n=183, 197	Week 8, n=176, 188
Bupropion XL	-0.4	-0.7	-1.1	-1.5	-1.9
Escitalopram	-0.4	-0.8	-1.3	-1.6	-1.9

HAMD-17 is an extensively used tool to assess the severity of depression and symptom improvement during the treatment. The HAMD-17 adopted for this study consisted of 17 questions with multiple choice responses, each of which is numerically scored. The HAMD-17 Retardation subscale score was derived as sum of scores of items 1, 7, 8 and 14 from HAMD-17. This subscale has a score in a range of 0 (absence of condition) to 14 (most severe condition). Values at Day 0, Week 0 was considered as Baseline value. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline response from the specific post-Baseline response. All participants in the PP population were analyzed and n=X in the category titles represented the number of participants with data available at the specified time points. (NCT02191397)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and Weeks 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8

Change From Baseline in HAMD-17 Sleep Disorder Subscale Score (Sum of Scores of Items 4, 5 and 6) at Weeks 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8

HAMD-17 is an extensively used tool to assess the severity of depression and symptom improvement during the treatment. The HAMD-17 adopted for this study consisted of 17 questions with multiple choice responses, each of which is numerically scored. The HAMD-17 Sleep Disorder subscale score was derived as sum of scores of items 4, 5 and 6 from HAMD-17. This subscale has a score in a range of 0 (absence of condition) to 6 (most severe condition). Values at Day 0, Week 0 was considered as Baseline value. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline response from the specific post-Baseline response. All participants in the PP population were analyzed and n=X in the category titles represented the number of participants with data available at the specified time points. (NCT02191397)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and Weeks 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8

Change From Baseline in Hematocrit at the Indicated Time Points

Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin, Total Protein, Albumin and Mean Corpuscle Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) at the Indicated Time Points

Change From Baseline in Mean Corpuscle Hemoglobin (MCH) at the Indicated Time Points

Change From Baseline in Mean Corpuscle Volume (MCV) at the Indicated Time Points

Change From Baseline in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) Total Score at Weeks 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8

MADRS is a 10-point rating scale. Each item is scored on a scale of 0-6, with a total score range of 0-60. Higher score indicates worst symptoms. This scale is mainly used to assess the efficacy of antidepressant treatment. The ratings were based on the signs and symptoms during the preceding week prior to the visit. Values at Day0, Week 0 was considered as Baseline value. The observed MADRS total score was considered as missing if any item is missing. Change from Baseline in MADRS was obtained by subtracting the Baseline value from the specific post-Baseline value. All participants in the PP population were analyzed and n=X in the category titles represented the number of participants with data available at the specified time points. (NCT02191397)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and Weeks 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8

Change From Baseline in Red Blood Cell (RBC) Count at the Indicated Time Points

Change From Baseline in Total Bilirubin, Direct Bilirubin and Creatinine at the Indicated Time Points

Change From Baseline in White Blood Cell (WBC) Count, Total Neutrophil, Lymphocyte, Basophil, Eosinophil, Monocyte and Platelet Count at the Indicated Time Points

Number of Participants With Any Non-serious Adverse Event (AE) and Any Serious AE (SAE)

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a participant or clinical investigation participant, temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. Any untoward event resulting in death, life threatening, requires hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in disability/incapacity, congenital anomaly/birth defect, any other situation according to medical or scientific judgment that may not be immediately life-threatening or result in death or hospitalization but may jeopardize the participant or may require medical or surgical intervention or all events of possible drug-induced liver injury with hyperbilirubinemia were categorized as SAE. Participants who received any of the study treatment and had any non-serious AE or SAE were considered for analysis. Safety Population comprised of all participants who took at least one dose of the study medication. (NCT02191397)
Timeframe: Up to Week 10

Number of Participants With Electrocardiogram (ECG) Data Outside the Clinical Concern Range

ECG was recorded at Screening (within 14 days prior to dosing) and at Week 8, Taper visit (Week 9) and Follow-up visit (Week 10). PR interval <110 or >220 millisecond (msec); QRS interval <60 or >120 msec and corrected QT (QTc) interval >450 msec were considered as values outside of clinical concern range and were presented as 'High' or 'Low' values. Number of participants with ECG data outside of clinical concern range at any post-Baseline visit are presented. Only those participants with data available at the specified time points were analyzed. (NCT02191397)
Timeframe: Up to Week 10

Number of Participants With Suicidal Ideation or Behavior During Treatment Assessed by Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS)

"C-SSRS is an assessment tool that evaluates suicidal ideation and behavior. It consists of 10 items, each with two possible answers (yes/no). Suicidal ideation was interpreted if yes answer at any time during treatment to any one of the five suicidal ideation questions (item 1-5) on the C-SSRS. Suicidal behavior was interpreted if a yes answer at any time during treatment to any one of the five suicidal behavior questions (item 6-10) on the C-SSRS. Suicidal ideation or behavior is interpreted if a yes answer at any time during treatment to any one of the ten suicidal ideation and behavior questions (item 1-10) on the C-SSRS. Number of participants with at least one on-treatment C-SSRS assessment were analyzed. Only those participants with data available at the specified time points were analyzed." (NCT02191397)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to Taper visit (Week 9)

Number of Participants With Urinalysis Data Outside the Normal Range

Urine samples were collected at Screening (within 14 days prior to dosing) and at Week 8, Taper visit (Week 9) and Follow-up visit (Week 10). Number of participants with urine specific gravity and potential of hydrogen (pH) outside (higher or lower) the normal range are presented. Only those participants with data available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X in the category titles). (NCT02191397)
Timeframe: Up to Week 10

Number of Participants With Vital Sign Parameters Outside the Clinical Concern Range

Vital signs including systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR) were taken at Screening (within 14 days prior to dosing), randomization visit (Week 0) and at Weeks 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, Taper visit (Week 9) and Follow-up visit (Week 10). SBP <30 or >170 millimeter of mercury (mmHg); DBP <20 or >110 mmHg and heart rate <40 or >120 beats per minute (bpm) were considered as values outside of clinical concern range and were presented as 'High' or 'Low' values. Number of participants with vital signs outside of clinical concern range at any post-Baseline visit are presented. Only those participants with data available at the specified time points were analyzed. (NCT02191397)
Timeframe: Up to Week 10

Brain Activity Measured by BOLD Signal With fMRI During a Reward Processing Task.

"Comparison of fMRI results at baseline and after 8 weeks of antidepressant pharmacotherapy with paroxetine vs. bupropion.~Percent change in contrast of parameter estimates (COPE). COPE is measured during Monetary Incentive Delay Task.~Task conditions are:~Reward=BOLD signal when subject wins 5 cents vs. wins 0 cents Punishment=BOLD signal when subject loses 5 cents vs. loses 0 cents" (NCT00429169)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8.

Go-No go Test

Change in neuropsychological measure of impulsivity. Computer-based task involving induction of a dominant response tendency and testing of the subject's ability to withhold responding to less frequent non-target stimuli. (NCT00429169)
Timeframe: Measured at Baseline and Week 8

Occurrence of Suicidal Ideation or Acts Necessitating a Change in Treatment

Suicide attempts, other suicidal behavior, or increase in suicidal thoughts that required a change in clinical treatment. (NCT00429169)
Timeframe: Measured at Month 6

Scale for Suicidal Ideation

The clinician-rated Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (SSI) (Beck et al 1979)was used weekly for 8 weeks. It has 19 items scaled 0 (least severe) to 2 (most severe) and total score is the sum, ranging 0 to 38 (Beck et al 1979). Items measure frequency, intensity, and attitudes toward suicidal thoughts, feelings of control over them, and suicide plans. Mean score in 90 inpatients hospitalized for suicidal ideation was 9.4±8.4, versus 4.4±5.8 in outpatients as cited in the study by Beck et al, 1979. (NCT00429169)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Functioning, as Measured by the Social Adjustment Scale (SAS) Summary Score

Social adjustment was measured using the Social Adjustment Scale (SAS). The SAS is a self-report scale that assesses depressive symptoms and functioning in nine social and work-related domains generating a total score that is indicative of a subject's overall level of social adjustment. Subjects rate their own social functioning over times on a 5-point scale on items covering work for pay, housework, extended family, parenting, marital status, social activity and leisure, family unit and student status (sub-scales). Mean values of all the sub-scales are used, with a range from 0-5. Higher score = worse outcome … worse functioning (NCT00519428)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Quality of Life, as Measured by the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q) Short Form (SF)

"The Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q) intends to measure quality of life in 16 domains. A summary score is computed by adding the scores and dividing by 16 (or the number of answered items if some are not answered).~The minimum raw score on the Q-LES-Q-SF is 14, and the maximum score is 70. Higher score means more satisfaction." (NCT00519428)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Remission: Persistent Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, 17 Items (HAM-D 17) <= 7, With no HAM-D 17 >7 Through Week 12

Chi square comparison of rates of persistent remission (i.e., no subsequent Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, 17 items [HAMD-D 17] > 7 once HAMD-D 17 <= 7); Dual rate vs. Escitalopram only rate and Dual rate vs. Bupropion only rate. (NCT00519428)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Severity of Depressive Symptoms as Measured by Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D 17)

"Last summary score rating on the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression Eight items are scored on a 5-point scale, ranging from 0 = not present to 4 = severe. Nine are scored from 0-2. Range 0-58.~0-7 = Normal 8-13 = Mild Depression 14-18 = Moderate Depression 19-22 = Severe Depression~≥ 23 = Very Severe Depression" (NCT00519428)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Time to Remission, Defined by the Week of Onset of Persistent Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D 17) <= 7, With no Subsequent HAM-D 17 > 7

Life Table Survival Analysis run twice, once comparing Dual Therapy (i.e., Bupropion + Escitalopram) to Bupropion alone (i.e., Bupropion + Placebo) and once comparing Dual Therapy to Escitalopram alone (i.e., Escitalopram + Placebo). Because both analyses must significantly favor Dual Therapy, each individual analysis must reach a critical alpha = .0916 in order to reach an over-all alpha = .05. (NCT00519428)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Mean Change From Baseline to Week 6 in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) Total Score

"The MADRS was used as the primary efficacy assessment of level of depression. The MADRS was administered using the Structured Interview Guide for the MADRS. Detailed instructions were provided.The MADRS consists of 10 items each, with 7 defined grades of severity (ie, 0 to 6, with 0 being the best rating and 6 being the worst rating). The MADRS total score is the sum of ratings for all 10 items; therefore, possible total scores range from 0 to 60. The MADRS total score least squares (LS) mean changes from baseline to Week 6 is mentioned below." (NCT02012218)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 6

Change in QIDS-SR From Baseline at 14 Days

"The Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, self-report (QIDS-SR), self-report is a 16-item measure of depression severity that includes the 9 criterion symptoms for MDD. Items are scored on a 4-point Likert scale, ranging from 0 to 3 (total score range, 0-27). Totals scores of ≤ 5 indicate no depression; 6-10 indicates mild depression; 11-15 indicates moderate depression; 16-20 indicates severe depression; and ≥ 21 indicates very severe depression. For purposes of this report, severe and very severe categories were combined as severe to very severe depression (≥ 16). The QIDS-A self-report has demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties." (NCT03079297)
Timeframe: Baseline to 14 days

Percentage of MDD Patients With 50% or Greater Reduction in Depression Severity After 14 Days of LEU and PBO Treatments.

"Response criteria defined based on QIDS-SR score at baseline and 14 days after treatment initiation.~The Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, self-report (QIDS-SR), self-report is a 16-item measure of depression severity that includes the 9 criterion symptoms for MDD. Items are scored on a 4-point Likert scale, ranging from 0 to 3 (total score range, 0-27). Totals scores of ≤ 5 indicate no depression; 6-10 indicates mild depression; 11-15 indicates moderate depression; 16-20 indicates severe depression; and ≥ 21 indicates very severe depression. For purposes of this report, severe and very severe categories were combined as severe to very severe depression (≥ 16). The QIDS-A self-report has demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties." (NCT03079297)
Timeframe: Baseline to 14 days

Percentage of MDD Patients With QIDS-SR Score Less Than or Equal to 5 at 14 Days of LEU and PBO Treatments.

"Remission operationalized as QIDS-SR <=5.~The Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, self-report (QIDS-SR), self-report is a 16-item measure of depression severity that includes the 9 criterion symptoms for MDD. Items are scored on a 4-point Likert scale, ranging from 0 to 3 (total score range, 0-27). Totals scores of ≤ 5 indicate no depression; 6-10 indicates mild depression; 11-15 indicates moderate depression; 16-20 indicates severe depression; and ≥ 21 indicates very severe depression. For purposes of this report, severe and very severe categories were combined as severe to very severe depression (≥ 16). The QIDS-A self-report has demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties." (NCT03079297)
Timeframe: 14 days

Change in Anhedonia From Baseline After 3, 7, and 14 Days of LEU and PBO Treatments Measured Using Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS)

"Anhedonia will be measured using Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS).~The Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) is a 14-item scale that measures anhedonia, the inability to experience pleasure. The items cover the domains of: social interaction, food and drink, sensory experience, and interest/pastimes. A score of 2 or less constitutes a normal score, while an abnormal score is defined as 3 or more. Each item has four possible responses: strongly disagree, disagree, agree, or strongly agree. Either of the disagree responses score one point, and either of the agree responses score 0 points. Thus, the final score ranges from 0 to 14." (NCT03079297)
Timeframe: Baseline to 3 days, 7 days, and 14 days

Change in Fatigue Symptoms From Baseline After 3, 7, and 14 Days of LEU and PBO Treatments Measured With Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory.

"Fatigue will be measured with Multidimensional fatigue inventory~The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) is a 20-item self-report instrument designed to measure fatigue. It contains five scales: general fatigue (items 1, 5, 12, 16), mental fatigue (items 7, 11, 13, 19), physical fatigue (items 2, 8, 14, 20), reduced motivation (items 4, 9, 15, 18) and reduced activity (items 3, 6, 10, 17). Items are scored on a 5-point scale on which the participant expressed the degree to which the statement applied to him or her (from agreement yes, that is true to disagreement no, that is not true) in the previous days. Item scores are summed to create a sum score for each scale, ranging between 4 (best condition) and 20 (worst condition). Higher scores indicate more fatigue." (NCT03079297)
Timeframe: Baseline to 3 days, 7 days, and 14 days

Change in Psychosocial Function From Baseline After 3, 7, and 14 Days of LEU and PBO Treatments Measured Using Work and Social Adjustment Scale.

"Psychosocial function will be measured using Work and Social Adjustment Scale~The Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) is a 5-item measure for impairment in functioning. Items are scored on an 8-point scale on how much participants' problems impaired their ability to carry out the activity (from Not at all to Very severely). Item scores are summed to create a sum score. The maximum score of the WSAS is 40, lower scores are better. A WSAS score above 20 appears to suggest moderately severe or worse psychopathology. Scores between 10 and 20 are associated with significant functional impairment but less severe clinical symptomatology. Scores below 10 appear to be associated with subclinical populations." (NCT03079297)
Timeframe: Baseline to 3 days, 7 days, and 14 days

Rates of Adverse Effects After 3 Days, 7 Days and 14 Days of LEU and PBO Treatments.

"Adverse effect burden will be measured with Frequency Intensity and Burden of Side-effect rating scale (FIBSER).~The Frequency, Intensity, Burden of Side Effects Rating (FIBSER) scale was designed by Dr. Stephen Wisniewski for use in the U.S. STAR*D effectiveness study. It is a 3-item scale to assess side effects from antidepressant treatment. To use the FIBSER in measurement-based care, clinicians should consider item 3 (Burden). If the score is 0 to 2 (None to Mild interference with activities), no change in medication is needed. If the score is 3-4 (Moderate to Marked interference with activites), the side effects need to be addressed (i.e., change in dose, side effect antidote, etc). If the score is 5-6 (Severe interference with activities or Unable to Function), the dose needs to be decreased or the medication needs to be switched." (NCT03079297)
Timeframe: Baseline to 3 days, 7 days, and 14 days

Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI)

This is a 14-item scale that measures empathy. The scoring scale ranges from 0, does not describe me well, to 4, describes me very well. The score values range from 0-56, where high values represent higher levels of empathy and lower values represent lower levels of empathy. Data collection for this measurement is cross-sectional, and is performed during one, 30-90 minute time interval. (NCT03878160)
Timeframe: 30-90-minute study session

Medical Outcomes Study - Specific Adherence Scale (MOS- SAS)

This is a 3-item scale that measures health behaviors. The scoring scale ranges from 1, none of the time, to 6, all of the time. The scoring values range from 3-18, where higher values represent good health behavior and lower values represent poor health behavior. Data collection for this measurement is cross-sectional, and is performed during one, 30-90 minute time interval. (NCT03878160)
Timeframe: 30-90-minute study session

Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)

This is a 9-item scale that measures depression. The scoring scale ranges from 0, not at all, to 3, nearly every day. The scoring values range from 0-18, where high values represent higher levels of depression and lower values represent lower levels of depression. Data collection for this measurement is cross-sectional, and is performed during one, 30-90 minute time interval. (NCT03878160)
Timeframe: 30-90-minute study session

Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System-Physical Function (PROMIS-29-PF)

This is a 4-item scale that measures and evaluates physical health. The scoring scale ranges from 5, without any difficulty, to 1, unable to do. The scoring values range from 4-20, where high values represent good physical function and low values represent poor physical function. Data collection for this measurement is cross-sectional, and is performed during one, 30-90 minute time interval. (NCT03878160)
Timeframe: 30-90-minute study session

Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS-4)

This is a 4-item scale that measures stress. The scoring scale ranges from 0,never, to 4, very often. The scale values range from 0-16 with higher values representing higher levels of individual stress and lower values representing lower levels of individual stress. Data collection for this measurement is cross-sectional, and is performed during one, 30-90 minute time interval. (NCT03878160)
Timeframe: 30-90-minute study session

Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)

This is a 20-question scale, composed of 2, 10-item scales that measure positive and negative affect. The scoring scale ranges from 1, very slightly or not at all, to 5, extremely. For this study, we will only use the positive affect sub-scale. The scale values for the positive affect sub-scale range from 10-50. Higher values on the positive affect scale represent higher levels of positive affect, whereas, lower values on the negative affect scale represent lower levels of positive affect. Data collection for this measurement is cross-sectional, and is performed during one, 30-90 minute time interval. (NCT03878160)
Timeframe: 30-90-minute study session

Rumination Response Scale (RRS)

This is a 22-item scale that measures rumination. The scoring scale ranges from 1,almost never, to 4, almost always. The score values range from 22 to 88, where higher values represent higher levels of rumination and lower values represent lower levels of rumination. Data collection for this measurement is cross-sectional, and is performed during one, 30-90 minute time interval. (NCT03878160)
Timeframe: 30-90-minute study session

Self-Other Four Immeasurables (SOFI) Scale

This is a 16-item scale that measures views toward the self and others. This measure consists of four sub-scales with four items each. The sub-scales measure positive views toward self, negative views toward self, positive views toward others, and negative views toward other. Only the positive-other sub-scale was used. The scoring scale ranges from 1, very slightly or not at all to 5, extremely, with sub-scale scores ranging from 4-20. Higher values represent higher levels of positive feelings toward others, and lower values represent lower levels of positive feelings toward others. Data collection for this measurement is cross-sectional, and is performed during one, 30-90 minute time interval. (NCT03878160)
Timeframe: 30-90-minute study session

Short-Form-12 (SF-12)

This is a 12-item scale that measures health-related quality of life. The scoring scale from item 1 ranges from 1, excellent to 5, poor. The scoring scale for items 2 and 3 ranges from 1, limit you a lot to 3, not limit you at all. The scoring scale for questions 5-7 is represented by 1, yes or 2, no. The scoring scale for item 8 ranges from 1, not at all, to 5, extremely. The scoring scale for items 9-11 ranges from 1, all of the time, to 6, none of the time. The scoring scale for item 12 ranges from 1, all of the time to 5, none of the time. The total scoring values range from 12- 47, where higher values represent a higher quality of life and lower values represent a lower quality of life. Data collection for this measurement is cross-sectional, and is performed during one, 30-90 minute time interval. (NCT03878160)
Timeframe: 30-90-minute study session

Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire- 15 Item (FFMQ-15)

This is a 15-item measure that measures mindfulness. This scale has five sub-scales: observing, describing, acting with awareness, accepting without judgment, and non-reactivity. The scoring scale ranges from 1, never or very rarely true to 5, very often or always true. Scale values range from 3-15 for each sub-scale, with higher values representing greater levels of individual mindfulness and lower values representing lowers levels of individual mindfulness. There is no total score for the measure; only individual sub-scales are reported. Data collection for this measurement is cross-sectional, and is collected during one, 30-90 minute time interval. (NCT03878160)
Timeframe: 30-90-minute study session

Number of Participants Reporting Changes After ACS

This portion of the individual interview will focus on exploring changes experienced after an ACS, such as psychosocial changes and health behavior changes. Participants were individually interviewed via telephone using a semi-structured interview guide. Three independent coders conducted qualitative thematic analysis and results were analyzed within each group. The identified themes are reported, and the criteria used to determine the outcome measure is the number of participants who endorsed each theme. (NCT03878160)
Timeframe: one 30-90-minute session

Number of Participants With Perspectives on Blood Spot Data Collection

This portion of the individual interview will focus on exploring ACS patients who had perspectives on participating in a remote dried blood spot procedure. Participants were individually interviewed via telephone using a semi-structured interview guide. Three independent coders conducted qualitative thematic analysis and results were analyzed within each group. The criteria used to determine the outcome measure is the number of participants upon interview who reported any type of perspective on participating in a remote dried blood spot procedure (self-collection of dried blood spot via finger-prick). Please note that the number of perspectives reported for each theme can exceed the number of people per group because each participant reported multiple perspectives (e.g., both pros and cons of videoconferencing). (NCT03878160)
Timeframe: one 30-90-minute session

Number of Participants With Perspectives on MBCT

This portion of the individual interview will focus on exploring patients' perspectives toward an MBCT treatment approach. Participants were individually interviewed via telephone using a semi-structured interview guide. Three independent coders conducted qualitative thematic analysis and results were analyzed within each group. The identified themes are reported, and the criteria used to determine the outcome measure is the number of participants who endorsed each theme. (NCT03878160)
Timeframe: one 30-90-minute session

Number of Participants With Perspectives on Videoconferencing

This portion of the individual interview will focus on exploring perspectives regarding videoconferencing intervention delivery. Participants were individually interviewed via telephone using a semi-structured interview guide. Three independent coders conducted qualitative thematic analysis and results were analyzed within each group. Identified themes are reported, and the criteria used to determine the outcome measure is the number of participants upon interview who reported expressed each theme. (NCT03878160)
Timeframe: one 30-90-minute session

Change in Suicidal Ideation (SSI Score)

Beck Scale of Suicidal Ideation Minimum Value = 0 Maximum Value = 38 Higher score is more severe suicidal thoughts (NCT01748955)
Timeframe: Measured at Baseline and Week 8

Percent Change in Contrast of Parameter Estimates (COPE)

"% change in COPE = (Post-treatment COPE - Pre-treatment COPE) / Pre-treatment COPE COPE is measured during Monetary Incentive Delay Task.~Task conditions are:~Reward= BOLD signal when subject wins 5 cents vs. wins 0 cents Punishment= BOLD signal when subject loses 5cents vs. loses 0 cents" (NCT01748955)
Timeframe: Measured at Baseline (pre-treatment) and Week 8 (post-treatment)

Intervention	Proportion of red blood cells in blood (Mean)
	Hematocrit, Week 8, n=176, 183	Hematocrit, Taper, n=13, 16	Hematocrit, Follow-up, n=10, 8
Bupropion XL	0.0016	-0.0051	-0.0076
Escitalopram	-0.0044	0.0017	0.0051

Intervention	Gram per Liter (G/L) (Mean)
	Hemoglobin, Week 8, n=176, 183	Hemoglobin, Taper, n=13, 16	Hemoglobin, Follow-up, n=10, 8	Total protein, Week 8, n=174, 183	Total protein, Taper, n=12, 15	Total protein, Follow-up, n=8, 12	Albumin, Week 8, n=175, 183	Albumin, Taper, n=12, 15	Albumin, Follow-up, n=8, 12	MCHC, Week 8, n=176, 183	MCHC, Taper, n=13, 16	MCHC, Follow-up, n=10, 8
Bupropion XL	-0.22	-1.54	-3.10	-0.640	1.197	-4.650	-0.254	-0.086	-1.925	-0.09	0.54	-2.10
Escitalopram	-1.16	1.38	0.38	-0.891	2.000	-1.227	-0.678	-0.027	-1.577	0.76	2.25	-2.88

Intervention	Picograms (Mean)
	MCH, Week 8, n=176, 183	MCH, Taper, n=13, 16	MCH, Follow-up, n=10, 8
Bupropion XL	-0.032	0.269	-0.050
Escitalopram	0.049	0.262	-0.250

Intervention	Femtoliter (Mean)
	MCV, Week 8, n=176, 183	MCV, Taper, n=13, 16	MCV, Follow-up, n=10, 8
Bupropion XL	4.668	0.508	0.320
Escitalopram	-0.090	0.181	0.287

Intervention	10^12 cells per liter (Mean)
	RBC Count, Week 8, n=176, 183	RBC Count, Taper, n=13, 16	RBC Count, Follow-up, n=10, 8
Bupropion XL	-0.009	-0.088	-0.132
Escitalopram	-0.049	-0.007	0.036

Intervention	Micromoles per liter (µmol/L) (Mean)
	Total bilirubin, Week 8, n=175, 181	Total bilirubin, Taper, n=12, 15	Total bilirubin, Follow-up, n=8, 12	Direct bilirubin, Week 8, n=175, 180	Direct bilirubin, Taper, n=11, 15	Direct bilirubin, Follow-up, n=8, 12	Creatinine, Week 8, n=174, 183	Creatinine, Taper, n=12, 15	Creatinine, Follow-up, n=8, 11
Bupropion XL	-0.812	-3.457	0.382	-0.072	-1.554	-0.102	7.507	6.675	4.237
Escitalopram	-0.071	1.198	0.338	-0.006	0.654	0.382	0.307	0.880	1.618

Intervention	Giga cells per liter (GI/L) (Mean)
	WBC count, Week 8, n=176, 183	WBC count, Taper, n=13, 16	WBC count, Follow-up, n=10, 8	Total Neutrophils, Week 8, n=176, 183	Total Neutrophils, Taper, n=13, 16	Total Neutrophils, Follow-up, n=10, 8	Lymphocytes, Week 8, n=176, 183	Lymphocytes, Taper, n=13, 16	Lymphocytes, Follow-up, n=10, 8	Basophil, Week 8, n=176, 182	Basophil, Taper, n=13, 16	Basophil, Follow-up, n=10, 8	Eosinophil, Week 8, n=176, 182	Eosinophil, Taper, n=13, 16	Eosinophil, Follow-up, n=10, 8	Monocyte, Week 8, n=176, 182	Monocyte, Taper, n=13, 16	Monocyte, Follow-up, n=10, 8	Platelet count, Week 8, n=176, 183	Platelet count, Taper, n=13, 16	Platelet count, Follow-up, n=10, 8
Bupropion XL	-0.032	0.065	-0.743	0.101	0.306	-0.869	-0.154	-0.242	0.042	0.001	0.001	-0.003	-0.004	-0.012	-0.005	0.021	-0.001	0.058	7.73	17.15	28.50
Escitalopram	-0.073	-0.715	0.427	-0.165	-0.772	0.424	0.072	0.077	0.022	0.002	0.001	-0.012	0.010	0.006	0.019	0.003	-0.031	0.010	0.56	7.19	5.38

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	PR interval, high, Any visit post-randomization	PR interval, low,Any visit post-randomization	QRS interval, high, Any visit post-randomization	QRS interval, low, Any visit post-randomization	QTc interval, high, Any visit post-randomization	QTc interval, low, Any visit post-randomization
Bupropion XL	0	5	2	0	1	0
Escitalopram	0	2	3	1	3	0

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Suicidal Ideation or Behavior	Suicidal Ideation	Suicidal Behavior	Self-Injurious Behavior, no suicidal attempt
Bupropion XL	50	50	2	1
Escitalopram	43	43	1	1

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Urine specific gravity, high,Screening, n=265, 255	Urine specific gravity, low,Screening, n=265, 255	Urine specific gravity,high, Week 8, n=171, 173	Urine specific gravity,low, Week 8, n=171, 173	Urine specific gravity, high, Taper, n=18, 28	Urine specific gravity, low, Taper, n=18, 28	Urine specific gravity, high, Follow-up, n=7, 14	Urine specific gravity, low, Follow-up, n=7, 14	Urine pH, high, Screening, n=265, 266	Urine pH, low, Screening, n=265, 266	Urine pH, high, Week 8, n=172, 178	Urine pH, low, Week 8, n=172, 178	Urine pH, high, Taper, n=18, 28	Urine pH, low, Taper, n=18, 28	Urine pH, high, Follow-up, n=7, 14	Urine pH, low, Follow-up, n=7, 14
Bupropion XL	20	1	9	0	0	0	0	0	7	37	5	23	0	2	0	2
Escitalopram	12	1	7	1	0	1	3	0	18	28	9	20	1	2	0	2

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	SBP, high, Any visit post-Baseline	SBP, low,Any visit post-Baseline	DBP, high, Any visit post-Baseline	DBP, low, Any visit post-Baseline	HR, high, Any visit post-Baseline	HR, low, Any visit post-Baseline
Bupropion XL	1	0	0	0	0	0
Escitalopram	0	0	0	0	1	0

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Group 1A	-12.8
Group 1B	-18.4
Group 2	-19.5
Group 3	-19.2
Group 4	-16.8

Intervention	units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
	Anhedonia 3 days Change	Anhedonia 7 days Change	Anhedonia 14 days Change
L-leucine	-0.21	0.79	-0.07
Maltodextrin	-0.46	-1.46	-2.21

Intervention	units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
	General fatigue 3 days Change	General fatigue 7 days Change	General fatigue 14 days Change	Mental fatigue 3 days Change	Mental fatigue 7 days Change	Mental fatigue 14 days Change	Physical fatigue 3 days Change	Physical fatigue 7 days Change	Physical fatigue 14 days Change	Reduced motivation 3 days Change	Reduced motivation 7 days Change	Reduced motivation 14 days Change	Reduced activity 3 days Change	Reduced activity 7 days Change	Reduced activity 14 days Change
L-leucine	-1.59	-3.59	-0.74	-2.36	-1.02	-3.46	-3.58	0.09	-2.55	-.032	-0.71	-5.51	-2.80	-4.14	-4.47
Maltodextrin	-0.70	-3.20	-3.70	-0.71	-4.71	-3.96	-0.55	-1.80	-3.80	-0.26	-1.26	-2.76	-0.47	-3.97	-8.14

Intervention	units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
	Psychosocial function 3 days Change	Psychosocial function7 days Change	Psychosocial function 14 days Change
L-leucine	1.49	-1.18	-9.38
Maltodextrin	-2.57	-7.57	-7.32

Intervention	units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
	Adverse effect burden 3 days Change	Adverse effect burden function 7 days Change	Adverse effect burden function 14 days Change
L-leucine	0	0	0
Maltodextrin	0	0	-.25

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
Women and Men, <2 Years, Individual Interview	41
Women and Men, >2 Years, Individual Interview	39
Women and Men, Lifetime History of ACS, Individual Interview	45

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
Women and Men, <2 Years, Individual Interview	41
Women and Men, >2 Years, Individual Interview	51.5
Women and Men, Lifetime History of ACS, Individual Interview	31

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
	Observing	Describing	Acting with awareness	Accepting without judgment	Nonreactivity
Women and Men, <2 Years, Individual Interview	8	11	11	11	11
Women and Men, >2 Years, Individual Interview	9	9	9	8	9.5
Women and Men, Lifetime History of ACS, Individual Interview	10	13	10	14	14

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Positive health behavior changes	Adaptive perspectives	Emotional improvements	Social improvements	Activity limitations	Negative physical symptoms	Emotional problems	Social problems	Health behavior challenges
Women and Men, <2 Years, Individual Interview	3	1	0	1	5	5	3	3	2
Women and Men, >2 Years, Individual Interview	3	0	1	0	7	8	8	2	5
Women and Men, Lifetime History of ACS, Individual Interview	10	5	1	5	4	6	6	4	0

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Willing to complete DBS	Would need training	Would want more information about the rationale
Women and Men, <2 Years, Individual Interview	5	2	5
Women and Men, >2 Years, Individual Interview	7	5	4
Women and Men, Lifetime History of ACS, Individual Interview	8	2	6

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Willing to get help	Willing to participate in a group program	Positive reaction to mindfulness
Women and Men, <2 Years, Individual Interview	3	3	4
Women and Men, >2 Years, Individual Interview	8	6	7
Women and Men, Lifetime History of ACS, Individual Interview	8	8	7

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Willing to try videoconferencing	Logistical benefits	Social benefits	Technology limitations	Social limitations
Women and Men, <2 Years, Individual Interview	3	5	2	2	2
Women and Men, >2 Years, Individual Interview	7	5	1	5	1
Women and Men, Lifetime History of ACS, Individual Interview	8	7	1	2	4

Intervention	Percentage change (Mean)
	ACC Reward	ACC Punishment	Amygdala Reward	Amygdala Punishment
Bupropion	0.29	-1.19	-0.90	-0.32
Paroxetine CR	-2.12	-1.33	-0.87	-0.66

Article	Year
Craving and addictive potential of esketamine as side effects? Expert opinion on drug safety, 2022, Volume: 21, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Bupropion; Craving; Depressive Disorder, Major; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactio	2022
Bupropion XL unapproved use in the prisons: Two cases focused on the bupropion pharmacology. Psychiatria Hungarica : A Magyar Pszichiatriai Tarsasag tudomanyos folyoirata, 2022, Volume: 37, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aripiprazole; Bupropion; Depressive Disorder, Major; Dopamine; Humans; Mirtazapine; Norepinep	2022
Dextromethorphan/Bupropion: First Approval. CNS drugs, 2022, Volume: 36, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Bupropion; Depressive Disorder, Major; Dextromethorphan; Drug Approval	2022
Combinations of dextromethorphan for the treatment of mood disorders - a review of the evidence. Expert review of neurotherapeutics, 2023, Volume: 23, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Bipolar Disorder; Bupropion; Depressive Disorder, Major; Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resis	2023
A comprehensive review and meta-analysis of neurological side effects related to second-generation antidepressants in individuals with major depressive disorder. Behavioural brain research, 2023, 06-05, Volume: 447 Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Bupropion; Depressive Disorder, Maj	2023
Clinical specificity profile for novel rapid acting antidepressant drugs. International clinical psychopharmacology, 2023, 09-01, Volume: 38, Issue:5 Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Bupropion; Comorbidity; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Sleep Initiation	2023
Dextromethorphan-Bupropion for the Treatment of Depression: A Systematic Review of Efficacy and Safety in Clinical Trials. CNS drugs, 2023, Volume: 37, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Bupropion; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Dextromethorphan; H	2023
Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for major depressive disorder in adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Psychiatry research, 2019, Volume: 281 Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Bupropion; Cognitive Behavioral The	2019
Adverse Events of Pharmacologic Treatments of Major Depression in Older Adults. American family physician, 2020, 02-01, Volume: 101, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Bupropion; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Humans; Male; Mirtazapine; Randomized Controlle	2020
Consensus statements on the clinical understanding and use of bupropion in Hong Kong. CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 2021, Volume: 27 Suppl 1 Topics: Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Bupropion; Consensus; Delphi Technique; Depressive Disorde	2021
Efficacy of dextromethorphan for the treatment of depression: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical trials. Expert opinion on emerging drugs, 2021, Volume: 26, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Bupropion; Depressive Disorder, Major; Dext	2021
Can we recommend mirtazapine and bupropion for patients at risk for bleeding?: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of affective disorders, 2018, 01-01, Volume: 225 Topics: Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Bupropion; Databases, Fa	2018
Exploratory analyses of effect modifiers in the antidepressant treatment of major depression: Individual-participant data meta-analysis of 2803 participants in seven placebo-controlled randomized trials. Journal of affective disorders, 2019, 05-01, Volume: 250 Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Bupropion; Citalopram; Depression; Depressive Disor	2019
Smoking cessation interventions for smokers with current or past depression. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2013, Aug-21, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Bupropion; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Rand	2013
Efficacy, tolerability, and acceptability of bupropion for major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials comparison with venlafaxine. Drug design, development and therapy, 2013, Volume: 7 Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Bupropion; Cyclohexanols; Depressive Disorder, Majo	2013
Spotlight on bupropion in major depressive disorder. CNS drugs, 2008, Volume: 22, Issue:7 Topics: Administration, Oral; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Bupropion; Depressive Disorder, Majo	2008
Efficacy of bupropion and the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the treatment of major depressive disorder with high levels of anxiety (anxious depression): a pooled analysis of 10 studies. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2008, Volume: 69, Issue:8 Topics: Anxiety Disorders; Bupropion; Depressive Disorder, Major; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Double-Blind M	2008
Treatment-resistant depression and mortality after acute coronary syndrome. The American journal of psychiatry, 2009, Volume: 166, Issue:4 Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Antidepressive Agents; Bupropion; Citalopram; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy;	2009
The role of dopaminergic agents in improving quality of life in major depressive disorder. Current psychiatry reports, 2009, Volume: 11, Issue:6 Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Bupropion; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Depressive Disorder, Major; Dopa	2009
The efficacy and tolerability of bupropion in the treatment of major depressive disorder. Clinical drug investigation, 2011, Oct-19, Volume: 31 Suppl 1 Topics: Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Bupropion; Depressive Disord	2011
Discontinuation rates for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and other second-generation antidepressants in outpatients with major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International clinical psychopharmacology, 2005, Volume: 20, Issue:2 Topics: Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Bupropion; Cyclohexanols; Depressive Disorder, Major; Huma	2005
[Review of antidepressants from the TCAs to the third generation drugs]. Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica : a Magyar Pszichofarmakologiai Egyesulet lapja = official journal of the Hungarian Association of Psychopharmacology, 2004, Volume: 6, Issue:4 Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; B	2004
Using metaanalysis to evaluate evidence: practical tips and traps. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 2005, Volume: 50, Issue:3 Topics: Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Bupropion; Cyclohexanols; Depressive Disorder, Major; Doub	2005
Remission rates following antidepressant therapy with bupropion or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: a meta-analysis of original data from 7 randomized controlled trials. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2005, Volume: 66, Issue:8 Topics: Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Bupropion; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Randomized	2005
Use of bupropion in combination with serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Biological psychiatry, 2006, Feb-01, Volume: 59, Issue:3 Topics: Bupropion; Clinical Trials as Topic; Depressive Disorder, Major; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combi	2006
Bupropion for major depressive disorder: Pharmacokinetic and formulation considerations. Clinical therapeutics, 2005, Volume: 27, Issue:11 Topics: Aging; Animals; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Area Under Curve; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxy	2005
Multi-target strategies for the improved treatment of depressive states: Conceptual foundations and neuronal substrates, drug discovery and therapeutic application. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 2006, Volume: 110, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Brain; Bupropion; Clinical Trials as T	2006
Bupropion extended release compared with escitalopram: effects on sexual functioning and antidepressant efficacy in 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2006, Volume: 67, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Care; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Bupropion; Citalopram; Delayed-Act	2006
Symptoms of fatigue and sleepiness in major depressive disorder. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2006, Volume: 67 Suppl 6 Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Benzhydryl Compounds; Bupropion; Ce	2006
Major depressive disorder, antidepressants, and sexual dysfunction. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2006, Volume: 67 Suppl 6 Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; B	2006
Resolution of sleepiness and fatigue in major depressive disorder: A comparison of bupropion and the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Biological psychiatry, 2006, Dec-15, Volume: 60, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Aged; Bupropion; Depressive Disorder, Major; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence; Dopamine Upta	2006
Treating common psychiatric disorders associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 2007, Volume: 8, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Anxiety Disorder	2007
Relative antidepressant efficacy of bupropion and the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in major depressive disorder: gender-age interactions. International clinical psychopharmacology, 2007, Volume: 22, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Bupropion; Depressive Disorder, Major;	2007
Efficacy of bupropion and the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the treatment of anxiety symptoms in major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from 10 double-blind, randomized clinical trials. Journal of psychiatric research, 2008, Volume: 42, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Anxiety; Bupropion; Depressive Disorder, Major; Dou	2008
Treatment of SSRI-resistant depression: a meta-analysis comparing within- versus across-class switches. Biological psychiatry, 2008, Apr-01, Volume: 63, Issue:7 Topics: Bupropion; Cyclohexanols; Depressive Disorder, Major; Drug Resistance; Humans; Mianserin; Mirtazapin	2008
Fatigue as a core symptom in major depressive disorder: overview and the role of bupropion. Expert review of neurotherapeutics, 2007, Volume: 7, Issue:10 Topics: Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Bupropion; Depressive Disorder, Major; Fatigue; Humans	2007
Comparing the rapidity of response during treatment of major depressive disorder with bupropion and the SSRIs: a pooled survival analysis of 7 double-blind, randomized clinical trials. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2007, Volume: 68, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Bupropion; Depressive Diso	2007
Bupropion: a review of its use in the management of major depressive disorder. Drugs, 2008, Volume: 68, Issue:5 Topics: Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Body Weight; Bupropion; Citalopram; Delayed-Action Prepara	2008