bromochloroacetic-acid and Xerostomia

Orally administered retinoids are synthetic derivatives of vitamin A. This new group of drugs (not yet available for general use in the United States) has been effective in experimental trials for treatment of a wide range of skin diseases. The current status of two of these drugs, isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) and etretinate (Ro 10-9359), is herein reviewed.

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Administration, Oral; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Facial Dermatoses; Female; Humans; Isomerism; Isotretinoin; Keratins; Keratitis; Neoplasms; Psoriasis; Skin Diseases; Tretinoin; Xerostomia

The aim of this study was to clarify by histopathological examination the origin of oral membranous substances deposited on the palate, tongue, buccal mucosa and teeth.. Several investigators have reported membranous substances deposited in the mouths of bedridden elderly persons requiring nursing care without oral intake. However, the precise nature and origin of the substances are poorly understood.. Sixty-nine specimens were taken from the oral cavity of bedridden patients, that is, the palate, dorsum of the tongue, the cheek and teeth. Sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin stain, alcian-blue and periodic acid-Schiff stain (AB-PAS) and antibodies for pankeratin (AE1AE3) and leukocyte common antigen (LCA).. All specimens showed a film-like nature coloured from tan to white, accompanied by a mucous substance. Histologically, specimens of all sites had a similar feature of the combination of basophilic amorphous and eosinophilic lamellar features. The basophilic substance was positive for AB-PAS, and PAS-positive glycogen granules were also noted in the lamellar structure. Immunochemistry revealed various degrees of pankeratin positive substance and LCA-positive inflammatory cell infiltration.. The oral membranous substance was composed of keratin and mucin with inflammation. These results suggest that the deposition of the oral membranous substance is a pathological condition or oral mucositis caused by dry mouth.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bedridden Persons; Female; Humans; Japan; Keratins; Male; Mouth Mucosa; Mucins; Palate; Parenteral Nutrition; Tongue; Tooth; Xerostomia

To determine the causative factor behind the formation of membranous substances in the mouths of elderly patients requiring nursing care.. Membranous substances are sometimes observed in the mouths of elderly persons requiring nursing care, and these can lead to bleeding, infection and asphyxiation.. In April 2007, samples were collected from 70 patients at C Hospital, Aichi Prefecture, Japan, who were 65 years or older (median age, 81.1 ± 7.7 years). Sixteen of the subjects were confirmed to have a membranous substance containing a keratin degeneration product that had been derived from stratified squamous epithelium. The samples were examined microscopically, and the presence of epithelial components was confirmed through immunohistochemical staining with anti-cytokeratin-1 antibodies.. Decision tree analysis and logistic regression suggest that the leading contributors to the formation of the membranous substances were the method of ingesting nutrients, dryness of the tongue dorsum and open mouth. These three factors are related to elderly persons requiring nursing care with impaired oral cavity function, and it was suggested that dryness of the oral mucosa was the major factor behind the membrane formation.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Communication; Epithelium; Female; Frail Elderly; Hospitalization; Humans; Immobilization; Intubation; Keratin-1; Keratins; Male; Mouth Breathing; Mouth Mucosa; Nursing Care; Palate; Periodontal Index; Speech; Tongue; Toothbrushing; Xerostomia

In this study, 55 diabetic patients and 45 non-diabetic control subjects were examined to determine oral candidal carriage state. The influence of some local aetiologic and systemic factors such as: salivary flow rate and pH, heredity, alcohol drinking, smoking habits, antimicrobial therapy, wearing of denture, burning sensation, dry mouth, taste alteration and tooth brushing habit on candidal carriage rate were investigated. Imprint culture, cytological smears and biochemical tests were used. Oral carrier rate and density of Candida species were non-significantly higher in the diabetic patients than in the non-diabetic control subjects. This increase was confirmed cytologically too. In both groups, Candida albicans was found to be a predominant species on tongue dorsum. Cigarette and alcohol habits of men were higher while tooth brushing habit was less than in women in diabetic and control groups. Salivary flow rate and pH values of diabetic patients were significantly lower while serum glucose values were significantly higher than of non-diabetic controls. The rate of diabetic patients suffering from dry mouth and having diabetic heredity in the family were significantly higher than control subjects. The candidal colonization was higher and keratinization was lower while diabetic treatment tended from diet and oral antidiabetic towards insulin. The decrease in salivary pH, the increase in serum glucose and wearing denture were correlated with the increased rate and density of C. albicans in both groups. Keratinization was also accompanied with the increase in leucocytes. In diabetic group, positive correlations were found between antimicrobial therapy and C. glabrata carriage; the increase in leucocytes and C. albicans carriage; the increase in keratinization and alcohol habit; serum glucose and smoking habit; dry mouth complaint and antimicrobial therapy. There was a negative correlation between salivary flow rate and C. albicans carriage. In control group a positive correlation was found between antimicrobial therapy and keratinization.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alcohol Drinking; Anti-Infective Agents; Blood Glucose; Candida; Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Oral; Chi-Square Distribution; Colony Count, Microbial; Dentures; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Keratins; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth; Saliva; Secretory Rate; Sex Factors; Smoking; Statistics as Topic; Toothbrushing; Xerostomia