bromochloroacetic-acid and Wounds--Penetrating

Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Disease Models, Animal; Epithelium; Humans; Keratins; Regeneration; Signal Transduction; Skin; Wound Healing; Wounds, Penetrating

Effective hemostasis improvements for penetrating traumas remain a research priority for civilian and noncivilian applications. Herein, we fabricated an expandable keratin sponge (EKS) for the hemostatic treatment of a penetrating trauma based on the excellent hemostatic ability of keratin and the expandable property of polyacrylamide (PAM). EKSs with semi-interpenetrating networks were fabricated by radical polymerization of keratin and PAM, and the EKS showed rapid expansion upon blood absorption. This sponge exhibited effective hemostasis on a rat penetrating liver hemorrhage, and the expansion of the EKS was dependent on the bleeding volume. In addition, the results of a shear wave elastography analysis showed that the elasticity of the liver tissue increased from 12.5 kPa to 21.2 kPa after the penetrating liver trauma treated by the EKS, and the mechanical strength of the liver tissue was maintained after 1 h of the EKS application. Further in vivo tests indicated the effectiveness of the EKS for hemostasis in a swine femoral artery transection hemorrhage model. This EKS is promising for hemostatic applications.

Topics: Absorbable Implants; Acrylic Resins; Animals; Bandages; Elasticity Imaging Techniques; Femoral Artery; Hair; Hemorrhage; Hemostasis; Hemostatics; Humans; Keratins; Liver; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Swine; Wounds, Penetrating

Interosseous epidermoid cysts of the phalanges are rare, particularly at the base of the phalanx and if the lesion is tender. We report a case of a tender interosseous epidermoid cyst at the base of the distal phalanx of a young man.

Topics: Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Epidermal Cyst; Finger Phalanges; Foreign-Body Reaction; Humans; Keratins; Male; Osteomyelitis; Radiography; Wounds, Penetrating

Transglutaminase 1 (TGase 1) is a Ca(2+)-dependent enzyme which catalyzes epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine cross-linking of substrate proteins such as involucrin and loricrin to generate the cornified envelope at the cell periphery of the stratum corneum. We have shown that disruption of the TGase 1 gene in mice results in neonatal lethality, absence of the cornified envelope, and impaired skin barrier function. Based on the importance of TGase 1 in epidermal morphogenesis, we have now assessed its role in wound healing. In neonatal mouse skin, TGase 1 mRNA as well as keratin 6alpha was induced in the epidermis at the wound edges as early as 2 hours after injury and that expression continued in the migrating epidermis until completion of re-epithelialization. The TGase 1 enzyme co-localized on the plasma membrane of migrating keratinocytes with involucrin, but not with loricrin, which suggests the premature assembly of the cornified envelope. Similar injuries to TGase 1 knockout mouse skins grafted on athymic nude mice showed substantial delays in wound healing concomitant with sustained K6alpha mRNA induction. From these results, we suggest that activation of the TGase 1gene is essential for facilitated repair of skin injury.

Topics: Animals; Gene Expression Regulation; Keratins; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice, Knockout; Mice, Nude; Protein Precursors; RNA, Messenger; Skin; Skin Transplantation; Transglutaminases; Wound Healing; Wounds, Penetrating

Topics: Cells, Cultured; Humans; Keratinocytes; Keratins; Skin; Wounds, Penetrating