bromochloroacetic-acid and Tracheal-Neoplasms

To review the clinical and pathological picture of laryngeal paragangliomas and compare laryngeal paragangliomas with the three other types of laryngeal neuroendocrine neoplasms.. The study presents a case review of a patient with a subglottic laryngeal paraganglioma treated at our institution, with a literature review of the laryngeal neuroendocrine neoplasms. Included is a review of all four neuroendocrine neoplasms, taking a close look at a comparison between laryngeal paragangliomas and atypical carcinoids tumors. All cases of subglottic laryngeal paragangliomas reported in the literature were also compiled and tabulated.. The patient's record was reviewed for age, symptomatology, workup, and surgical procedures performed.. The patient was disease free 36 months after undergoing a tracheostomy for airway control, followed by a cricoid split for complete excision of the tumor.. It is important to differentiate among the four laryngeal neuroendocrine neoplasms, especially between atypical carcinoids and paragangliomas. Each tumor requires different treatments, with the former requiring a more aggressive approach. Paragangliomas must be completely excised to prevent their recurrence, and this approach should be considered a curative treatment. In addition, the immunohistochemical battery is of paramount importance in obtaining the correct pathological diagnosis.

Topics: Aged; Calcitonin; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine; Endoscopy; Female; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Paraganglioma; Tracheal Neoplasms; Tracheostomy

Epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) of the lung is a very rare tumor that is characterized by biphasic differentiation of epithelial and myoepithelial cells. Current discussion about this entity focuses on the malignant potential of the tumor and the role of myoepithelial cells in diagnosis and patient prognosis. This study reports five EMC cases in the lung and discusses issues related to EMC prognosis.. The five EMC cases were diagnosed and collected at the Samsung Medical Center (Seoul, Korea) from 1998 to 2012. Four patients with EMC were received a lobectomy and one patient was given a bronchoscopy to excise the tumor. All cases were evaluated with hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining, which included S-100 protein, smooth muscle actin, TTF-1, cytokeratin, vimentin, and p27 analysis.. All cases revealed biphasic differentiation of epithelial and myoepithelial tumor cells with various stromal patterns. One of the cases contained predominantly myoepithelial and focal epithelial differentiation, and the tumor showed recurrence and metastasized to the chest wall. This was the first case of metastatic pulmonary EMC. Therefore, we suggest that EMC of the lung has a malignant potential, and that myoepithelial tumor cells may be associated with a pulmonary EMC prognosis.

Topics: Actins; Aged; Bronchial Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Cell Differentiation; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; DNA-Binding Proteins; Epithelial Cells; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Male; Middle Aged; Myoepithelioma; Prognosis; S100 Proteins; Tracheal Neoplasms; Transcription Factors; Treatment Outcome; Vimentin

We report a case of a glomus tumor in the trachea which was an incidental finding in a 66-year-old man. The histological picture and immunohistochemical profile were typical for this tumor. The glomus tumor is an exceedingly rare mass lesion in the trachea, but it is useful to keep it among differential diagnostic alternatives when a tracheal tumor is seen on radiographs or endoscopy.

Topics: Actins; Aged; Bronchoscopy; Diagnosis, Differential; Epithelium; Fiber Optic Technology; Glomus Tumor; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Laser Therapy; Male; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tracheal Neoplasms

Expression of four oncogenes and two keratin genes was determined in rat tracheal epithelial cell lines derived from tracheal implants exposed in vivo to 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. Cell lines were grouped into four stages of neoplastic progression based on phenotypic markers in order to correlate oncogene expression with stage of malignancy. Northern analysis of RNA revealed a significantly enhanced expression of the c-myc oncogene in the most tumorigenic or tumor-derived cell lines, whereas preneoplastic cells expressed approximately five-fold less transcript. Southern analysis of tracheal cell DNA did not demonstrate amplification of the c-myc gene in any of the positive cell lines. In contrast to c-myc, other oncogenes such as ras and fos were expressed in all cell lines, as well as in control cell cultures, to a similar extent. Patterns of differentiation were examined in these epithelial cell lines by determining the expression of two distinct keratin genes, KA-1 and KB-2. Both malignant and preneoplastic cells expressed the KB-2 gene at variably high levels, whereas the expression of the KA-1 keratin was barely detectable in any of the cell lines. The stage-specific expression of the c-myc oncogene in these tracheal cell lines suggests a correlation between the regulation of certain oncogenes and neoplastic progression in this model of respiratory carcinogenesis.

Topics: 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; Animals; Cell Line; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Genes, ras; Keratins; Oncogene Protein p21(ras); Oncogenes; Proto-Oncogene Proteins; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; RNA, Neoplasm; Tracheal Neoplasms

Twelve cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the trachea and main-stem bronchus were histologically analyzed, and the results were examined with reference to the growth pattern of the tumor and the prognosis. The tumors were histologically classified into tubular, cribriform, and solid subtypes. Three histologic grades were established: grade I, tumors with tubular and cribriform subtypes but without solid subtype; grade II, tumors with tubular and cribriform subtypes in which the solid subtype comprised less than 20% of the area; grade III, tumors in which the solid subtype comprised more than 20% of the area. Three gross infiltrating types were established: type I, entirely intraluminal; type II, predominantly intraluminal; type III, predominantly extraluminal. In most cases histologic grade correlated with gross tumor type; that is, grades, I, II, and III were grossly types I, II, and III, respectively. The tumors infiltrating along the tracheobronchial wall were of the tubular or cribriform subtype, but not of the solid subtype. In two patients who died of distant metastasis, the histologic studies revealed the solid subtype. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the tubular subtype was the most differentiated form and the solid subtype, the most undifferentiated form. The histologic subtype of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the tracheobronchial tree was an important factor in the growth pattern of the tumor and the prognosis.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bronchial Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Lactoferrin; Male; Middle Aged; S100 Proteins; Secretory Component; Tracheal Neoplasms

Repopulation of rat tracheas of human tracheobronchial epithelial cells obtained from intermediate autopsies was achieved by introducing into de-epithelialized rat tracheas either pieces of donor tissue containing respiratory mucosa or epithelial cells produced by an in vitro amplification of these cells. After tracheas were sealed, and transplanted into the subcutaneous tissues of nude mice, a newly formed epithelium migrated over the denuded luminal surface. During this process, regenerative epidermoid metaplasias, consisting of the growth of thin stratified epithelium with keratinization but without atypia was observed. Four weeks after xenotransplantation, most of the luminal surface was covered by columnar epithelium with occasional patches of epidermoid metaplasia. When this epithelium was exposed to 7,12-dimethylbenzo[a]anthracene (DMBA) a thick epidermoid metaplasia with mild to moderate atypia was observed. This type of epithelium is seen one to three months after insertion of the DMBA-containing pellets into the tracheal lumen. Immunohistochemical staining with antikeratin monoclonal antibodies AE1 and AE3 revealed increased immunostaining in both regenerative and DMBA-induced metaplasias compared with that of untreated normal mucociliary epithelium. Although no differences between the two types of metaplasias were detected with AE1 and AE3, the use of involucrin immunostain showed important differences. Normal respiratory epithelium did not contain involucrin, but this protein was seen in the surface layer of regenerative epidermoid metaplasias. In DMBA-induced metaplasias, involucrin was found not only in the superficial cells but was also present in numerous suprabasal cells. The hyperplastic nature of these carcinogen-induced lesions, together with the presence of cellular atypia and an altered involucrin distribution pattern, suggest a preneoplastic state.

Topics: 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; Animals; Epidermis; Epithelium; Humans; Keratins; Metaplasia; Mice; Mice, Nude; Precancerous Conditions; Rats; Trachea; Tracheal Neoplasms; Transplantation, Heterologous

In summary, two in vitro systems with rat tracheal epithelial cells were used to demonstrate that initiated respiratory tract epithelial cells can be promoted or enhanced to transform at a higher frequency by exposure to a noncarcinogenic tumor promoter. The latter two studies suggest possible mechanisms for this enhancement: 1) TPA amplifies the chromosomal instability brought about by initiating doses of carcinogen and 2) TPA alters gene expression and cellular differentiation such that it causes the initiated cell to escape the normal differentiation and senescence process thereby enhancing the proliferative lifespan of initiated cells.

Topics: Aneuploidy; Animals; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cells, Cultured; DNA; Keratins; Methylnitronitrosoguanidine; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Tracheal Neoplasms