bromochloroacetic-acid and Tonsillitis

Psoriasis is strongly associated with streptococcal throat infection, and patients have increased occurrence of such infections. Psoriatic lesional T cells are oligoclonal, and T cells recognizing determinants common to streptococcal M-protein and keratin have been detected in patients' blood. We propose that CD8(+) T cells in psoriatic epidermis respond mainly to such determinants, whereas CD4(+) T cells in the dermis preferentially recognize determinants on the streptococcal peptidoglycan that might itself act as an adjuvant. The streptococcal association might reflect the concurrence of superantigen production promoting skin-homing of tonsil T cells, M-protein mimicking keratin determinants, and adjuvant effects of the peptidoglycan. Accordingly, improvement of psoriasis after tonsillectomy should be associated with fewer T cells that recognize keratin and streptococcal determinants.

Topics: Antigens, Bacterial; Autoimmune Diseases; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Carrier Proteins; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Dermis; Epidermis; Humans; Keratins; Molecular Mimicry; Palatine Tonsil; Peptidoglycan; Psoriasis; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus; Superantigens; Tonsillitis

To investigate anti-crypt keratin (CK) immunologic histochemical changes in children with chronic tonsillitis.. Removed tonsilla were fixed by 10% formaldehyde. Immunologic histochemical method was used to determine the changes of anti-broad spectrum (KD 68, 56, 56, 50) CKSP.. In 230 cases, obvious keratosis was 90.9%, no keratosis was 9.1%, 3 cases were found with fungus filaments and bacteria in the bottom of crypts. Anti-broad spectrum and hypermolecule CK of tonsil cryptic epithelium were positive reaction, anti-broad spectrum CK of cryptic keratosis in all cases was positive reaction.. During the period of episode, cryptic epitheliums of tonsilla was destroyed repeatly, therefore, immunoglobulin production was reduce. Because the immune function of tonsilla was reduced, bacteria and virus might be invade into organism. This reduplicative malignant circles must be interrupted or blocked only by tonsillectomy.

Topics: Adolescent; Antibodies; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Epithelium; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Keratosis; Male; Palatine Tonsil; Tonsillitis

Topics: Humans; Keratins; Psoriasis; Retrospective Studies; Streptococcal Infections; T-Lymphocytes; Tonsillectomy; Tonsillitis; Treatment Outcome

Tonsillar abnormalities have been observed in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). In addition, it has been suggested that reticulization of tonsillar crypt epithelium is important in tonsillar immunity. Therefore, we investigated reticulization of this area in patients with IgAN (14 cases) and compared results with those of control patients who exhibited recurrent tonsillitis or tonsillar hypertrophy (12 cases). Immunohistochemical staining of antikeratin antibody PKK1 was employed to visualize reticulization. Tonsils of controls showed well developed reticular crypt epithelia with lymphoepithelial symbiosis and the nonreticulated area was less than 7% of the total crypt epithelia per overall section. In IgAN tonsils, however, nonreticulated crypt epithelium was frequently observed and, in the advanced stage of IgAN, exceeded 50% of total crypt epithelia. The extent of glomerular damage in IgAN patients correlated significantly with the percentage of the area of nonreticulated crypt in palatine tonsils with a correlation coefficient of 0.91. Considered together with our finding that PKK1-positive epithelial reticular cells strongly expressed HLA-DR antigens in normal tonsils, the low level of reticulization in IgAN patients may induce the unusual immunity responsible for the pathogenesis of IgAN.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Child; Child, Preschool; Epithelium; Female; Glomerular Mesangium; Glomerulonephritis, IGA; HLA-DR Antigens; Humans; Hypertrophy; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Male; Middle Aged; Palatine Tonsil; Tonsillitis

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antibodies; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Focal Infection; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Keratins; Male; Middle Aged; Psoriasis; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Tonsillectomy; Tonsillitis

By the immunohistochemical method using anti-keratin antibodies (KL1-antigen, 56 KD keratin; PKK1-antigen, 40-52.5 KD keratin) and electron microscopy, the changes in cell shapes and the cytokeratin components of the epithelial cells during the infiltration of lymphocytes were studied. In the surface epithelium, PKK1 reacts with only the keratinocytes in the basal layer, while KL1 stains in the spinous layer. In the neck portion of the crypt, transformed keratinocytes scattered in the spinous layer react intensely with PKK1. These cells issue prolonged cytoplasmic processes which surround the cavities filled with infiltrating lymphocytes. In the deep portion of the crypt, PKK1-positive cells interconnect with one another constituting the network of the star-shaped reticular cells. The enlarged intercellular spaces of the reticular cells are filled with many lymphocytes. Our observations suggest that the infiltration of lymphocytes into the crypt epithelium induces the change in keratin expression of the epithelial cells in the human palatine tonsils, and the change of keratin molecules makes the stratified flattened epithelium to transform into the network of star-shaped reticular cells.

Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Epithelium; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Lymphocytes; Palatine Tonsil; Tonsillitis