bromochloroacetic-acid and Thyroid-Diseases

The objective of our study was to estimate the expression of 2 antibodies HBME-1 and anti-cytokeratin-19 and their diagnostic importance in thyroid pathology.. 163 thyroid lesions were retrospectively examined by immnohistochemistry.. 92% (46/50 cases) of papillary carcinomas expressed HBME-1 as well as 50% (8/16 cases) of follicular carcinomas and 15% (6/40 cases) of follicular adenomas. 8 insular carcinomas, 5 anaplastic carcinomas, 20 cases of Basedow disease and lymphocytic thyroiditis, and the 24 cases of nodular goiters did not express it or very focally. Anti-cytokératine-19 marked 92% of papillary carcinomas, 56.2% of follicular carcinomas, 100% of the medullar carcinomas and 45% of follicular adenomas. Whereas the cases of anaplastic carcinomas, Basedow disease, thyroiditis and the cases of nodular goiters were negative or focally marked.. HBME-1 is an excellent marker for papillary carcinoma which can be helpful in the diagnosis of its follicular variant; the association with anti-cytokératine-19 increases its specificity.

Topics: Antibodies; Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Retrospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid Neoplasms

The histopathology of papillary thyroid hyperplasia and papillary thyroid carcinoma is similar enough to cause a diagnostic dilemma in a few cases. Both lesions may have papillary fronds with fibrovascular cores, nuclear crowding, and nuclear anisocytosis. Formalin- fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from 30 randomly selected patients with papillary thyroid hyperplasia and an equal number from patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma were analyzed for expression of cytokeratin 19 (CK19), galectin-3, and HBME-1. Cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma had moderate to strong CK19, galectin-3, and HBME-1 reactivity although both CK19 and galectin-3 showed positive staining in a significant number of nonneoplastic thyroid cases. HBME-1 was uncommon in the nonneoplastic cases. These results indicate that HBME-1 may be useful in helping to distinguish papillary thyroid carcinoma from hyperplasia in diagnostically difficult cases.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Papillary; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Galectin 3; Humans; Hyperplasia; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Male; Middle Aged; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid Neoplasms

Previous studies have demonstrated the utility of immunohistochemical staining for high-molecular-weight cytokeratins in the distinction of papillary carcinoma from other neoplasms of the thyroid, however, this technique was reliable only when applied to frozen tissues. Our objective in this study was to evaluate the use of this antibody in diagnostic thyroid pathology using paraffin-embedded materials with microwave antigen retrieval. We studied 89 thyroid tumors including 45 papillary carcinomas, 28 nodular hyperplasias, 10 follicular adenomas, and 6 follicular carcinomas. Moderate-to-strong diffuse staining was confined to papillary carcinoma, whereas follicular neoplasms and hyperplastic nodules were either negative or showed focal staining. These results confirm the utility of high-molecular-weight cytokeratins immunostaining in diagnostic thyroid pathology, and obviate the need for frozen material to apply this method. As paraffin-embedded tissues are more readily available, we recommend the use of high-molecular-weight cytokeratins with microwave antigen retrieval in cases in which it is difficult to distinguish papillary carcinoma from other thyroid tumors.

Topics: Antigens; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Keratins; Microwaves; Molecular Weight; Paraffin Embedding; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid Neoplasms

Intermediate filaments in benign and malignant thyroid lesions were immunohistochemically studied using polyclonal and monoclonal anti-cytokeratin (CK), and monoclonal anti-vimentin antibodies. Antigenicity of CK and vimentin was almost completely destroyed during formalin fixation in normal thyroid and all thyroid lesions except for some cases of papillary and squamous cell carcinoma, although the latter showed negative immunostaining with anti-vimentin antibody. In sections fixed with Carnoy's fixative, most cases of papillary carcinoma showed an intense reaction product for polyclonal anti-CK, monoclonal anti-CK-7, CK-19 and anti-vimentin antibodies. The reaction product for anti-CK antibodies was located mainly in the apical cytoplasm and that for anti-vimentin antibody in the basal cytoplasm. However antigenicity was still destroyed by the fixative in many specimens of normal thyroid, benign thyroid lesions and follicular carcinoma. In frozen sections, all specimens showed preserved antigenicity for both antigens with an intense reaction product in papillary carcinoma, but this was weaker in normal thyroid, benign thyroid lesions and follicular carcinoma. Therefore, follicular cells under normal and pathological conditions contain intermediate filaments of CK and vimentin in their cytoplasm and co-expression of the antigens is significantly increased in papillary carcinoma.

Topics: Acetates; Acetic Acid; Chloroform; Ethanol; Fixatives; Formaldehyde; Histological Techniques; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Staining and Labeling; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid Neoplasms; Vimentin

We documented the coexpression of cytokeratins and vimentin in epithelial cells of the thyroid gland in 100 samples examined from 65 patients. These included normal, inflammatory, and neoplastic tissues that were routinely fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. The number of epithelial cells coexpressing the two intermediate filament proteins as well as the subcellular compartmentalization of vimentin immunoreactivity did not correlate with the various conditions of the thyroid gland. Therefore, we conclude that the immunolocalization of vimentin does not represent a useful adjunct tool for the histopathological diagnosis of thyroid diseases.

Topics: Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Neoplasms; Vimentin

The presence of intermediate filament proteins of the cytokeratin and vimentin type was evaluated in normal and pathologically changed thyroid tissue specimens. Using the indirect immunoperoxidase technique with 4 different cytokeratin monoclonal antibodies: RCK114 (broad spectred), K2080 (broad spectred), RGE53 (directed against component 18, present in simple epithelium) and RKSE60 (directed against component 10, associated with keratinization). Co-expression of cytokeratin and vimentin was evaluated with a double immunoenzyme staining technique. The results indicate that normal and transformed cells express cytokeratins of the non-epidermal type. Cytokeratins of the epidermal type are sometimes present in carcinomas. They do not differentiate in tumour type (i.e. papillary, follicular, anaplastic or medullary carcinoma). The co-expression of cytokeratins and vimentin is not restricted to carcinomas: in a small percentage of cases it is also present in normal epithelial cells of the thyroid gland. Moreover, the distribution pattern of cytokeratins and vimentin within the cell is changed in malignant transformed epithelial cells of the gland and seems to be inversely related to the degree of differentiation of these cells. The implications of our findings for the possible use of cytokeratins and vimentin in diagnostic pathology are discussed.

Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Epithelium; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Keratins; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Neoplasms; Vimentin

56 thyroid gland tumours and non neoplastic alterations were studied for keratin and thyroglobulin staining, using the indirect immunoperoxidase method on serial formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections. Papillary carcinomas showed a strong reaction with anti-keratin serum but a weak reaction with anti-thyroglobulin serum. Follicular adenomas and carcinomas showed virtually no reaction for keratin but a strong reaction for thyroglobulin. Undifferentiated and medullary carcinomas did not react with either antiserum, except for single cells in two undifferentiated carcinomas which reacted with anti-keratin serum. In nodular goiters, hyperplastic follicles showed little or no reaction with anti-keratin serum and strong reaction with anti-thyroglobulin serum. It is suggested that this virtually type-specific staining for keratin or thyroglobulin may be related to different degrees of cellular differentiation and organelle content in the tumour cells.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Papillary; Diagnosis, Differential; Goiter, Nodular; Graves Disease; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immune Sera; Immunochemistry; Keratins; Thyroglobulin; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroiditis

Ultimobranchial cysts in the thyroid glands of rats receiving a diet adequate in vitamin A are lined with stratified squamous epithelium and contain non-keratinized cellular debris. The epithelium of these cysts in vitamin A deficient animals is keratinized, and their lumina contain keratinized cellular strands surrounding a core of cellular debris. Upon return to a diet adequate in vitamin A the epithelium returns to a non-keratinized state, and the lumina contain keratinized strands surrounded by cell fragments and desquamated whole cells. Occasionally these cysts have an epithelium that is highly irregular in appearance. The relationship of alterations in this tissue to possible subsequent development of neoplasias is discussed.

Topics: Animals; Cysts; Cytoplasmic Granules; Desmosomes; Diet; Epithelium; Keratins; Male; Rats; Thyroid Diseases; Ultimobranchial Body; Vitamin A Deficiency