bromochloroacetic-acid and Sweat-Gland-Diseases

The retinoids are synthetic derivatives of vitamin A. Isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) is now being widely used in the United States for severe acne and etretinate is available in Europe and other countries for psoriasis. These drugs are also effective for a number of other skin diseases. This is an attempt to review basic knowledge of retinoids with which the practicing dermatologist should be familiar, to review the current status of studies, and to speculate on the present and future roles of these drugs in dermatology.

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Etretinate; Humans; Inflammation; Isotretinoin; Keratins; Psoriasis; Retinoids; Sebum; Skin Diseases; Skin Neoplasms; Sweat Gland Diseases; Tretinoin; Vitamin A

The nomenclature and pathogenesis of cutaneous cysts is discussed along the lines of their pathological properties. On the basis of histological and experimental evidence it is concluded that most cysts represent benign neoplasms derived from pluripotential cells.

Topics: Adenoma, Sweat Gland; Cysts; Dermoid Cyst; Epidermal Cyst; Hamartoma; Humans; Keratins; Pilonidal Sinus; Skin Diseases; Skin Neoplasms; Sweat Gland Diseases

Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Apocrine Glands; Biomarkers, Tumor; Ear Canal; Hamartoma; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratin-7; Keratins; Sweat Gland Diseases

Eccrine angiomatous hamartoma (EAH) is an exceedingly rare benign tumor-like lesion prevalent in childhood which may produce pain and marked sweating. Although an aggressive treatment is not generally indicated, surgery may be considered in severe cases. In this report we present novel morphological findings by immunophenotyping, document the first MRI findings in EAH and emphasize the importance of preoperative imaging of such lesions.

Topics: Aged; Eccrine Glands; Hamartoma; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Ki-67 Antigen; Leg; Male; Mucin-1; S100 Proteins; Sweat Gland Diseases

Transient acantholytic dermatosis is often associated with excessive sweating, fever, and bed confinement. The pathogenesis of this disease has been postulated to be poral occlusion of damaged eccrine intraepidermal ducts. Histological and immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies were performed on 10 biopsies from 10 patients with transient acantholytic dermatosis. Immunoreactions for carcinoembryonic antigen and cytokeratin-7 to identify eccrine duct epithelium were performed on all 11 biopsies. In addition, 5 of the biopsies were immunoreacted for cytokeratin 8. All immunoreactions were reviewed independently by two observers to determine extent of reactivity and whether it correlated with areas of epidermal acantholysis. Among the 11 biopsies, 8 showed acantholysis not associated with eccrine duct outflow tracts. In 2 biopsies the acantholysis was consistently associated with acrosyringea; in one case acantholysis was inconsistently associated with eccrine outflow tracts. Epidermal acantholysis in patients with Grover's disease is associated with the outflow tracts of eccrine ducts in a subgroup of patients. Although leakage of sweat from occluded sweat ducts in acrosyringia may be the mechanism operating in a subgroup of patients with Grover's disease, this does not appear to be the subgroup of patients in whom Grover's disease develops in the setting of being bedridden and/or sweating.

Topics: Acantholysis; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biopsy; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Eccrine Glands; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratin-7; Keratins; Male; Middle Aged; Sweat Gland Diseases

We report on an 11-year-old female patient with anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (AED) showing the following characteristics: (1) reduced number of hair follicles and incomplete formation of sweat glands; (2) disturbed hair growth with shortening of anagen and anhidrosis; (3) disturbed cytokeratin expression pattern of CK 13, 14, 19 (follicular epithelium) and of CK 18 (eccrine sweat glands); (4) reduction of cystine and increase in sulphonic cysteine acid. Thus, we demonstrated pathological differentiation on the immunomorphological and on the biochemical level, leading to disturbed keratinization that could be visualized by transmission and scanning electron microscopical studies of the hair shafts. According to these findings AED is a developmental defect that involves not only incomplete formation of hair follicles and sweat glands but also a disordered differentiation and follicular keratinization with disturbed cytokeratin pattern and pathological amino acid composition of the terminal hairs produced.

Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Cell Differentiation; Child; Ectodermal Dysplasia; Female; Hair; Hair Diseases; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Keratins; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Scalp; Sweat Gland Diseases; Sweat Glands; Tooth Abnormalities