bromochloroacetic-acid and Submandibular-Gland-Neoplasms

A primary small cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the submandibular gland is reported. Histological studies revealed that the major part of this tumor was composed of cells slightly larger (10-14 microm) than lymphocytes. These tumor cells showed myoepithelial-cell differentiation, which was confirmed by the immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings. Furthermore, some of them showed luminal-cell and basal-cell differentiation immunohistochemically. However, there was no evidence of neuroendocrine differentiation. These findings demonstrated that the tumor had the features of all the salivary ductal components (myoepithelial, basal, and luminal cells) and supported that the tumor might arise from the salivary duct. Furthermore, it supports the hypothesis of multipotential stem cells as the origin for small cell undifferentiated carcinomas in salivary glands.

Topics: Actins; Carcinoma, Small Cell; Cell Nucleus; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Mucin-1; Salivary Ducts; Submandibular Gland Neoplasms; Vimentin

Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Child; Cysts; Diagnosis, Differential; Epithelium; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Keratin-19; Keratin-5; Keratin-6; Keratin-7; Keratins; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Reoperation; Submandibular Gland; Submandibular Gland Neoplasms; Transcription Factors; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; Tumor Suppressor Proteins

Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) is a rare low-grade salivary gland malignancy of presumed intercalated duct origin comprising 1% of all salivary gland tumours. High grade transformation (HGT) in EMC is a recently recognised entity with only a few cases reported in the literature. The authors report an additional case of EMC with HGT involving the submandibular gland. The patient was a 60-year-old woman who requested examination of the rapid growth of a mass in the left submandibular area, which she had first noticed 20 years previously. Histologically, the tumour had two distinct carcinomatous components. One component had features of a low grade EMC. The second component consisted of polygonal cells, arranged in a solid and nested pattern, with marked nuclear pleomorphism, brisk mitotic activity, and frequent necrosis. The Ki-67 labelling index of the EMC component was 9%, and that of the high grade component was 40%. The patient developed multiple pulmonary metastases 15 months after surgery. The aggressive behaviour of EMC with HGT suggests that it is important to recognise this variant of EMC to avoid misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment.

Topics: Calcium-Binding Proteins; Calmodulin-Binding Proteins; Calponins; Carcinoma; Cell Nucleus; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cytoplasm; Diagnostic Errors; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Keratins; Ki-67 Antigen; Lung Neoplasms; Membrane Proteins; Microfilament Proteins; Middle Aged; Mitotic Index; Necrosis; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Submandibular Gland Neoplasms

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor is a highly aggressive neoplasm that generally involves the peritoneum and pelvis of young patients. Only rare cases occur outside the abdomen. We report a case presenting as a primary submandibular gland tumor in a 24-year-old man. Histologically, although there were irregular tumor islands lying in an abundant desmoplastic stroma, there were also areas comprising large cellular islands with scanty stroma in between, raising the differential diagnosis of various salivary gland carcinomas. The tumor cells were medium sized, with hyperchromatic nuclei and moderate amounts of cytoplasm. The diagnosis of desmoplastic small round cell tumor was confirmed by the presence of a polyphenotypic immunoprofile (positive for cytokeratin, desmin, and neuron-specific enolase) and the characteristic EWS-WT1 gene fusion. Although rare, desmoplastic small round cell tumor has to be considered in the differential diagnosis of poorly differentiated neoplasms of the salivary gland, especially in young patients.

Topics: Cell Proliferation; Combined Modality Therapy; Desmin; Disease-Free Survival; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Keratins; Male; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Sarcoma, Small Cell; Submandibular Gland Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; Young Adult

Spontaneous salivary gland tumors in rats are rare. The authors report a poorly differentiated carcinoma of a submandibular gland in a ten-week-old rat that was positive for vimentin. Microscopically, the neoplastic cells showed a diffuse growth pattern in most areas of the tumor mass and a nestlike structure in a part of the peripheral area. Immunohistochemically, the cells were positive for keratin and vimentin but not for alpha-smooth muscle actin. Ultrastructurally, desmosome-like structures were observed. Based on these findings, the tumor was diagnosed as a poorly differentiated carcinoma. The origin of the neoplastic cells would be either acinar or ductal cells. This suggests that acinar or ductal cells have the potential to transform into vimentin-expressing cells.

Topics: Animals; Carcinoma; Keratins; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rodent Diseases; Submandibular Gland Neoplasms; Toxicity Tests; Vimentin

Topics: Antibodies; Biomarkers; Humans; Keratin-18; Keratin-8; Keratins; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Sarcoma, Small Cell; Submandibular Gland Neoplasms

Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Immunophenotyping; Keratins; Lymphatic Metastasis; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Prognosis; Submandibular Gland Neoplasms

Carcinosarcomas are a very rare group of true malignant tumors of the salivary gland. As the name indicates, the tumor is composed of an epithelial and a mesenchymal component, both malignant. We report a case of carcinosarcoma of the submandibular gland in an 86-year-old woman. The epithelial component showed a squamous carcinoma phenotype, whereas the mesenchymal component was morphologically similar to a fibrosarcoma. The epithelial component was strongly positive for CK13, CK14, and AE1/AE, and groups of positive cells were seen for CK19 and vimentin. The whole mesenchymal component was positive for vimentin, negative for cytokeratins, and focal cells were positive for smooth- muscle actin. Both components were strongly positive for P53 and Cyclin D1, and focally positive for MDM2. Rare multinucleated giant cells showed expression of CD68, and focal dendritical cells on carcinomatous nests were positive for S-100. The CK7, CK8, Factor XIIIa, c-erbB-2, P16, CDK-4, Rb1, and E2F-1 were not detected in these 2 groups of malignant cell populations.

Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Carcinosarcoma; Cyclin D1; Female; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Keratins; Submandibular Gland Neoplasms; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; Vimentin

A case of salivary duct carcinoma arising in the submandibular region of an 83-year-old man is presented. Histologically, the tumour consisted of solid cell nests with ductal structures. Tumour cell nests showed central comedonecrosis. Immunohistochemically, the tumour cells were positive for keratin and epithelial membrane antigen but negative for S-100 protein and calponin. Clinical features as well as pathological examinations based on haematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical stainings were important in the diagnosis of this case.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Apolipoproteins; Apolipoproteins D; Carcinoma, Ductal; Carrier Proteins; Glycoproteins; Humans; Keratins; Male; Membrane Transport Proteins; Mucin-1; Neoplasm Proteins; Salivary Ducts; Submandibular Gland Neoplasms

Tumours of dendritic/accessory cell origin are rare neoplasms arising in lymph nodes. Among these, tumours derived from cytokeratin-positive interstitial reticulum cells (CIRCs), a subset of fibroblastic reticulum cells, are reported even less frequently. The International Lymphoma Study Group (ILSG) has recently proposed a classification for tumours of histiocytes and accessory dendritic cells in which CIRC tumours are not included. We report a case of a CIRC tumour arising in a submandibular lymph node of a 66-year-old male.. The neoplasm was composed of spindle cells with elongated or round nuclei, prominent nucleoli and abundant cytoplasm. These cells were arranged in a diffuse fascicular and vaguely whorled pattern. The tumour cells stained diffusely for S100, vimentin, desmin, lysozyme, and focally for CD68 and cytokeratins 7, 8, 18, CK-AE1 and CK-pool. Electron microscopy was performed for further evaluation on samples taken from the paraffin block; this revealed cytoplasmic projections and rudimentary cell junctions.. Histopathologist should be aware of the existence of tumours deriving from CIRCs, as these cases may be misdiagnosed as metastatic carcinoma. Careful clinical and pathological evaluation is necessary to exclude this possibility.

Topics: Aged; Dendritic Cells; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Keratins; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoma; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Submandibular Gland Neoplasms; Ultrasonography

Malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) in the neck region is very rare. We report a case of MRT in a 60-year-old woman who had a history of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland 7 years previously. One year before admission, in 1995, thyroid carcinoma recurred, and the tumor contained a small undifferentiated region with rhabdoid features. The tumor in 1996 consisted of round to oval rhabdoid cells with abundant cytoplasm, and the growth pattern was diffuse and infiltrative, with no papillary structures. We therefore concluded that the lesion was MRT, transformed from papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Topics: Aged; Carcinoma, Papillary; Cytoplasm; Female; Humans; Keratins; Microscopy, Electron; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasms, Second Primary; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase; Rhabdoid Tumor; Submandibular Gland Neoplasms; Thyroid Neoplasms; Vimentin

Hybrid tumours of the salivary gland are rare neoplasms that have been described only in the parotid and palate. Their recognition is important particularly when the component tumours have different biological behaviours. The occurrence of a submandibular hybrid tumour has not been reported.. We describe a case of a 36-year-old woman with a hybrid carcinoma composed of salivary duct adenocarcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma of the right submandibular gland. There was no evidence of a pre-existing or concurrent pleomorphic adenoma. The presence of the two components was verified by differential immunohistochemical staining using a panel of cytokeratin, vimentin, smooth muscle actin and S100. The patient subsequently developed metastases to the pelvis, lumbar, vertebra and wrist. The clinical course in this patient was consistent with the behaviour of the salivary duct adenocarcinoma component.. The histogenesis of hybrid tumours is largely unknown, but in this case it may represent diverging differentiation of luminal tumour cells. Because some histological features of different salivary gland tumours overlap, immunohistochemistry is a valuable tool especially when used to delineate the components of a hybrid tumour.

Topics: Actins; Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; S100 Proteins; Submandibular Gland Neoplasms; Vimentin

Mucoepidermoid carcinomas in two mice were investigated histologically, immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally. The neoplastic cells showed divergent differentiation into periodic acid-Schiff-positive mucous cells, keratin-positive squamous cells, and cells with both mucous granules and sheaves of tonofilaments. Gland formation and keratinization were not observed. At the periphery of tumour cell nests, some cells were immunolabelled for smooth muscle actin or contained concentrated thin filaments, and these observations were interpreted to indicate that murine mucoepidermoid carcinomas are associated with both myoepithelium and duct epithelium.

Topics: Actins; Animals; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid; Female; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Microscopy, Electron; Rodent Diseases; Submandibular Gland Neoplasms

A case of sebaceous carcinoma arising in the left submandibular gland of a 66-year-old man is reported. The clinical and pathological examinations revealed a carcinoma, which was to salivary gland in origin, with regional lymph nodal metastases. Pathological findings showed features of high-grade sebaceous carcinoma with spindle myoepitheliomatous differentiation. Neither squamous cell nor duct epithelial-like cell differentiation was noted. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin, S-100 protein and vimentin. Lipid was demonstrated in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells. Ultrastructurally, tumor cells contained numerous intracytoplasmic lipid droplets. Myoepitheliomatous differentiation is rare in sebaceous carcinoma of the salivary gland. Presented is the second reported case of sebaceous carcinoma arising in the submandibular gland.

Topics: Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Keratins; Male; Microscopy, Electron; S100 Proteins; Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms; Submandibular Gland Neoplasms

Malignant myoepithelioma (MME) of the salivary gland, also known as myoepithelial carcinoma, is rare and its biologic behavior has not been clarified fully.. Ten cases of MME were analyzed for their clinicopathologic features and immunohistochemical characteristics, focusing on prognostic factors and tumor differentiation. In addition, six cases of benign myoepithelioma (BME) also were examined for comparison.. The ten patients with MME (3 men and 7 women) ranged in age from 48-81 years (mean, 61.9 years). Seven cases of MME arose in the parotid salivary gland, two in the submandibular salivary gland, and one in minor salivary glands of the soft palate. In the current series, the incidence of MME was 0.45% among 1945 cases of major salivary gland tumors. Seven cases of MME developed from a benign preexisting tumor (six in pleomorphic adenoma and one in BME). Four of nine patients with MME died of the disease and two patients developed a recurrence. It was shown that MMEs were comprised of one cell type or a combination of two cell populations; these included, in order of incidence, epithelioid, spindle, and plasmacytoid cells. Patients with MME with marked cellular pleomorphism and perineural invasion had a poor prognosis. Immunohistochemically, putative myoepithelial markers such as muscle actins, cytokeratin 14, vimentin, and calponin, and S-100 protein were expressed highly in MME. High and low molecular weight cytokeratins and epithelial membrane antigen also frequently were positive in MME. p53 expression was observed in five MME cases, four of which either recurred or were fatal. Cellular proliferative activity assessed by mitotic count and the Ki-67 labeling index was significantly higher in MME cases than in BME cases. In limited cases, such cellular proliferative activity was shown to have prognostic value. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells displayed certain myoepithelial characteristics.. MME is a rare salivary gland tumor showing clinicopathologic diversity and presenting with various stages of myoepithelial differentiation. Histologic aggressiveness, marked cellular pleomorphism, p53 expression, and high cell proliferative activity were found to be correlated with a poor clinical outcome.

Topics: Actins; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers, Tumor; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Calponins; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Ki-67 Antigen; Male; Microfilament Proteins; Middle Aged; Myoepithelioma; Myosins; Parotid Neoplasms; S100 Proteins; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Submandibular Gland Neoplasms; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; Vimentin

Congenital epithelial tumours of the salivary glands are very rare. The Salivary Gland Registry maintained in the Department of Pathology. University of Hamburg, contains only three cases among a total of 6,646 salivary gland tumours from the years 1965-1994. The three cases were classified as congenital basal cell adenoma, two of the parotid gland and one of the submandibular gland. Histologically, the three adenomas were similar in structure to the adult counterpart of basal cell adenoma with solid, trabecular or tubular (duct-like) patterns. In some cystic spaces of the duct-like structures PAS- and Astra blue-positive substances were secreted. On immunocytochemistry, the luminal duct-like cells showed membranous expression of cytokeratins 3, 5, 6, 7, 13 and 19. In the isomorphic basaloid cells of the solid and trabecular cell nests few cells expressed cytokeratin. On the outside of the solid cell nests there were smaller elongated myoepithelial-like cells, which expressed cytokeratin 14 and vimentin. Cytokeratins 1, 2, 4 and 18 were not expressed. The pattern of expression reflects the different stages of maturity of the tumour cells and is related to the development of the salivary glands until the end of the 3rd embryonal month with an arrest of further cell differentiation. No acinic cells, invasive growth, recurrence or metastases were observed. The differential diagnosis includes other congenital salivary gland tumours, such as hybrid basal cell adenoma-adenoid cystic carcinoma, sialoblastoma or embryoma, carcinoma, hamartoma and teratoma.

Topics: Adenoma; Carcinoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Hamartoma; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Infant, Newborn; Keratins; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Parotid Neoplasms; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; Submandibular Gland Neoplasms; Teratoma; Vimentin

Clear cell carcinoma of salivary gland is a rare neoplasm. We report a third case of clear cell carcinoma arising in a pleomorphic adenoma and also in an extraparotid location. We document the immunohistochemical profile of the tumour including reactivity with a marker for the c-erbB-2 oncoprotein and suggest a myoepithelial origin for these lesions. The presence of a tetraploid stemline may account for the rapid tumour progression in this case.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell; Adenoma, Pleomorphic; Biomarkers, Tumor; DNA, Neoplasm; ErbB Receptors; Female; Humans; Keratins; Middle Aged; Proto-Oncogene Proteins; Receptor, ErbB-2; S100 Proteins; Submandibular Gland Neoplasms; Vimentin

Basal cell adenocarcinoma is a recently defined category of salivary gland neoplasms. As the terminology implies, this group of tumors has many histopathologic features that are similar to the more well-known basal cell adenomas. To better characterize these tumors, 23 basal cell adenocarcinomas were reviewed and compared with 11 basal cell adenomas with the use of light microscopic and immunohistochemical methods. Evaluation of cytokeratin, S-100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, carcinoembryonic antigen, epithelial membrane antigen, smooth muscle actin, vimentin, B72.3, Ber-EP4, and milk fat globulin immunoreactivity was performed. Parallel to the morphologic similarity, the immunoprofiles of the basal cell adenocarcinoma and basal cell adenoma were quite similar. Both tumors showed reactivity patterns indicative of ductal epithelial and myoepithelial differentiation. In addition, reactivity to some polymorphic epithelial mucins was observed, which suggested glandular differentiation. The identification of antigens found normally in myoepithelial and epithelial cells supports the concept that these tumors are derived from pluripotential salivary gland epithelial cells. The comparable immunohistochemical profiles imply evolvement from similar cell lines and lead us to conclude that distinction between the two is not possible on the basis of these findings.

Topics: Actins; Adenocarcinoma; Adenoma; Antigens, Neoplasm; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Keratins; Membrane Glycoproteins; Mucin-1; Parotid Neoplasms; S100 Proteins; Submandibular Gland Neoplasms; Vimentin

Salivary duct carcinoma (cribriform salivary carcinoma of the excretory ducts [CSCED]) is an uncommon malignant tumor which occurs predominantly in men (83% in this series; mean age, 61 years) and most often in the parotid gland (92% in this series). The outcome is unfavorable for most patients; of 11 of 12 patients with follow-up, 45% had local recurrence, 54% had distant metastasis, and 45% were dead of disease within 10 years of diagnosis (mean, 3 years). Metastases to lymph nodes were common (72%). Immunohistochemical studies on paraffin-embedded tissue revealed that most tumors reacted with antibodies known to mark adenocarcinoma: B72.3 (11 of 11) and Lewis Y (ten of ten). High and low molecular weight cytokeratins were present in most tumors (nine of ten and seven of nine cases, respectively), supporting the concept that these adenocarcinomas were of ductal origin. Parotid ducts adjacent to CSCED expressed B72.3 in six of nine cases studied, but parotid ducts from normal tissue (adjacent to benign mixed tumors or enlarged periparotid lymph nodes) rarely expressed this marker (one of 17 cases). The detection of B72.3 diffusely in parotid ducts, especially those with atypia, may imply the presence of malignant tumor nearby, which could be useful in evaluating limited tissue from the parotid. However, further studies are necessary to confirm the significance of this finding.

Topics: Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Middle Aged; Molecular Weight; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Parotid Neoplasms; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Submandibular Gland Neoplasms

We present a rare case of submandibular gland carcinosarcoma occurring in a 45-year-old male patient. His clinical history revealed that the carcinosarcoma had developed from a carcinoma ex mixed tumor in three years. In spite of repeated resection, intensive chemotherapy and irradiation, the tumor recurred and grew rapidly, and the patient died of hemothorax caused by rupture of a pulmonary metastatic tumor. The fourth recurrent tumor and autopsy specimens showed features of carcinosarcoma consisting of three tumor components, i.e., undifferentiated carcinoma, and chondrosarcomatous and osteosarcomatous growth. The metastatic nodules in both lungs and pulmonary hilar lymph nodes showed the same pattern. Immunohistochemically, the chondrosarcomatous cells were positive for vimentin and S-100 protein, and for epithelial markers such as epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and cytokeratin (MA-902). Undifferentiated carcinoma cells, on the other hand, were partially positive for muscle actin other than cytokeratin (KL 1). Ultrastructurally, desmosome-like structures were seen in the chondrosarcomatous cells. These findings suggest that the sarcomatous lesions might have originated from epithelial cells.

Topics: Actins; Adult; Autopsy; Carcinosarcoma; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Male; Membrane Glycoproteins; Microscopy, Electron; Mucin-1; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; S100 Proteins; Submandibular Gland Neoplasms; Vimentin

To investigate the cellular differentiation of adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC), a comparative immunohistochemical study of 12 normal salivary glands and eight specimens of ACC was performed. Antibodies were used against S100 protein (S), keratins (K) of various molecular weights, vimentin (V), muscle-specific actin (A), epithelial-membrane antigen, human milk fat globules, and collagen type IV. A panel of four of these antibodies (SKVA) was identified as the most helpful in characterizing cells in normal salivary glands and ACC. The immunophenotypes depended on the histologic patterns of ACC. Cells in morphologically recognizable duct structures in the cribriform and trabecular areas expressed a phenotype similar to that of the intercalated duct. Cell layers around pseudocysts and occasional cellular islands had an immunophenotype suggesting myoepithelial-cell differentiation. The most clear cut epithelial/myoepithelial bilaminar differentiation was present in areas with a trabecular pattern, in which the layers facing the stroma and the central ductal elements had SKVA phenotypes of myoepithelial and ductal differentiation, respectively. In areas with a reticular pattern, most of the cells showed ductal differentiation. Many of the cells in the cribriform and basaloid regions were immunophenotypically undifferentiated. These results indicate that ACC consists of undifferentiated cells and of cells that are differentiating toward ducts, predominantly intercalated ducts, and toward myoepithelium. These findings support previous observations by electron microscope.

Topics: Actins; Antibodies; Breast Neoplasms; Bronchial Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic; Cell Differentiation; Collagen; Histocytochemistry; Keratins; Lymphatic Metastasis; Membrane Proteins; Molecular Weight; Mucin-1; Phenotype; S100 Proteins; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Salivary Glands; Skin Neoplasms; Submandibular Gland Neoplasms; Vimentin

An immunohistochemical survey of the distribution of keratin was studied in chemically induced carcinomas of the submandibular glands of mice. Initial signs of premalignant changes were degranulation of granular convoluted tubule cells and deposition of keratin protein in small limited areas of the degranulated cells. There was a gradual increase in the area showing keratin staining in altered tubule cells. Duct-like and cystic structures stained intensely for keratin, as did squamous metaplastic epithelial cells. Induced carcinomas were variably keratinized. Basal layers of cells of squamous-cell carcinomas displayed weak keratin staining, and spinous tumor cells and parakeratotic tumor cells showed somewhat increased levels of keratin staining. Some desquamated keratotic tumor cells stained intensely for keratin. Just as the localization of epidermal and nerve growth factors and lectin-binding histochemistry have been used in studying tumorigenesis in the mouse submandibular gland, immunohistochemically detected keratin proved to be a useful marker of tumor cells of ductal segment origin.

Topics: 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; Animals; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Epithelium; Histocytochemistry; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Keratins; Male; Metaplasia; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Precancerous Conditions; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Submandibular Gland; Submandibular Gland Neoplasms

The immunohistochemical distribution of keratin is reported in experimental carcinogenesis in the mouse submandibular gland (SMG). The initial changes included degranulation of granular convoluted tubule (GCT) cells and the appearance of keratin in the degranulated cells. There was a gradual increase in the area showing keratin staining in the altered tubule cells. Duct-like and cystic structures exhibited an intense keratin staining of their lining epithelium. The squamous cell carcinomas induced varying degrees of keratinization and positive immunohistochemical keratin staining. The latter technique provided a useful marker for distinguishing tumor cells of segmental duct origin in the salivary gland.

Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Histocytochemistry; Keratins; Male; Mice; Precancerous Conditions; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Submandibular Gland Neoplasms

Peroxidase-conjugated lectins were used for the histochemical detection of carbohydrates in experimental carcinomas of mouse submandibular glands. Induced carcinomas, 43 lesions from 25 cases, were examined histochemically with galactose-binding lectins (PNA and RCA-1), N-acetyl-galactosamine-binding lectins (DBA and SBA), a fucose-binding lectin (UEA-1), and a N-acetyl-glucosamine-binding lectin (WGA). In non- or slightly keratinized squamous-cell carcinomas, the lectin binding of PNA, RCA-1, DBA, SBA, and WGA was weak in tumor epithelia, and UEA-1 binding was slight. In highly keratinized squamous-cell carcinomas, lectin binding was increased in tumor epithelia, but no reaction was noted in completely keratinized regions. Desquamated materials in lumens of tumors gave an intense stain with lectins. Stromal connective tissue, including collagen fibers and basement membranes stained intensely. Lectin binding to submandibular carcinomas was different from binding to granular convoluted tubules and the striated ducts of the normal submandibular gland.

Topics: Amino Sugars; Animals; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cytoplasm; Epithelium; Keratins; Lectins; Mice; Precancerous Conditions; Receptors, Mitogen; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Staining and Labeling; Submandibular Gland Neoplasms

Twenty-two benign pleomorphic adenomas of the major salivary glands were studied by transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemical techniques (three cases) in order to characterize the cell types comprising the epithelial and so-called mesenchymal regions of the tumors. Light- and electron-microscopic studies showed the tumors to consist of variable mixtures of neoplastic ductular epithelial cells, rare acinar cells, and metaplastic myoepithelial cells. Many of the loosely organized "stromal cells" contained structures indicative of their myoepithelial origin, e.g., perinuclear tonofilaments, ectoplasmic actin microfilaments, and remnants of basement membrane. Polyclonal antikeratin antisera strongly stained ductular epithelial and myoepithelial cells, squamoid cell nests, and periductular myoepithelial cells, whereas myxoid and chondroid cells were less intensely stained. Monoclonal cytokeratin antibody AE1 stained only the ductular epithelial cells in both the normal glands and tumors. In contrast, S-100 protein, which is present only in scattered acinar cells and myoepithelial cells in the normal parotid gland, was found in the ductular and periductular myoepithelial cells, isolated myxoid cells, and chondroid and cartilagenous cells in the tumors. Actin was found in all the cell types of the tumor but staining was strongest in the ducts. Double immunofluorescence staining for cytokeratin and vimentin revealed coexpression of both types of intermediate filaments in occasional normal acinar and intercalated duct myoepithelial cells, and in some cells in the myxoid and chondroid regions of the tumors. In the tumors, vimentin was present in occasional periductular myoepithelial cells, stellate myxoid cells, and especially in chondroid cells and chondrocytes. Our findings indicate that benign pleomorphic adenomas of the major salivary glands are pure epithelial cell tumors. The histologic complexity of these neoplasms is due to the ability of the neoplastic ductular myoepithelial cell to modulate its morphologic appearance and intermediate filament composition, and to produce large amounts of matrix substances. We further postulate that these tumors arise from neoplastically transformed intercalated ducts.

Topics: Actins; Adenoma, Pleomorphic; Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Epithelium; Female; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Immunologic Techniques; Intermediate Filament Proteins; Keratins; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Middle Aged; Parotid Gland; Parotid Neoplasms; Protein Precursors; S100 Proteins; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Submandibular Gland; Submandibular Gland Neoplasms; Vimentin