bromochloroacetic-acid and Schistosomiasis

This study was designed to detect the expression of CK-19 and CK-20 in tissue specimens and IL-6 in the sera (as a noninvasive maneuver) of bladder cancer patients. Results were correlated with the clinico-pathologic parameters, Bilharziasis and the occurrence of relapse of the carcinoma among Egyptian bladder cancer patients.. Subjects of this study were 50 cases of bladder carcinoma (19 cases were positive for Bilharziasis) as well as 20 cystitis cases as control (7 cases were positive for Bilharziasis). Messenger ribonucleic acid extracted from fresh frozen tissue specimens with bladder tumor and the control group were collected and subjected to RT-PCR to detect expression of the amplification bands of CK-19 and CK-20 (214 and 370 base pairs). In the mean time, Interleukin-6 was quantified in the sera of the patients using ELISA kit.. CK-19 and CK-20 RNAs were expressed in bladder cancer cases, but not expressed in the control group. They were significantly correlated to advanced tumor stage and grade, while CK-19 positivity, was also, correlated to tumor recurrence and tumor pathology being more in SCC than TCC. Moreover, IL-6 positivity was correlated to the occurrence of malignancy, advanced grade and pathology being more in SCC than TCC. ROC curve was utilized to choose the best cut-off for serum IL-6 (49.2 pg/mL). At the determined cut-off, the sensitivity was 66% and the specificity was 95%. Bilharziasis was found to be related to advanced stages and grades of bladder cancer.. CK-19, CK-20 and IL-6 were strongly associated with malignant phenotype of Egyptian bladder tissues, so they may be used as additional markers for assessment of bladder cancer patients.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Egypt; Genetic Markers; Humans; Interleukin-6; Intermediate Filament Proteins; Keratin-20; Keratins; Middle Aged; Schistosomiasis; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

A case of a 66-year-old Japanese woman with two synchronous urinary bladder tumors, namely verrucous carcinoma and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, is described. Both tumors were accompanied by widespread squamous metaplasia in the background and unassociated with bilharzial infection. The poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, having a satellite tumor in its proximity, was large and in an advanced stage. The verrucous carcinoma was small with minimal invasion to the muscularis propria. The boundary between both tumors was well defined, suggesting colliding growth appearance. Immunoexpression of cytokeratins of verrucous carcinoma was similar to that of squamous metaplasia, and significant differences between verrucous carcinoma and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma were demonstrated in their immunoexpression of cytokeratins.

Topics: Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Keratins; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; Schistosomiasis; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Twenty patients with bladder carcinoma (14 transitional cell carcinoma and six squamous cell carcinoma) and ten controls of (four with bilharzial lesions, three without and three with metaplasia and dysplasia) were subjected to immunocytochemical and immunohistochemical studies. Bladder and urine samples examination were carried out with the high molecular weight cytokeratin and broad spectrum keratin antibodies using peroxidase anti-peroxidase. Cytokeratins of high molecular weight were expressed in all squamous cancer while broad spectrum keratin was positive in 83.3%. The transitional cell carcinoma was positive in 50% with both cytokeratin and broad spectrum keratin. Urine shedded were positive in 83.3% and 66.7% of squamous cell carcinoma with high molecular weight cytokeratin and broad spectrum keratin respectively. However, each of them was positive in 50% of transitional carcinoma, and negative with non-malignant cases except with metaplasia and dysplasia.

Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Schistosomiasis; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Histogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma in two prostates heavily affected by schistosomiasis was determined immunohistochemically by localization of two prostatic specific markers and keratin. The demonstration of prostatic specific antigen and keratin served to differentiate between metaplasia and squamous cell carcinoma associated with prostatic schistosomiasis from other prostatic and urinary bladder neoplasms.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antigens, Neoplasm; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Keratins; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Schistosomiasis; Seminal Vesicles; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

The stratified epithelium serves as protection for underlying tissues and organs, and the structural fitness of the epidermal cells has been extensively reported. We studied the possible roles played by the epidermis as a barrier against the migration of Schistosoma mansoni larvae. Freshly shed cercariae were collected and placed on the back skin of 2-day-old rats. Electron microscopy of biopsies taken at various intervals showed the larvae and their secretory granules in keratinocytes in which the cytoplasm had become homogeneous in appearance. SDS gel electrophoresis showed the digestion of purified epidermal keratin (60K protein) by a proteinase secreted from cercariae, but this activity was inhibited by an inhibitor purified from epidermal cells. These findings suggest that epidermal cells function both structurally and chemically as a barrier against cercariae invasion.

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Epidermis; Immunity, Innate; Keratins; Protease Inhibitors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis