bromochloroacetic-acid and Pulmonary-Disease--Chronic-Obstructive

The objective of the study was to determine whether the cadmium-derived materials induce intracellular protein citrullination.. Human A549 lung epithelial cells were exposed to cadmium in soluble and nanoparticulate forms represented by cadmium chloride (CdCl. CdO, ufCB and its combination with CdCl. Cadmium oxide nanoparticle exposure facilitated post-translational citrullination of proteins.

Topics: A549 Cells; Cadmium Chloride; Cadmium Compounds; Citrullination; Citrulline; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Keratins; Lung; Metal Nanoparticles; Oxides; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Risk Assessment; Smoking

To date, a number of potential biomarkers for lung squamous cell cancer (SCC) have been identified; however, sensitive biomarkers are currently lacking to detect early stage SCC due to low sensitivity and specificity. In the present study, we compared the 7 serum proteomic profiles of 11 SCC patients, 7 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and 7 healthy smokers as controls to identify potential serum biomarkers associated with SCC and COPD. Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and mass-spectrometric analysis (MS) using an affinity column revealed two candidate proteins, haptoglobin (HP) and apolipoprotein 4, as biomarkers of SCC, and α-1-antichymotrypsin as a marker of COPD. The iTRAQ technique was also used to identify SCC-specific peptides. HP protein expression was significantly higher in SCC patients than in COPD patients. Furthermore, two HP protein peptides showed significantly higher serum levels in SCC patients than in COPD patients. We established novel polyclonal antibodies for the two HP peptides and subsequently a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the quantification of these specific peptides in patient and control sera. The sensitivity of detection by ELISA of one HP peptide (HP216) was 70% of SCC patients, 40% of COPDs patients and 13% of healthy controls. We also measured CYFRA, a cytokeratin fragment clinically used as an SCC tumor marker, in all the 28 cases and found CYFRA was detected in only seven SCC cases. However, when the measurement of HP216 was combined with that of CYFRA, 100% (10 of 10 patients) of SCC cases were detected. Our proteomic profiling demonstrates that the SCC-specific HP peptide HP216 may potentially be used as a diagnostic biomarker for SCC.

Topics: Adult; Aged; alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin; Apolipoproteins A; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Case-Control Studies; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Haptoglobins; Humans; Keratins; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Middle Aged; Peptide Fragments; Proteome; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Smoking

The cytologic diagnosis of synovial sarcoma (SS) can be difficult when it occurs in unusual locations, atypical age groups, and/or have unusual morphology. We report a case of primary mediastinal SS in a 65-year-old male with a long smoking history who presented with increasing shortness of breath and was found to have a 14.2 cm mediastinal mass. Smears from the endobronchial ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration of the mass were moderately cellular consisting of loosely cohesive clusters, some of which demonstrated nuclear molding, and dispersed single cells. The relatively uniform tumor cells had a high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio, finely granular chromatin, and inconspicuous nucleoli. Some of the single cells had spindled morphology with unipolar wispy tails and naked nuclei. Based on the clinical presentation and the cytomorphologic features, our initial differential diagnoses included atypical carcinoid, small cell carcinoma, basaloid squamous cell carcinoma, sarcoma, and lymphoma. Immunohistochemical studies on the cell block sections revealed that the tumor cells were focally positive for cytokeratin and diffusely positive for CD56, while negative for CD45, synaptophysin and chromogranin. Ultimately, an immunohistochemical stain for TLE-1 demonstrated diffusely strong nuclear positivity and molecular studies showed the presence of the t(X; 18) SYT/SSX1 translocation confirming the diagnosis of SS. In this report, we describe the cytomorphologic features of SS, its diagnostic pitfalls, and potential mimics in the mediastinum.

Topics: Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; CD56 Antigen; Co-Repressor Proteins; Humans; Keratins; Ki-67 Antigen; Male; Mediastinal Neoplasms; Neoplasm Proteins; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Repressor Proteins; Sarcoma, Synovial; Smoking; Translocation, Genetic