bromochloroacetic-acid and Osteoarthritis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cartilage, Articular; Cathepsins; Chondroitin; Collagen; DNA; Glycosaminoglycans; Hexosamines; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Keratins; Mitosis; Osteoarthritis; Proteoglycans; Rabbits; Sulfates; Water

Topics: Aging; Cartilage, Articular; Cell Aggregation; Chondroitin; Collagen; Humans; Intervertebral Disc; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Keratins; Osteoarthritis; Photomicrography; Polysaccharides; Protein Binding; Proteins

Topics: Chitosan; Glucosamine; Humans; Keratins; Molecular Docking Simulation; Nanotubes, Carbon; Osteoarthritis

The study aimed to determine the serum level of glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor family-related protein ligand (GITRL) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and investigate its clinical significance. GITRL levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 88 RA patients, 20 osteoarthritis (OA) patients, and 20 healthy controls (HCs). Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies and rheumatoid factor immunoglobulin G (RF-IgG) were also tested by ELISA. RF-IgM, anti-keratin antibody (AKA), and anti-perinuclear factor (APF) antibodies and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and immunoglobulins were measured by standard laboratory techniques. The disease activity was evaluated by the 28-joint count Disease Activity Score (DAS28). GITRL concentrations were significantly elevated in both serum and synovial fluid (SF) of RA patients. GITRL levels in RA sera were significantly higher than those in matched SFs. Positive correlations were found between serum GITRL levels and inflammation parameters or autoantibody production. GITRL levels are significantly elevated in RA serum and SF and are positively correlated with autoantibody production in RA, suggesting a role of GITRL in the development of RA.

Topics: Aged; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Autoantibodies; C-Reactive Protein; Female; Humans; Keratins; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoarthritis; Peptides, Cyclic; Synovial Fluid; Tumor Necrosis Factors

The cartilages from the hip joints of 13 normal and 15 osteoarthritic humans were analyzed for glycosaminoglycan content and distribution. The GAGs were separated by elution with CPC on a short cellulose column by the technique of Svejcar and Robertson after digestion of the tissue with pronase and papain. The eluates were identified by a variety of methods including determination of molar ratios, N-acetyl-hexosamine determinations after hyaluronidase treatment and thin-layer chromatography of unhydrolyzed and hydrolyzed GAGs. From the data obtained, it was demonstrated that cartilage from arthritic patients showed a significant increase in the concentration of chondroitin 4-sulfate and a significant decrease in keratan sulfate, with only slight changes in the total amount of GAG present. Calculations of the molar ratios showed variation in the sulfation with chondroitin 4-sulfate appearing in the "supersulfated" state in the arthritic cartilage. The data lead to speculation regarding the process of osteoarthritis, and it is concluded that the changes seen are more likely to represent an altered pattern of synthesis rather than selective degradation. Since the changes suggest a younger cartilage, a theory is advanced that the chondrocyte responds to the chronic stress of osteoarthritis by modulation to a chondroblastic phase.

Topics: Aged; Cartilage, Articular; Cell Differentiation; Chondroitin; Chromatography; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Femoral Neck Fractures; Glycosaminoglycans; Hexosamines; Hexoses; Hip Joint; Humans; Keratins; Middle Aged; Osteoarthritis; Statistics as Topic; Sulfates; Uronic Acids