bromochloroacetic-acid and Nevus--Pigmented

Cutaneous metastasis from gastric carcinoma is uncommon. We describe a patient with a metastasis from gastric carcinoma to a congenital melanocytic nevus. The diagnosis was confirmed by positive immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin 20 and lack of cytokeratin 7.

Topics: Carcinoma; Collagen; Cytoplasm; Female; Hair; Humans; Keratins; Melanocytes; Middle Aged; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; Nevus, Pigmented; S100 Proteins; Skin Neoplasms; Stomach Neoplasms; Sweat Glands; Vimentin

Topics: Anus Diseases; Diagnosis, Differential; Epidermal Cyst; Follicular Cyst; Hair Follicle; Humans; Keratins; Male; Middle Aged; Nevus, Pigmented

Gap junctions (GJs) have been shown to play a role in tumor progression including a variety of keratinocyte-derived and non-keratinocyte-derived skin tumors. Here we show that the synthesis of the GJ proteins connexin 26 and connexin 30 (Cx26 and Cx30) is induced in keratinocyte-derived epithelial skin tumors whereas there is either no change or a downregulation of Cx43. Cx26, Cx30, and Cx43 are absent in non-epithelial skin tumors. Further, Cx26 and Cx30 are induced in the epidermis adjacent to malignant melanoma but absent in the epidermis adjacent to benign non-epithelial skin lesions (melanocytic nevi and angioma). The keratinocyte-derived skin tumors are very heterogeneous regarding the Cx26/Cx30 pattern in the epidermis at the periphery of the tumors. We did not observe any difference in the localization of the very similar proteins Cx26 and Cx30 but a variation in intensity of immunoreactivity. As the staining patterns of Cx26 and Cx30 antibodies are not identical to those of CK6, a marker for hyperproliferation, and CK17, a marker for trauma, we discuss that the induction of these gap junctional proteins exceeds a reflection of reactive hyperproliferative or traumatized epidermis. We further discuss the putative roles of these gap junctional proteins in tumor progression.

Topics: Animals; Bowen's Disease; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Connexin 26; Connexin 30; Connexins; Epidermis; Hemangioma; Humans; Keratinocytes; Keratins; Keratosis; Liver; Melanoma; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Nevus, Pigmented; Skin Neoplasms; Warts

A 33-year-old Japanese woman presented with a black papule on a pigmented lesion which had been on her right thigh since her early childhood. A hematoxylin-eosin-stained section revealed a sharply demarcated, acanthotic epidermis composed of enlarged clear cells, which stained positively for epithelial membrane antigen and negatively for carcinoembryonic antigen. With antikeratin antibodies, the tumor cells stained for AE1 and AE3, but did not stain for CAM5.2. They contained abundant glycogen. Histologically, we diagnosed the case as a clear cell acanthoma which developed in the pre-existing epidermal nevus. This is the second such case in the literature.

Topics: Adult; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Hyperplasia; Keratins; Mucin-1; Nevus, Pigmented; Skin Neoplasms

The presence of immunoreactive neurofilament proteins has previously been reported in Merkel cell carcinomas but not in normal human epidermal and dermal Merkel cells. We have studied the immunoreactivity of epidermal Merkel cells for neurofilament triplet proteins (68 KD, 70 KD, 160 KD, 200 KD), using epidermal sheets prepared from the plantar skin of human adults, which enabled us to survey large numbers of Merkel cells. Neurofilament protein 200 KD-positive cells were readily identified, while neurofilament protein 68 KD-, 70 KD- and 160 KD-positive cells were largely absent. 200 KD-positive cells in the epidermis were confirmed to represent Merkel cells by a sequential immunoenzyme labeling for the simple epithelial type cytokeratin (No. 8). 200 KD-positive cells were 5.9% of the total number of epidermal Merkel cells. Despite a heterogeneous expression of neurofilament protein subspecies between the normal and transformed Merkel cells, the presence of neurofilament proteins in epidermal Merkel cells may link them to Merkel cell carcinomas.

Topics: Adult; Carcinoma, Merkel Cell; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Dendrites; Epidermis; Epithelium; Gene Expression; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Mechanoreceptors; Melanoma; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurofilament Proteins; Nevus, Pigmented; Skin; Skin Neoplasms

The human ABH blood-group antigen expression of cytokeratin, S-100 protein, and the melanoma-associated antigen was studied in 12 cases of pigmented nevi. The biotin-streptavidin immunostaining system was applied. ABH antigens were found both in the endothelial cells and in the germinative epidermal layer. The flat overlaying epithelium, single melanocytes and melanoblasts were positive for cytokeratin. Some basilar cells and the giant multinucleate cells in the Spitz nevi stained for S-100 protein. The melanoma-associated antigen was visualized in the upper epidermal layers as well as in some melanocytes. The present article discusses the specificity of the antigens studied as well as some immunologic traits of potential malignant development of Spitz nevi.

Topics: Antigens, Neoplasm; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Melanoma-Specific Antigens; Neoplasm Proteins; Nevus, Pigmented; S100 Proteins

We report on a 45-year-old male patient with a 15-years history of partly excoriated and inflamed lesions of verruccous-papular character, arranged in a linear naevoid fashion on the extensor side of the right arm and shoulder. The lesions were not related to a dermatoma but seemed to be located in the Blaschko's lines. On histology an epidermal invagination was found, conspicuously arranged over proliferating vellus hair follicles, which were increased in number as in a hamartoma. The rete ridges were directed towards early anagens of the vellus hairs with consecutive crateriform invagination of the epidermis with parakeratosis and basophilic debris on the innermost layer of the invagination. Serial sections allowed demonstration of incomplete and complete perforation with accumulation of neutrophils. Immunohistochemistry revealed marked staining of basal cells of the proliferating epidermal keratinocytes with cytokeratins 14 and 18 within the lesion. No association with diabetes or renal insufficiency and no familial background could be found.

Topics: Adult; Arm; Basement Membrane; Biopsy; Cell Division; Darier Disease; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Keratins; Male; Nevus, Pigmented; Skin; Skin Neoplasms

Porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct nevus (PEODDN) has been said to represent a widely dilated, keratin-plugged acrosyringium and dermal duct. We have observed in a case of congenital PEODDN a normal-appearing, acrosyringium-like duct that traverses vertically the entire length of the parakeratotic column. Also, in its lower course, it stained positively for carcinoembryonic antigen, while the inner borders of the invagination from which the parakeratotic column arose stained negatively. This leads us to suggest that the epithelial structure in PEODDN is an abnormally keratinizing epidermal invagination through which an acrosyringium-like duct traverses, rather than an abnormally dilated, parakeratotically plugged acrosyringium and dermal duct.

Topics: Adult; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Eccrine Glands; Epidermis; Epithelium; Hand; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Keratinocytes; Keratins; Keratosis; Male; Nevus, Pigmented; Skin Neoplasms

We have tested the diagnostic value in malignant melanoma of HMB45, a monoclonal antibody available for use on paraffin-embedded tissue. MATERIAL AND METHOD. Tissues tested. The following pathological tissues were tested: 10 intradermal and 11 compound naevi; 6 spitz naevi; 20 dysplastic naevi; 10 blue naevi; 2 Bednar's tumours; 6 Sutton naevi; 15 melanonychias; 21 cutaneous and 11 ocular malignant melanomas (MM), and 3 achromic metastases. Control tissues were: vitiligo (20), carcinoma (5), malignant schwannoma of the orbit (1), soft tissue sarcoma (5) and malignant lymphoma (5). Antibodies. The antibodies used were antiprotein S100, antivimentin, anticytokeratin (KL1), monoclonal antileucocyte (CD45) antibodies and HMB45, a monoclonal antibody of the IgG 1 type obtained from lymph node metastases from pigmented malignant melanomas. RESULTS. None of the control tissues were stained by the HMB Ab. Intradermal naevi did not react positively. Compound naevi: the juntional cells were stained by HMB45 in 2/10 cases. Dysplastic naevi: HMB45 showed heterogeneous reactivity of junctional cells in 15/20 cases, and this correlated with the degree of atypia. Blue naevi: HMB45 stained the superficial and deep cells in 3/10 cases. Bednar's tumour: no cell was stained by HMB45. Spitz naevi: HMB45 gave an intensely positive reaction of junctional cells in 4/5 cases and a weaker reaction of dermal cells. Sutton naevi: the naevus cells were not stained by HMB45 in 5/6 cases. In simple melanocytic hyperplasia of the nail bed, only a few atypical cells were stained. In superficially spreading melanoma (SSM) all neoplastic cells were stained by HMB45 in proportion to their degree of atypia. Residual naevus cells were negative. The anti S100 and the antivimentin antibodies stained all neoplastic and naevus cells. In nodular melanoma (NM), HMB45 stained all neoplastic cells in proportion to their degree of atypia. The antivimentin Ab stained the neoplastic cells, and so did the anti-S100 Ab which also stained inflammatory cells. In acral-lentiginous melanoma (ALM), HMB stained the dermal tumoral cells moderately and the junctional cells more strongly. In ocular melanoma, HMB45 strongly stained the fusiform cells and less strongly the epithelioid cells. In achromic metastases from cutaneous malignant melanomas, HMB45 strongly stained the neoplastic cells but did not stain the peritumoral cells. DISCUSSION. The purpose of this study was to compare the value of HMB45 with that o

Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Eye Neoplasms; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Keratins; Leukocytes; Melanoma; Nevus, Pigmented; S100 Proteins; Skin Neoplasms; Vimentin

Dermal nevocytic nevi (NN) were histochemically studied with the help of FITC-conjugated lectins as well as antisera against keratin and plasminogen activators of the urokinase type. 3 out of 18 NN showed interpenetrating nevus cells in atrophic parts of the epidermis. These cells revealed strong lectin reactivity both with Con A (cytoplasmatic binding) and WGA/RCA II (membraneous binding). In addition we found membraneous reaction with anti-urokinase, whereas there was no anti-keratin staining. Our findings suggest active transepidermal elimination of nevus cells in dermal nevocytic nevi.

Topics: Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Keratinocytes; Keratins; Nevus, Pigmented; Receptors, Mitogen; Skin; Skin Neoplasms

One hundred cutaneous tumors were investigated immunohistopathologically for the expression of intermediate filament (IF) proteins. Epithelial tumors, such as basocellular and squamous cell carcinomas, cutaneous adnexal tumors, and metastatic carcinomas showed keratin positivity in a varying number of tumor cells with two keratin antibodies with different specificities. Neoplastic cells of fibrohistiocytic tumors, pigmented nevi, melanomas, hemangiomas, glomus tumors, and lymphomas were positive for vimentin, but not for keratin or desmin. Cutaneous leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas, on the other hand, were positive for desmin. The results show that the typing of IFs enables the differential diagnosis between carcinomas and sarcomas or melanomas, epidermal appendage tumors, and mesenchymal tumors, and between fibrohistiocytic and leiomyocytic tumors, and therefore are of diagnostic value in histopathologic problems of the skin.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adenoma, Sweat Gland; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Desmin; Diagnosis, Differential; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Hemangioma; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Intermediate Filament Proteins; Keratins; Leiomyoma; Melanoma; Neoplasm Metastasis; Nevus, Pigmented; Skin Neoplasms; Vimentin

The cytoskeletal intermediate filaments of pigmented nevi and malignant melanomas (nine cases of each) were evaluated using monospecific antibodies against intermediate filament proteins and immunofluorescence microscopy. Both pigmented nevi and cutaneous malignant melanomas showed only vimentin-type intermediate filaments, but not keratin, neurofilaments, desmin or glial fibrillary acidic protein. Thus, nevi and melanomas do not show neural characteristics in the cytoskeletal intermediate filament pattern although they appear to show other neural markers. Vimentin - content in melanomas versus keratin - content in carcinomas may be used as a differential diagnostic feature.

Topics: Desmin; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Intermediate Filament Proteins; Keratins; Melanoma; Neurofilament Proteins; Nevus, Pigmented; Skin Neoplasms; Vimentin

When scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was applied to the study of intradermal nevi, interesting tridimensional features were recognized. The free surface of the lesions showed ruffled keratinized cells. "Normal" hairs as well as "corkscrew" hairs emerged from the follicular openings. Nevus cells were either round or elongated and surrounded by connective tissue fibers.

Topics: Adult; Hair; Humans; Keratins; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Nevus, Pigmented; Skin; Skin Neoplasms

Topics: Adolescent; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Humans; Ichthyosis; Infant, Newborn; Keratins; Melanoma; Nevus; Nevus, Pigmented; Skin Neoplasms; Warts

We saw three patients with inflammatory linear verrucose epidermal nevus (ILVEN). The purpose of this study is to better delineate the histopathologic features of this type of nevus. In fact, in all three cases very particular, specific histologic lesions have been noted that permit us to better distinguish this recently outlined entity. The histologic features were depressed, cup-like areas of hyper-granulosis with overlying orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, alternating (with sharp dermacation) with raised, level areas of agranulosis with overlying parakeratotic hyperkeratosis.

Topics: Adult; Child; Female; Humans; Infant; Keratins; Keratosis; Male; Nevus, Pigmented; Parakeratosis; Skin Neoplasms

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Keratins; Leukoplakia; Mouth Mucosa; Mouth Neoplasms; Nevus; Nevus, Pigmented; Pathology; Skin Neoplasms