bromochloroacetic-acid and Nasopharyngeal-Carcinoma

Breast metastases from extra-mammary neoplasms are rare, accounting for less than 2% of breast cancer cases. A 43-year-old female patient presented with a mass in her left breast and swelling in her left axillary region. A histopathological examination of the mass showed enlarged polygonal tumor cells with scant to moderate, eosinophilic to amphophilic cytoplasm and enlarged, hyperchromatic and pleomorphic nuclei with irregular nuclear membranes. An immunohistochemistry (IHC) examination was positive for pan cytokeratin and negative for CK7, CK20, S-100, LCA, HMB45, CD 20, desmin, myogenin, GCFDP-15, transcription factor-1, villin, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. As she was a known case of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and based on the histopathology ndings and IHC profile, the patient was diagnosed with breast metastasis from NPC. The patient was deceased 3 months after refusing the recommended medical intervention.

Topics: Adult; Biomarkers, Tumor; Breast Neoplasms; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Rare Diseases; Saudi Arabia

The functional role of IKKα in vivo is pretty complicated, largely due to its diverse functions through cell autonomous and non-autonomous manners. In addition, most of the studies on IKKα were derived from animal models, whether these findings hold true in human tumors remain unclear. Here we examined the expression of IKKα in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which includes non-keratinizing carcinoma and keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma, and lung squamous cell carcinoma with keratinization and non-keratinization. We demonstrated that IKKα expression was almost negative in keratinizing cancer and higher expression of IKKα was found in non-keratinizing cancer, and that IKKα expression correlated with cellular differentiation of tumors in non-keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma. These findings demonstrate that IKKα is diversely expressed in keratinizing and non-keratinizing carcinomas in the same type of cancer.

Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Differentiation; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; I-kappa B Kinase; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Keratins; Lung Neoplasms; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Phenotype; Prognosis; Time Factors

Undifferentiation is a key feature of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), which presents as a unique opportunity for intervention by differentiation therapy. In this study, we found that SOX1 inhibited proliferation, promoted differentiation, and induced senescence of NPC cells, which depended on its transcriptional function. RNA-Seq-profiling analysis showed that multiple undifferentiated markers of keratin family, including KRT5, KRT13, and KRT19, were reduced in SOX1 overexpressed NPC cells. Interestingly, gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed genes in SOX1 overexpressed cells were enriched in extracellular functions. The data of LC/MS untargeted metabolomics showed that the content of retinoids in SOX1 overexpressed cells and culture medium was both higher than that in the control group. Subsequently, we screened mRNA level of genes in retinoic acid (RA) signaling or metabolic pathway and found that the expression of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases was significantly decreased. Furtherly, UGT2B7 could rescue the differentiation induced by SOX1 overexpression. Inhibition of UGTs by demethylzeylasteral (T-96) could mimic SOX1 to promote the differentiation of NPC cells. Thus, we described a mechanism by which SOX1 regulated the differentiation of NPC cells by activating retinoid metabolic pathway, providing a potential target for differentiation therapy of NPC.

Topics: Cell Differentiation; Cell Line, Tumor; Glucuronosyltransferase; HEK293 Cells; HMGB Proteins; Humans; Keratins; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; Retinoids; SOXB1 Transcription Factors; Transcription, Genetic

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an aggressive disease and tends to involve surrounding tissues, and biomarkers for better management are yet to be identified.. One hundred and fifty tissue samples with NPC diagnosis were were investigated using pan cytokeratin (CK) and epithelial membrane protein 2 (EMP2) antibodies.. Immunohistochemical expression of CK was identified in 144/150 (96%) and of EMP2 in 120/150 (80%).. There is a high loss of EMP2 in NPC, especially high grade examples. Loss of CK expression is also linked to high grade NPC types.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Keratins; Male; Membrane Glycoproteins; Middle Aged; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Neoplasm Grading; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is the predominant tumor type arising in the nasopharynx with cervical lymph nodes present in 60-90% of all cases at the time of presentation. The most frequent pathological varieties include squamous cell carcinoma well-differentiated keratinizing, moderately differentiated non-keratinizing and an undifferentiated type. We present a case of non-keratinizing undifferentiated carcinoma of the nasopharynx with parapharyngeal and middle cranial fossa space involvement in an 18-year-old male who has been admitted in our hospital for recurrent right ear otitis media. Symptoms consisted in mild conductive hearing loss, trigeminal V2 nerve anesthesia, right ear tinnitus, mild dysphagia, mild dysphonia, right hypoglossal nerve paralysis and right Claude Bernard-Horner's syndrome. Clinical examination revealed no lymph node masses, chest X-ray corresponding to a normal thoracic image. Cranial contrast enhanced CT scan showed a non-homogenous mass of 5.4/4.5/5.5 cm from the level of the right rhinopharyngeal wall, extending in the right parapharyngeal space, invading the right middle cranial fossa. Cranial MRI with contrast enhancement revealed a rhino- and parapharyngeal mass of 5.5/4.6/5.3 cm with intracerebral extension in the right cavernous sinus, right internal carotid artery being engulfed by the tumor mass with partial compression. Several lymph node masses of 1.7/1.2 cm were also revealed. We performed rhinopharyngeal biopsy, right tympanotomy and grommet tube insertion. The tissue specimens were processed with routine histological technique. Subsequent immunohistochemical reactions for pan-cytokeratin AE1/AE3 and leukocytes common antigen were performed. The histological examination of routine stained slides showed that malignant tumor cells had a syncytial pattern of growth in a background of small lymphocytes. The positivity of tumor cells for pan-cytokeratin established the final diagnosis of non-keratinizing undifferentiated carcinoma. The age of onset, the clinical signs and symptoms and minimum involvement of lymph nodes represents the particular aspects of the case.

Topics: Adolescent; Carcinoma; Giant Cells; Humans; Keratins; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms