bromochloroacetic-acid and Mesenchymoma

Malignant mesenchymomas are uncommon tumors of soft tissues. Three such tumors involving the pleura have been reported in the literature. We report a case of malignant mesenchymoma of the pleura that had liposarcomatous, rhabdomyosarcomatous, chondrosarcomatous, and osteosarcomatous elements.

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Aged; Carcinoma, Large Cell; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Keratins; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Mesenchymoma; Necrosis; Pleural Neoplasms

Topics: Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Carcinoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Immunologic Techniques; Keratins; Melanoma; Mesenchymoma; Paget Disease, Extramammary; Protein Precursors; S100 Proteins; Vulvar Neoplasms

Topics: Actins; Desmin; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Male; Mesenchymoma; Middle Aged; Nasal Cavity; Nose Neoplasms

Topics: Aged; Antigens, CD34; Biomarkers; Diagnosis, Differential; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Male; Mesenchymoma; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit

Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver is a primitive mesenchymal neoplasm with predilection for individuals in the first 2 decades of life. In this study (10 boys, 6 girls), children in the age range of 6-10 years were most commonly affected (63%). Clinical features most frequently noted on presentation were abdominal pain or a palpable mass. In two cases there was cardiac involvement caused by invasion of the inferior vena cava with extension into the right atrium and ventricle; both children died of progressive dyspnea from tumor embolization to the lungs. One patient was a member of a kindred with the cancer family syndrome (Li-Fraumeni syndrome). There were 13 tumor-related deaths (86% mortality); on child was alive with recurrent tumor in the upper abdomen. Complete surgical resection was attempted in 10 of 15 children who underwent exploratory laparotomy; 2 were alive and well 1 and 5 years later, whereas 1 patient had a recurrence in the upper abdomen 3 years after diagnosis. Ultrastructural study (five cases) and immunohistochemistry (11 cases) supported a mesenchymal origin for the tumor, but failed to identify any diagnostic immunophenotype or specific line of differentiation. Coexpression of vimentin and cytokeratin was seen in three cases. Prompt detection of this aggressive tumor with complete surgical resection is the key to a successful outcome, but this is very difficult to achieve. Recent experience suggests that aggressive adjuvant chemotherapy may improve survival in some cases.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Child; Child, Preschool; Factor VIII; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Mesenchymoma; Microscopy, Electron

Sixty-three pure mesenchymal tumors of the uterus were studied to explore the value of immunostaining in the diagnosis of unusual mesenchymal tumors encountered in the uterus, some not reported previously. Each tumor was evaluated using a panel of immunostains including actin, desmin, vimentin, S-100 protein, and cytokeratin. The final classification, which incorporated the immunohistochemical findings, resulted in the identification of 33 relatively common pure mesenchymal tumors (13 benign and malignant endometrial stromal tumors and 20 benign and malignant smooth muscle tumors) and 30 uncommon tumors (five leiomyosarcomas with osteoclastic giant cells, two xanthomatous leiomyosarcomas, one melanotic schwannoma, one pure rhabdomyosarcoma, one neurofibroma, five plexiform tumorlets, and 15 combined smooth muscle-stromal tumors). The normal endometrial stroma, present in 14 cases, invariably showed a negative reaction for all antibodies. With rare exceptions, the pure endometrial stromal tumors displayed a negative immunoreaction for all antibodies utilized, while the pure smooth muscle tumors consistently showed a positive reaction for actin. Only the two tumors of neural origin (a neurofibroma and a melanotic schwannoma) reacted with S-100 protein. Immunostaining influenced most the final classification of neoplasms initially interpreted as uterine tumors with a sex-cord stromal pattern, endometrial stromal tumors that diverged from the classic lesions by having a spindle cell component, and intravascular leiomyomas with areas of compact proliferation of small round cells with prominent vascularity. All tumors in these three groups were reclassified as combined smooth muscle-stromal tumors following immunohistochemical studies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Actins; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child, Preschool; Desmin; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Leiomyosarcoma; Mesenchymoma; Middle Aged; Neurilemmoma; Neurofibroma; Rhabdomyosarcoma; S100 Proteins; Uterine Neoplasms; Vimentin

Pathologic features of eight cases of undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver (USL) in childhood were studied. Light microscopic examination showed a diffuse growth of spindle cells with occasional polygonal cells and multinucleated giant cells and also revealed focal areas of storiform pattern in four tumors, cambium layer formation in one tumor, and alveolar arrangement in one tumor. Immunohistochemical study showed positive staining of proliferating cells for suggestive histiocytic markers (A1AT in 6/6, A1ACT in 5/6, lysozyme in 4/6, and KP1 in 4/6) and for muscle markers (desmin in 4/6 and HHF35 in 3/6). Ultrastructural examination demonstrated that the individual tumors were composed of a mixture of cells having fibroblastic, histiocytoid, fibrohistiocytoid, myofibroblastic, and undifferentiated (primitive mesenchymal) morphologies. Also identified were cells with definite myoblastic morphology in three tumors: leiomyoblastic in one and rhabdomyoblastic in two. In conclusion, the tumor cells in USL show phenotypical diversity comparable to those of malignant fibrous histiocytoma with or without additional rhabdomyosarcomatous or leiomyosarcomatous differentiation.

Topics: Actins; alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; alpha-Fetoproteins; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Desmin; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Membrane Glycoproteins; Mesenchymoma; Microscopy, Electron; Mucin-1; Muramidase; S100 Proteins; Vimentin

Eccrine spiradenoma (ES) rarely (less than 1%) occurs in infancy. These tumors differ from the conventional ES by the presence of superficial dermal nodules which display a less distinct two-cell pattern of immature adnexal epithelial cells and rarely ductule formation. These tumors may be mistaken for mesenchymal neoplasms involving the skin and subcutis of infants and young adults. Recognition of the histopathologic features and immunostains are required to make a definite diagnosis. We describe 2 cases of ES occurring in patients younger than one year. Detailed histopathologic and histochemical differential features of these tumors and mesenchymal neoplasms of the skin and subcutis commonly occurring in infants and young adults are discussed. The biologic behavior of infantile ES is benign, but complete excision is recommended to prevent recurrence. We speculate that these tumors may represent congenital hamartomatous growths.

Topics: Adenoma, Sweat Gland; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Ferritins; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Infant; Keratins; Mesenchymoma; S100 Proteins; Skin Neoplasms

We studied 23 cases of capillary hemangioblastoma (CHB) of the cerebellum with 17 immunohistochemical cell markers in an attempt to define the nature of the so-called "stromal" cells. These cases were compared to four cases of intracranial metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which may mimic CHB histologically. The 17 markers studied included vimentin (VIM), Factor VIII-related antigen (FVIIIR:Ag), blood group antigens A, B, and H, Ulex I lectin (Ulex), Alkaline Phosphatase (Alk P), neurofilament protein (NF), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S-100 protein (S-100), nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR), muscle-specific actin (MSA), desmin (Des), monoclonal keratin (MKER, including Cam 5.2 and AE1/3), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and chromogranin (Chrom). No significant stromal cell staining was seen by markers for endothelial, epithelial, chromaffin, or smooth muscle origin. In some cases individual cells demonstrated positivity for GFAP (4/22) and S-100 protein (13/23); these cells were generally stellate and located near the periphery, and we conclude that these were the result of entrapment of surrounding cerebellum. No case demonstrated NF in stromal cells. However, nearly all cases of CHB showed stromal cell staining with VIM (19/22). In contrast, all of the cases of RCC showed significant staining for at least one marker of epithelial origin (3/4 for MKER and 4/4 for EMA). We conclude that the stromal cell of CHB is neither endothelial, neural, epithelial, pericytic, nor neuroendocrine in origin, and is instead of undifferentiated mesenchymal origin. The designation of this tumor as an "hemangioblastoma," although a misnomer, is firmly established in the literature and should probably be retained.

Topics: Actins; Alkaline Phosphatase; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cerebellar Neoplasms; Chromogranins; Desmin; Diagnosis, Differential; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Hemangiosarcoma; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Intermediate Filament Proteins; Isoantigens; Keratins; Lectins; Membrane Glycoproteins; Mesenchymoma; Mucin-1; Neoplasm Metastasis; Plant Lectins; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor; S100 Proteins; Vimentin; von Hippel-Lindau Disease; von Willebrand Factor

Topics: Antigens, Neoplasm; Desmin; Humans; Keratins; Mesenchymoma; Rhabdomyosarcoma; Vimentin