bromochloroacetic-acid and Lentigo

Abnormalities of skin pigmentation are known to be associated sometimes with cardiovascular diseases. Such cases have been reported first in 1954 (14), then in 1962 (16) and 1966 (11), leading to the individualization of the leopard syndrome. In 1973 Rees et al. (21) described a lentiginosis, cardiac myxoma association, and this in turn resulted, in 1985, in a new syndrome (4) supported by several similar findings. We report here a new case with this association.

Topics: Adult; Cardiomyopathies; Epidermis; Heart Atria; Humans; Keratins; Lentigo; Male; Melanocytes; Myxoma; Syndrome

Atypical pigmented facial lesions (aPFLs)-including lentigo maligna (LM) and lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM), solar lentigo (SL), pigmented actinic keratosis (PAK), atypical nevi (AN), seborrheic keratosis (SK) and lichen planus-like keratosis (LPLK)-can exhibit clinical and dermoscopic overlapping features. We aimed to investigate if and how 14 dermoscopic features suggestive for the aforementioned aPFLs vary according to six facial sites among 1197 aPFLs cases (excised to rule out malignancy) along with lesion and patients' metadata. According to distribution and association analysis, aPFLs on the forehead of a male patient aged > 69 years displaying the obliterated follicular openings pattern, appear to be more at risk of malignancy. Of converse, aPFLs of the orbital/cheek/nose area with evident and regular follicular openings with diameter < 10 mm in a female aged below 68 are probably benign. The obliterated follicular openings, keratin plugs, evident and regular follicular openings and target-like pattern features differed significantly among six facial areas in all aPFLs cases. Lesion of the nose may show both features suggestive of malignancy and benignity (e.g. many SL and PAK may display target-like pattern and some LM/LMM cases display keratin plugs and evident and follicular openings), making these features less specific.

Topics: Dermoscopy; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Hutchinson's Melanotic Freckle; Keratins; Keratosis, Actinic; Lentigo; Male; Pigmentation Disorders; Skin Neoplasms

Solar lentigines (SL) are hyperpigmented lesions generally seen in elderly people. Their pathogenesis has not been completely elucidated. We examined 75 cases of SL using routine histopathology and immunohistochemistry. In addition, seven cases were evaluated by electron microscopy. Histopathologically, we observed vacuolar changes in the dermoepidermal junction in 85% of the cases. Dermal melanophages were seen in 77% of the cases. The immunohistochemical expression rates in the epidermis for cytokeratin (CK)15, CK14, CK10, p63 and nestin were 76%, 100%, 100%, 100% and 17%, respectively. In 58 cases showing dermal melanophages, expression rates of CD163 and factor XIIIa on melanophages were 79% and 83%, respectively. Double positivity for both proteins was identified in 44 cases (75%). Ultrastructurally, vacuolar structures were seen in the cytoplasm of basal cells and upper dermis in all cases examined. We observed elimination processes of damaged basal keratinocytes, which were probably produced by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, into the papillary dermis. The segregated damaged cell bodies containing melanin granules seemed to be phagocytosed by poorly immunostimulatory macrophages labeled immunohistochemically by CD163 and factor X IIIa, contributing to prolonged pigmentation of SL. In addition, repeated basal keratinocyte damages may be in association with altered CK and p63 expression patterns in the constituent cells of SL.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Lentigo; Male; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Middle Aged; Skin

Affymetrix gene-expression analysis was performed on mRNAs from involved and noninvolved skin biopsies from three volunteers with Lentigo senilis. Of the 42,000 transcripts scanned, 17 were downregulated (<1.4 times below the control level) and 23 were upregulated (>1.9 times above the control level). A serine peptidase gene was downregulated in keeping with the suggestion that age spots are associated with impaired melanin degradation. Three genes involved in the keratinization and synthesis and the organization of fibers in the basement membrane were downregulated, two metalloproteinase genes were upregulated, as were six genes associated with the inflammatory response, in keeping with the postulate that the visible aspects of aged skin are causally linked with a microinflammatory response. The regulation of five genes associated with the Wnt family was altered. Antiapoptotic genes were downregulated, and six genes associated with transmembrane transport were upregulated.

Topics: Aging; Basement Membrane; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Inflammation; Keratins; Lentigo; Male; Models, Biological; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Skin

Topics: Cell Nucleus; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Epidermis; Humans; Hyperplasia; Keratins; Lentigo; Melanocytes; Melanosis; Photochemotherapy; Psoriasis; PUVA Therapy; Skin Neoplasms