bromochloroacetic-acid and Keratitis

Topics: Cations; Connexin 26; Connexins; Deafness; Genes, Recessive; Humans; Ichthyosis; Ion Transport; Keratinocytes; Keratins; Keratitis; Keratoderma, Palmoplantar; Keratoderma, Palmoplantar, Diffuse; Mosaicism; Nevus; Porokeratosis; Skin Diseases, Genetic; Sweat Gland Neoplasms; TRPV Cation Channels

Orally administered retinoids are synthetic derivatives of vitamin A. This new group of drugs (not yet available for general use in the United States) has been effective in experimental trials for treatment of a wide range of skin diseases. The current status of two of these drugs, isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) and etretinate (Ro 10-9359), is herein reviewed.

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Administration, Oral; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Facial Dermatoses; Female; Humans; Isomerism; Isotretinoin; Keratins; Keratitis; Neoplasms; Psoriasis; Skin Diseases; Tretinoin; Xerostomia

To date, no studies have elucidated the composition of the corneal filament in detail. In this study, an immunohistochemical technique was used to clarify the exact composition of the corneal filament in filamentary keratitis. In addition, the mechanisms responsible for filament formation were identified.. Filaments were obtained from 13 patients with filamentary keratitis with a background of penetrating keratoplasty, aqueous tear deficiency, and severe ocular surface disorders, who were receiving treatment at an outpatient facility. From those tissues, transverse and longitudinal frozen sections were prepared and subjected to an indirect fluorescent immunohistochemical analysis with primary antibodies, including cytokeratins (CK1, -4, -6, -10, -12, and -13), mucins (MUC1, -4, -5AC, and -16), keratinization-related proteins (transglutaminase [TGase]-1 and filaggrin), cell proliferation marker Ki67, and markers of infiltration cells (HLA-DR and neutrophil-elastase). TUNEL staining was used for the detection of apoptosis. Fluorescent images of the sections were inspected with a fluorescence microscope.. The filaments were composed of CK12-positive cells and had a roll-formed central core. They were covered with MUC5AC- and -16-positive mucins including CK4- and -13-positive cells and neutrophil-elastase-positive cells. The filaments also included broken cells and DNA fiber-form postlesional nuclei that were positive for TUNEL staining. However, those areas stained weakly for CK6 and HLA-DR; faintly for CK1, CK10, MUC1, and MUC4; and not at all for Ki67, TGase-1, and filaggrin.. The results of this research have the potential to open new pathways toward understanding the mechanism that generates the filament in filamentary keratitis, as well as new treatments in the future.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Cytoskeletal Proteins; Cytoskeleton; Epithelium, Corneal; Female; Filaggrin Proteins; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; Humans; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; Intermediate Filament Proteins; Keratins; Keratitis; Keratoplasty, Penetrating; Ki-67 Antigen; Male; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Middle Aged; Mucins; Transglutaminases

Limbal transplantation (LT) is reportedly better than conjunctival transplantation in restoring rabbit corneal surfaces when performed 1-2 months (early stage) after severe damage. The outcome remains unclear if surgery is done at a later stage, and it is also unclear whether lamellar keratectomy should routinely be performed. Using the same rabbit model, LT was done at 3-4 months (intermediate limbal transplantation[ILT], n = 7) or 9-11 months (delayed limbal transplantation[DLT], n = 8) later. Lamellar keratectomy was also conducted with ILT in another group (keratectomy in intermediate limbal transplantation[IKLT], n = 7). External eye photography and fluorescein angiography were used to document corneal surface and stromal changes. The resultant epithelial phenotype was studied with AE-5 (cornea specific) and APSM-1/AM-3 (conjunctiva specific) monoclonal antibodies. As in previous studies of early limbal transplantation (ELT, performed at 1-2 months), ILT also had a high (eight of eight) success rate of restored corneal phenotype. In contrast, DLT yielded varying results: three of eight successes for corneal, three of eight for mixed, and two of eight for conjunctival phenotypes (p < 0.01, chi 2 trend). IKLT yielded four of seven corneal, two of seven mixed, and one of seven conjunctival phenotype successes. These results indicate that intense stromal inflammation associated with disease chronicity or additional stromal damage by lamellar keratectomy can interfere with the capability of limbal grafts to attain normal corneal epithelial proliferation and differentiation. Future studies of how limbal stem cells are regulated by the stromal environment are crucial to enhancing other clinical applications.

Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; Cell Transplantation; Cornea; Corneal Stroma; Corneal Transplantation; Epithelium; Fluorescein Angiography; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Keratins; Keratitis; Limbus Corneae; Phenotype; Rabbits; Stem Cells; Transplantation, Autologous; Wound Healing

The calcified keratin in the horn pearls of a glans carcinoma has been studied by histochemical and ultrastructural methods. The former have shown that the calcified areas contain glycoproteins and acid proteoglycans and have a concentration of sulphydryl groups greater than that of the surrounding, uncalcified keratin. Electron microscopy has shown the presence of intracellular needle- and filament-like crystals closely related to the keratinocyte filaments and similar to those found in other calcified tissues. Besides the close relationship discovered between crystals and keratinocyte filaments, the other main conclusions are that keratin calcification is an intracellular process and that keratin molecules are responsible for the induction and regulation of the process.

Topics: Aged; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Humans; Keratins; Keratitis; Male; Penile Neoplasms

Keratinization of the tarsal conjunctiva in an eye with adequate tears occurs following a number of conditions, including irritation and sensitivity to topical medications, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, radiation to the lid, and occasionally from unknown causes. The keratinized cells produce an epithelial keratitis with subsequent vascularization of the cornea. The morphogenesis of this condition is discussed, along with therapy including mucous membrane grafts and freezing of the tissue.

Topics: Animals; Conjunctiva; Cornea; Epidermis; Eye Diseases; Eyelid Neoplasms; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Keratins; Keratitis; Metaplasia; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome; Vitamin A Deficiency

Topics: Animals; Conjunctiva; Cornea; Densitometry; Harderian Gland; Keratins; Keratitis; Lacrimal Apparatus; Nictitating Membrane; Rabbits

Topics: Candida; Culture Media; Fusarium; Histological Techniques; Humans; Keratins; Keratitis; Leg Ulcer; Plants, Edible; Skin; Temperature; Triticum; Water

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Conjunctiva; Cornea; Dermoid Cyst; Eye Diseases; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Keratins; Keratitis; Male; Middle Aged

Topics: Adult; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Collagen; Conjunctiva; Cornea; Epithelium; Eye Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Keratins; Keratitis; Leukoplakia; Malawi; Male; Retinal Pigments

Topics: Animals; Cornea; Epithelium; Keratins; Keratitis; Keratoconjunctivitis; Lacrimal Apparatus; Microscopy, Electron; Microtubules; Mitochondria; Rats; Vitamin A Deficiency; Xerophthalmia