bromochloroacetic-acid and Keloid

Generation of site-appropriate tissue in the oral cavity includes the restoration of the correct anatomic type, amount, and distribution of the tissue. This study is a post hoc analysis of data collected during previously published results from two randomized clinical trials of a living cellular sheet (LCS; allogenic cultured keratinocytes and fibroblasts in bovine collagen) versus a free gingival graft (FGG), evaluating their ability to augment keratinized tissue or gingiva.. Post hoc histologic and clinical (photographic) comparisons of the outcomes of treatment were performed on histologic and photographic data gathered in the two randomized clinical trials.. Histologic findings showed that LCS-treated sites resembled gingiva rather than alveolar mucosa. Photographic analysis indicated that LCS treatment resulted in more site-appropriate tissue than FGG in terms of tissue color, with adjacent untreated tissue, absence of scar formation or keloid-like appearance, and mucogingival junction alignment.. Treatment of mucogingival defects with LCS resulted in the generation of tissue that is more site appropriate than tissue transplanted from the palate.

Topics: Allografts; Animals; Autografts; Biopsy; Cattle; Cicatrix; Collagen; Color; Epithelial Cells; Esthetics, Dental; Fibroblasts; Follow-Up Studies; Gingiva; Gingival Diseases; Humans; Keloid; Keratinocytes; Keratins; Mouth Mucosa; Photography; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Female; Fibroma; Humans; Keloid; Keratin-5; Keratins; Lymphatic Metastasis; Metaplasia; Middle Aged

To investigate the relationship between keloid proliferation and destruction of skin appendages (SAs).. Pathological biopsies of keloids were derived from 17 patients who underwent scar resection. All samples were divided into 4 groups: infiltrating growth locus of keloids (K-I, n = 9), proliferative keloids (K-P, n = 17), atrophic keloids (K-A, n = 10), and edging normal skin (K-N, n = 6). Normal skin derived from thorax of patients was used as control (NS, n = 6). The density of SAs and the expressive characteristics of pan-cytokeratin (CKp), cytokeratin 19 (CK19), secretory component of glandular epithelium (SC), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and apoptosis related proteins (Bcl-2 and Bax) were observed with immunohistochemical method.. Compared with K-N and NS, the density of SAs expressing CKP and SC in keloids was apparently decreased, and remnant of CKp protein was observed after the disappearance of SAs structures. Protein expression of Bax was increased in epithelial cells of most SAs. SAs containing positive immunostaining signals of Bcl-2, PCNA and CK19 exhibited squamous epithelization and abnormal structure. The structure of SAs underwent 3 morphological stages: infiltrating, proliferating, and maturing. In correspondence to each stage, SAs underwent proliferation, structural destruction, and fibrosis which were caused by cellular migration, inflammatory reaction, and vascular occlusion respectively.. Abnormal proliferation of epithelial cells and their structural destruction of SAs may be associated with tissue fibrosis in keloid lesion.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Apoptosis; Cell Proliferation; Child, Preschool; Epithelial Cells; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keloid; Keratins; Male; Middle Aged; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; Skin; Young Adult

To investigate the abnormalities of human epiderm in keloids and hypertrophic scars.. Biopsies from ten untreated keloids (duration of disease 3 - 30 years) and ten hypertrophic scars (duration of disease 6 - 10 months) and five normal adult skin specimens. Total RNA was isolated from normal adult skin. A cDNA fragment (base 5941 - 6481 bp) of the full-length human Tenascin-C cDNA was synthesized by polymerase chain reaction and subcloned in pGEM-T-easy. Dioxigen-labeled anti-sense and sense probes were synthesized by using a Sp6/T7 in vitro RNA synthesis kit in the present of Dig-UTP. In situ hybridization was performed on 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed and wax-embedded sections of keloids and hypertrophic scars. NBT-NCIP was used in color detection. Immunohistochemical procedure. The sections were incubated with antibodies (anti-Tenascin-C, anti-CK-16 and anti-Ki-67). Ultrasensitive Streptavidin Peroxidase staining was performed following established procedures.. The study show that the proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes in keloids and hypertrophic scars is very clear. The expressions of Tenascin-C mRNA in keloids epidermal keratinocytes markedly increased in contrast with epidermal keratinocytes of hypertrophic scars and adult skin. The CK-16 and Ki-67 stainings significantly enhanced in the epidermal keratinocytes of keloids and hypertrophic scars.. The different expressions of Tenascin-C, CK-16 and Ki-67 among normal adult skin, keloids and hypertrophic scars show the abnormalities of epidermal keratinocytes proliferation and differentiation in keloids and hypertrophic scars.

Topics: Cicatrix, Hypertrophic; Epidermis; Female; Humans; Hyperplasia; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Keloid; Keratins; Ki-67 Antigen; Male; Tenascin

The cytoskeleton in keratinocytes is a complex of highly homologous structural proteins derived from two families of type I and type II polypeptides. Keratin K2e is a type II polypeptide that is expressed in epidermis late in differentiation. Here we report the influence of keratinocyte activation, proliferation, and keratinization on K2e expression in samples of cutaneous and oral lesions. The normal expression of K2e in the upper spinous and granular layers of interfollicular epidermis is increased in keloid scars but showed distinct down-regulation in psoriasis and hypertrophic scars where keratinocytes are known to undergo activation. Unlike normal and psoriatic skin, K2e expression in hypertrophic and keloid scars began in the deepest suprabasal layer. In cutaneous basal and squamous cell carcinomas, K2e was absent in most tumor islands but the overlying epidermis showed strong expression. No significant K2e expression in nonkeratinized or keratinized oral epithelia, including buccal mucosa, lateral border of tongue and gingiva was detected. In oral lichen planus K2e expression was undetectable, but in benign keratoses of lingual mucosa induction of K2e along with K1 and K10 was observed. In mild-to-moderate oral dysplasia with orthokeratinization, K2e was highly expressed compared with parakeratinized areas but in severe dysplasia as well as in oral squamous cell carcinoma, K2e expression was undetectable. Taken together, the data suggest that K2e expression in skin is sensitive to keratinocyte activation but its up-regulation in oral lesions is a reflection of the degree of orthokeratinization.

Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Base Sequence; Breast; Cell Division; DNA Primers; Epidermal Cells; Epidermis; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Genetic Variation; Gingiva; Humans; In Situ Hybridization; Keloid; Keratinocytes; Keratins; Mice; Mouth Mucosa; Peptide Fragments; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Protein Isoforms; Psoriasis; Skin

Keloids and hypertrophic scars are a result of aberrations of the normal wound healing processes of the skin. The expression of keratins, the proteins of an intermediate filament supergene family, closely parallel the division/differentiation of epithelial cells and therefore offer excellent molecular markers to examine wound healing. In this study, the expression of K5/K14, proliferation specific keratin polypeptides in normal skin, keloids and hypertrophic scars was analysed. Results indicated that unlike normal wounds and hypertrophic scars, keloid epidermis displayed increased expression of K5 and K14 at both the translational and transcriptional levels. The molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of keloids appear to be different from those of hypertrophic scars.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biomarkers; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic; Epidermis; Female; Humans; Keloid; Keratins; Male; RNA; Skin; Wound Healing

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm that most commonly involves the pleura, but is increasingly more often observed in extrapleural locations. A 37-year-old woman presented with an SFT involving the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the scalp. Histologically, SFT is well circumscribed and composed of uniform spindle cells arranged in interlacing fascicles. It exhibits alternating hypercellular and hypocellular areas with abundant thick, often keloid-like, hyalinized collagen. Hemangiopericytoma-like areas are frequently prominent. Immunohistochemical markers for smooth muscle, neural, and epithelial differentiation are negative, but generalized positivity for CD-34 is characteristic. Because of the expanding spectrum of anatomic involvement of SFT, it is not surprising that on rare occasions this tumor may involve the skin.

Topics: Actins; Adult; Antigens, CD; Antigens, CD34; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Biomarkers, Tumor; Collagen; Desmin; Female; Hemangiopericytoma; Humans; Hyalin; Immunohistochemistry; Keloid; Keratins; Mesoderm; Mucin-1; Neoplasms, Fibrous Tissue; Pleural Neoplasms; S100 Proteins; Scalp; Skin Neoplasms; Vimentin

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Fluorometry; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Keloid; Keratins; Lysosomes; Naphthalenes; Sebaceous Glands; Skin; Sweat Glands