bromochloroacetic-acid and Jaw--Edentulous--Partially

This randomized clinical trial assessed the effect of three different prosthetic abutments (titanium, gold-hue titanium and zirconia) on peri-implant soft tissue 2 years after treatment in partially edentulous subjects.. Baseline data concerning (1) thickness of the buccal peri-implant soft tissue, (2) soft tissue thickness above the bone crest, (3) depth/length of transmucosal pathway, and (4) periodontal biotype at adjacent teeth were collected. The final sample consisted of 47 subjects (21 males, 26 females) with a total of 97 implants. A two-level (patient, implant) statistical model was applied.. At the 2-year clinical observation, recession of the gingival margin was observed only at 13% of implants irrespective of the type of abutment. No significant correlation between periodontal biotype at adjacent teeth and peri-implant biotype was observed. Furthermore, none of the investigated variables at patient level (age, gender, implant type, periodontal biotype) or at implant level (keratinized tissue thickness, probing depth, soft tissue thickness) was identified as a significant predictor of recession. In conclusion, this study pointed out that (1) abutment type was not able to influence peri-implant variables after 2 years, and (2) caution should be used in considering periodontal biotype at patient level as a possible indicator of the future peri-implant biotype.

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Alveolar Bone Loss; Dental Abutments; Dental Alloys; Dental Implants; Dental Materials; Dental Prosthesis Design; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gingiva; Gingival Recession; Humans; Jaw, Edentulous, Partially; Keratins; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontium; Sex Factors; Titanium; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult; Zirconium

The purpose of this study was to analyze the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells in the alveolar ridge mucosa, the gingiva and the periimplant mucosa in humans.. Twelve partially edentulous subjects were included in the study. In each subject, one soft tissue biopsy was harvested from the edentulous alveolar ridge mucosa, one from a tooth site and one from an implant site. After 3 weeks of undisturbed plaque accumulation, an additional biopsy was obtained from one tooth and one implant site in each subject. The tissue samples were snap frozen and prepared for immunohistochemical analysis.. In the alveolar ridge mucosa, smaller proportions of endothelial cells expressing ICAM-1, ELAM-1 and VCAM-1 were observed than in the gingiva. ELAM-1-positive cells occurred in lower numbers than in periimplant mucosa. After 21 days of plaque accumulation, ELAM-1 was increased in tooth sites, but decreased in periimplant mucosa.. The results of the present study indicated that the proportions of activated endothelial cells and the extravasation of leukocytes is larger in gingiva and periimplant mucosa than in alveolar ridge mucosa. This might be due to the less permeable keratinized epithelial layer in the edentulous ridge mucosa, which offers proper protection against microbial pathogens. The greater expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules during experimental gingivitis, compared to periimplant mucositis, may reflect its longer history of repeated antigenic assaults.

Topics: Aged; Alveolar Process; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Connective Tissue; Dental Implants; Dental Plaque; E-Selectin; Endothelium, Vascular; Epithelial Attachment; Epithelial Cells; Female; Gingiva; Gingivitis; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Jaw, Edentulous, Partially; Keratins; Leukocytes; Male; Matched-Pair Analysis; Middle Aged; Mouth Mucosa; Statistics as Topic; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1

The epithelial lining of the mucosa of the edentulous, maxillary alveolar ridge was subjected to an ultrastructural and stereological analysis. Four biopsies collected from the non-inflamed crest, i.e., the center over former tooth sockets, in non-denture-wearing female patients 30 to 55 years of age were processed for light and electron microscopy. At the light-microscopic level, epithelial thickness was determined histometrically. Electron micrographs were sampled at two levels of magnification, from five strata in regions of epithelial ridges and from three strata over connective tissue papillae. Standardized stereological point-counting techniques were employed to analyze a total of 990 electron micrographs. Observations and data revealed that at the alveolar ridge the oral epithelium is truly keratinizing and comprises four strata including a 40 +/- 5 micron-thick stratum corneum, which displays the oral keratin pattern. The histo- and cytodifferentiation were peculiar: (1) Compared to the neighbouring gingival and hard palate epithelium, that of the alveolar crest was markedly thicker, with elongated rete ridges indicating acanthosis. (2) The cytoarchitecture was identical neither to the gingival nor to the hard palate epithelium but revealed a mixture of features typical for either of these two epithelia. Reasons for this are explained on the basis of factors, possible genetic, inherent in epithelial cells that are possibly derived from both the gingival and the palatal environment.

Topics: Adult; Cell Differentiation; Cytoplasmic Granules; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Epithelium; Female; Golgi Apparatus; Humans; Jaw, Edentulous, Partially; Keratins; Maxilla; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Mitochondria; Mouth Mucosa; Ribosomes