bromochloroacetic-acid and Hematoma

The intermediate filament protein keratin 8 (K8) is critical for the development of most mouse embryos beyond midgestation. We find that 68% of K8-/- embryos, in a sensitive genetic background, are rescued from placental bleeding and subsequent death by cellular complementation with wild-type tetraploid extraembryonic cells. This indicates that the primary defect responsible for K8-/- lethality is trophoblast giant cell layer failure. Furthermore, the genetic absence of maternal but not paternal TNF doubles the number of viable K8-/- embryos. Finally, we show that K8-/- concepti are more sensitive to a TNF-dependent epithelial apoptosis induced by the administration of concanavalin A (ConA) to pregnant mothers. The ConA-induced failure of the trophoblast giant cell barrier results in hematoma formation between the trophoblast giant cell layer and the embryonic yolk sac in a phenocopy of dying K8-deficient concepti in a sensitive genetic background. We conclude the lethality of K8-/- embryos is due to a TNF-sensitive failure of trophoblast giant cell barrier function. The keratin-dependent protection of trophoblast giant cells from a maternal TNF-dependent apoptotic challenge may be a key function of simple epithelial keratins.

Topics: Animals; Antigens, CD; Apoptosis; Concanavalin A; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Female; Gene Deletion; Giant Cells; Hematoma; Keratin-8; Keratins; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Placenta; Pregnancy; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; Trophoblasts; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Sixty consecutive cases of dermis-fat grafts for anophthalmic socket reconstruction were reviewed to examine the frequency, severity, and management of postoperative complications. In seven patients, the conjunctiva failed to resurface the graft and central ulceration developed. Ten cases resulted in enophthalmos. Two patients developed keratinized sockets with chronic discharge and desquamation. Three patients required excision of conjunctival granulomas. One patient developed a primary graft infection. A donor site hematoma occurred in one patient. Secondary surgical intervention was required in ten patients. Nine complications in eight patients were managed in the office; five complications in four patients were observed and subsequently resolved without surgical intervention. Most complications occurred in patients with severely traumatized sockets who had undergone extensive earlier ocular surgery, or who had a systemic disease contributing to defective wound healing.

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Anophthalmos; Child; Conjunctiva; Conjunctival Diseases; Eye Diseases; Granuloma; Hematoma; Humans; Infant; Keratins; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Skin Transplantation; Surgery, Plastic; Surgical Wound Infection; Ulcer