bromochloroacetic-acid and Gynecomastia

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Autoantigens; Biomarkers; Brain Neoplasms; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Cerebellum; DNA-Binding Proteins; Gynecomastia; Humans; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Male; Neoplasm Proteins; Neoplasms, Unknown Primary; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Paraneoplastic Syndromes; Plasma Exchange; Purkinje Cells

Ninety-three male breast specimens have been examined for the presence of pseudoangiomatous hyperplasia of the mammary stroma which has hitherto been described almost exclusively in females. Forty-four cases (47.4%) showed some degree of hyperplasia, varying from small microscopic foci to extensive change involving 90% of the mammary tissue. All but one were found in association with gynaecomastia, early and intermediate stage. The association between pseudoangiomatous hyperplasia and benign proliferative lesions mirrors that reported in the female breast, and our findings suggest that the change may represent a stage in the maturation of newly formed mammary stroma.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Breast; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Fat Necrosis; Gynecomastia; Humans; Hyperplasia; Keratins; Male; Membrane Glycoproteins; Middle Aged; Mucin-1; Mucins; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; Vimentin; von Willebrand Factor

Immunostaining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) identifies a minor subpopulation of immunoreactive myoepithelial cells in the normal resting human breast. The GFAP-immunoreactive cells also express a panel of myoepithelial cell markers, including cytokeratin 14 (CK 14), vimentin, smooth-muscle-specific actin isoforms, nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) and common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia antigen (CALLA). The percentage of GFAP-immunoreactive myoepithelial cells is greatly increased in various neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases of the breast, being highest in adenomyoepitheliomas. Furthermore, in all the instances of fibroadenoma, phyllodes tumour, epitheliosis and gynaecomastia, a variable number of epithelial cells also acquires immunoreactivity for GFAP, vimentin, CK 14, NGFR and, to a lesser extent, for CALLA. Conversely, GFAP immunoreactivity has never been encountered in the malignant cells of the different types of breast carcinoma. These findings suggest that the expression of GFAP might be a (possibly transient) feature of proliferating epithelial and myoepithelial cells in breast diseases other than carcinomas.

Topics: Actins; Adenofibroma; Antibodies; Antigens, Differentiation; Antigens, Neoplasm; Breast; Breast Diseases; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Female; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Gynecomastia; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Male; Neprilysin; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor; Vimentin

A case of Paget's disease and gynecomastia in a 70-year-old man is reported. Paget's disease was connected to an intraductal carcinoma, and the immunohistochemical study revealed similar positivity for cytokeratin A, carcinoembryonic antigen and epithelial membrane antigen in Paget cells and intraductal neoplastic cells whereas Paget cells resulted negative for cytokeratin B and C. The study using monoclonal anti-cytokeratin A (35 beta H11), B (34 beta E12) and C (34 beta B4) could represent a good tool, supporting the theory of a ductal origin of Paget cells. A review of the literature has shown the rarity of Paget's disease in the male breast and revealed only two previous reports with an associated gynecomastia, in 2 patients with Klinefelter's syndrome and infiltrating breast carcinoma.

Topics: Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Gynecomastia; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Keratins; Male; Membrane Glycoproteins; Mucin-1; Paget's Disease, Mammary

Extensive squamous metaplasia is described in a case of gynecomastia. Numerous ducts in all sections of breast tissue revealed multiple foci of squamous metaplasia, many of which included large, papillary excrescences of keratinizing squamous cells into duct lumens, with foci of dyskeratosis. Review of four years of gynecomastia cases from our surgical pathology files revealed a total incidence of squamous metaplasia equaling six of 40 cases of gynecomastia, including the case reported here. The other five cases included only one or two small foci of squamous metaplasia. These findings demonstrate that squamous metaplasia in gynecomastia is not rare, but is usually very limited. However, an unusual case, such as that reported here, may show extensive, florid squamous metaplasia, without associated inflammation or neoplasm.

Topics: Adult; Breast; Epithelium; Gynecomastia; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hyperplasia; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Keratins; Male; Metaplasia; Retrospective Studies