bromochloroacetic-acid and Genital-Diseases--Female

A multicentre evaluation of the determination of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), the cancer antigens CA 15-3, CA 19-9, CA 72-4 and CA 125 (II generation), the cytokeratin 19 marker Cyfra 21-1 and alpha-foetoprotein (AFP) using the Enzymun-Test System (ES 300 and ES 600/700) was performed in 23 laboratories. The tumour markers were measured in a total of 4266 human serum samples. The intra-assay precision was less than 5% in 80% of all serum samples investigated and in 95% of the serum samples at or above the cut-off level of the tumour markers. Inter-assay precision was less than 10% in 86% of the marker determinations. The interlaboratory survey also showed high reproducibility for the determination of all the tumour markers. In 3 laboratories the results of CA 15-3 in 283 serum samples were compared with the IRMA method of CIS bio international. The regression coefficient, r, was 0.967. In 4 laboratories the results of CEA in 312 samples were compared with the results obtained on the IMx analyser. The regression coefficient, r, was 0.967. In benign gynaecological diseases, CA 125 (II) was most frequently elevated in endometriosis. In gastrointestinal diseases it was proven that CEA is still the marker with the highest sensitivity as compared with CA 19-9 and CA 72-2 (59% with healthy controls as the reference group and 44% with patients having benign gastrointestinal disease as the control group). In pancreatic cancer CA 19-9 showed the highest sensitivity (78% and 62% respectively). In gastric cancer the three markers did not show statistically different results. When the gastric cancer patients were divided according to stage, CA 72-4 appeared to be more sensitive than CA 19-9 only in stage IV.

Topics: alpha-Fetoproteins; Antigens, Neoplasm; Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Genital Diseases, Female; Glycoproteins; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Keratins; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Reference Values; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity

Recently CYFRA 21-1, a new tumour marker measuring a fragment of cytokeratin 19, was introduced and proved to be suitable for the follow-up care and monitoring of the therapy of non-small cell lung carcinomas, especially squamous cell carcinomas of the lung. Besides CYFRA 21-1, there are two other tumour markers available, called tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) and tissue polypeptide specific antigen (TPS), which also measure different cytokeratins in serum. In a retrospective study we investigated the clinical significance of these 3 cytokeratin markers in lung cancer compared with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). We investigated the sera of 50 healthy persons, 273 patients with various benign diseases and 218 patients with histologically proven lung cancer. In a first step the specificity versus benign diseases of the lung was established for all the markers, and was fixed at 95%. Then the single and combined sensitivities were calculated. CYFRA 21-1 proved to possess the highest sensitivity in lung cancer in general (61%), in non-small cell lung carcinomas (64%), in squamous cell carcinomas (79%), in adenocarcinomas (54%) and in large cell carcinomas (65%). In small cell lung carcinomas, neuron-specific enolase proved again to be the marker of first choice (55%). Combined determinations proved clearly increased sensitivity only for large cell carcinomas (CYFRA 21-1 + TPA: 77%) and for small cell lung carcinomas (CYFRA 21-1 + NSE: 62%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Antigens, Neoplasm; Biomarkers, Tumor; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Genital Diseases, Female; Humans; Keratins; Lung Diseases; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Peptides; Reference Values; Retrospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tissue Polypeptide Antigen

A series of 23 punch biopsies proved to contain human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 and with established clinical course (including HPV-NCIN, HPV-CIN I, and HPV-CIN II lesion), and 18 additional biopsies of HPV 6-, 11-, 16- or 18-induced genital lesions were analyzed immunohistochemically for expression of cytokeratin No. 19 polypeptide. An immunoperoxidase-ABC technique was used with a polyclonal antibody raised against a synthetic nonapeptide corresponding to the residues 2-10 of the NH2-end, non-alpha-helical region. This polyclonal cytokeratin No. 19 antibody stained mainly (but not exclusively) the basal cells of the normal exocervical epithelium (heterogeneous pattern). Basal cell staining was intense slightly more frequently in HPV-CIN than HPV-NCIN lesions, i.e., ++ or more in 14/24 (58.3%) versus 8/17 (47.0%), respectively. The difference was more marked in the staining of the superficial cells, 70.8 and 58.8% showing intense expression of cytokeratin No. 19, respectively. In 6 (21.4%) of the 28 HPV 16 lesions, basal cell layer was intensely stained, as contrasted to none of the 13 HPV 6, 11 or 18 lesions. The most distinct feature was the well-defined granular staining pattern of the superficial layer in 8 out of 10 HPV 6/11 lesions, as contrasted to the homogeneous pattern in 24 out of 28 HPV-16-infected lesions. In superficial cells, regressed lesions exhibited intense staining in 9/13 (69.2%), as compared with only 4/10 (40%) of the progressed lesions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Cervix Uteri; Epithelium; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Papillomaviridae; Peptides; Staining and Labeling; Tumor Virus Infections; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

A simple, reliable culture system for keratinocytes from anogenital warts is described. Using this technique we found that it was possible to produce multiple confluent keratinocyte cultures from two-thirds of the surgically-excised anogenital wart specimens received in our laboratory. Some morphological and cultural differences between these cells and normal keratinocytes derived from neonatal foreskins were observed, although there was no evidence that wart-derived keratinocytes were 'transformed'. The cultures were tested for evidence of HPV-DNA replication using 32P-labelled HPV-DNA probes, for the production of viral capsid proteins using peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining and for whole virus particles using electron microscopy. Fifty-seven per cent (8 of 14) of the wart cultures tested showed persistence of HPV-DNA (5-100 copies HPV-DNA/cell genome equivalent). However, no viral proteins or particles were detected in any culture. This system may prove to be a useful in vitro model for the study of virus-cell interaction and the role of HPV in the malignant conversion of epithelial cells.

Topics: Anus Diseases; Culture Techniques; DNA, Viral; Epidermis; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Genital Diseases, Male; Humans; Keratins; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Papillomaviridae; Warts