bromochloroacetic-acid and Foot-Dermatoses

Topics: Aged; Foot Dermatoses; Humans; Keratins; Male

Topics: Adolescent; Base Sequence; DNA Mutational Analysis; Follow-Up Studies; Foot Dermatoses; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Japan; Keratins; Keratoderma, Palmoplantar, Diffuse; Keratosis; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Risk Assessment; Severity of Illness Index

We report the historical, clinical and histopathological characteristics of skin lesions in biopsies from 37 heavy draught horses with chronic pastern dermatitis. The skin lesions were divided into four macroscopic groups: scaling (group I, n=5), hyperkeratotic and hyperplastic plaque-like lesions (group II, n=14), nodular skin masses (group III, n=16) and verrucous skin lesions (group IV, n=2). The principal histological findings were hyperkeratosis and epidermal hyperplasia. There was a gradual increase in epidermal hyperplasia from groups I to IV, suggesting that the lesions represent different stages of disease. In all cases, there was perivascular dermatitis dominated by T lymphocytes with an increase in MHC class II-positive dendritic-like cells. Immunohistochemical labelling for cytokeratins CK5/6(4), CK10 and CK14 indicated a change in their expression pattern. This correlated with the degree of epidermal hyperplasia, indicating abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes. There was a statistically significant correlation between the severity of skin lesions and several other factors including increasing age, increasing cannon circumference, prominence of anatomical structures such as fetlock tufts of hairs, ergots and chestnuts, and bulges in the fetlock region.

Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Biopsy; Breeding; Cell Division; Epidermis; Epithelial Cells; Female; Foot Dermatoses; Horse Diseases; Horses; Hyperplasia; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Ki-67 Antigen; Male; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Factors; Skin

Cytokeratin expression was assessed in footpad epidermis from dogs using immunohistochemistry. Four groups of dogs were studied: dogs with experimentally induced distemper and with canine distemper virus (CDV) in footpad epidermis (group 1, n = 7); dogs with experimentally induced distemper and without CDV in footpad epidermis (group 2, n = 4); inoculated dogs without distemper and without CDV in the footpad epidermis (group 3, n = 8), and noninoculated dogs without distemper (group 4, n = 2). No increase in thickness of the footpad epidermis was present in any of these groups. Sections of metacarpal or metatarsal pads were stained for cytokeratin (CK)14 (proliferation-associated), CK10 (correlated with early differentiation), and for involucrin (associated with terminal differentiation). CK14 was present in basal keratinocytes of all groups, but staining intensity decreased towards the corneal layer in groups 2-4, but not in group 1. CK10 was present in the spinous and granular layer of all groups, but staining of the granular layer was much stronger in group 1. Involucrin was present in the granular layer of footpads of group 1 and only in the upper part of this layer in groups 2-4. The results demonstrate increased staining intensity and/or wider distribution within the footpad epidermis in group 1 dogs when compared to the other groups. This was interpreted as up-regulation in expression of these proteins. These findings suggest that presence of CDV antigen and mRNA in footpad epidermis was associated with an increase in expression of CK14, CK10 and involucrin. The potential role of this up-regulation in cytokeratin expression in the development of CDV-induced digital hyperkeratosis remains speculative at the moment and requires further studies.

Topics: Animals; Distemper; Distemper Virus, Canine; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Foot Dermatoses; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Male; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; Up-Regulation

To determine characteristics of the extracellular enzyme activity of Kytococcus sedentarius on human callus.. A concentrate of a continuous culture supernatant fluid of K. sedentarius, which had callus-degrading activity, was subjected to a series of chromatographic purification procedures. The enzyme activity was found to be attributable to two proteases. These were capable of degrading both native callus and extracted keratin polypeptides and were purified to homogeneity, as shown by SDS-PAGE with silver staining. The enzymes P1 and P2 were 30 kDa and 50 kDa in size with isoelectric points of 4.6 and 2.7, respectively. The optimum conditions for callus-degrading activity were 40 degrees C, pH 7.1 for P1 and 50 degrees C, pH 7.5 for P2. P2 displayed increased activity in the presence of 800 mmol l(-1) NaCl and both enzymes were inhibited by PMSF (1 mmol(-1) Phenylmethylsulphoryl fluoride) and 1 mmol l(-1) EDTA. The main enzyme cleavage sites were Lys-Trp, Val-Lys, Gly-Asp and Asp-Arg, as determined after incubation of P1 and P2 with the beta-chain of insulin.. K. sedentarius produces two extracellular enzymes that independently degrade natural, insoluble human callus. Both enzymes are serine proteases and have cleavage preference sites that are present in a range of human keratins.. The identification, in K. sedentarius cultures, of two enzymes which can degrade human callus strengthens the hypothesis that this organism is responsible for the pitting in human epidermis observed in pitted keratolysis. These enzymes may be of commercial use in the biodegradation of a range of keratin polymers, biological washing powders and in the treatment of unwanted callus on human skin.

Topics: Actinomycetales; Endopeptidases; Extracellular Space; Foot Dermatoses; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Insulin; Keratins; Peptides; Temperature

Topics: Antibodies; Eccrine Glands; Epidermal Cyst; Foot Dermatoses; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Tumor Virus Infections

Sixteen cases of epidermal cyst (EC) (6 cases of conventional EC and 10 cases of plantar epidermoid cyst (PEC)) and 9 cases of trichilemmal cyst (TC) were examined by an immunohistochemical technique using various antibodies against cytokeratins and human papilloma virus (HPV) in order to clarify their histogenesis. There was no difference in immunoreactivities between EC and PEC with or without HPV infection. In TC, the inner layers of the cyst wall were stained with the antibody E3 (CK17), and the outermost layer was stained with the antibodies 4.1.18 (CK8) and 170.2.14 (CK19). In PEC and EC, however, the cyst wall didn't react with these antibodies, and differentiation-specific cytokeratins were expressed in the inner layer. These results confirmed that the immunoreactivities of PEC and EC were identical to those of normal epidermis or infundibulum, and that those of TC were similar to the outer root sheath between the lower infundibulum and isthmus. Although PEC has been recently reported to originate from eccrine ducts, there was a significant difference in immunoreactivities between PEC and eccrine ducts. Furthermore, on the basis of the fact that sole skin has no hair follicles, PEC was speculated to originate from epidermal implantation.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Epidermal Cyst; Female; Foot Dermatoses; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Male; Middle Aged; Papillomaviridae; Skin Diseases

Clinical reports of hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma are generally based on a limited number of patients. In 1967 the prevalence in the northernmost county of Sweden (Norrbotten) was shown to be 0.55%. In 1982 it was possible to trace half of the original propositi from that study. Among these families, a severe clinical form with a presumed recessive inheritance could be distinguished. The clinical pictures in relatives of the original propositi were described, and other diseases were listed together with those in patients from previously performed studies. The frequency of dermatophytosis was 36.2%, which was equal to a prevalence of 37.6%. T. mentagrophytes occurred significantly more often and immunological factors, such as increased presence of blood group A, specific dermatophyte IgG antibodies, precipitating antibodies and an immunological in vitro reaction to keratin, supported differences in the distribution of dermatophytes. However, the amount of keratin was considered the most important factor for the affinity of dermatophytes to the palms and soles. A vesicular eruption along the hyperkeratotic border and a mononuclear cell infiltrate were often reported. Such reactions were interpreted as immunological reactions to dermatophytosis. Scaling and fissuring were considered clinical signs of dermatophyte infections and not a part of the originally reported clinical picture. Results of the histopathological study corresponded to previously reported descriptions of the Unna-Thost variety. However, it has recently been reported that the histopathological picture of this variety was based on histopathological features of epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma. The existence on the Continent of the Unna-Thost variety was therefore questioned. Histopathological features of epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma were not found in the County of Norrbotten and the designation "Diffuse HPPK type Norrbotten" has therefore been proposed. The histopathological picture of the presumed recessive variety did not differ from that of the dominant variety but ultrastructural characteristics differentiated it from Mal de Meleda and the dominant variety. It was therefore concluded that a new variety with a presumed recessive inheritance was found.

Topics: ABO Blood-Group System; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Fungal; Arthrodermataceae; Child; Child, Preschool; Dermatomycoses; Female; Foot Dermatoses; Genes, Dominant; Genes, Recessive; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Immunoglobulin G; Infant; Keratins; Keratoderma, Palmoplantar; Male; Middle Aged; Pedigree; Sweden; Tinea; Trichophytin; Trichophyton

A typical case of infantile digital fibromatosis (IDF) was studied with antibodies raised against actin, vimentin, desmin and several species of cytokeratin. Strong reactions were observed for desmin, cytokeratin and CK-5, and moderate reactions for vimentin and actin. The diagnostic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies within the tumor cells were ultrastructurally composed of aggregations of dense microfilaments. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that these filament aggregations are positively stained with anti-actin antibody. From these results, we suggest that the large tumor cell of IDF is a myofibroblast and may originate from or differentiate toward vascular smooth muscle cells, because only this type of smooth muscle can coexpress desmin, vimentin and cytokeratin.

Topics: Actins; Antibodies; Desmin; Fibroblasts; Foot Dermatoses; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Infant; Keratins; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Organelles; Skin; Toes; Vimentin

Titers of anti-keratin antibodies (AKA) involving IgG and IgM fractions were determined by a solid-phase enzyme-linked immunsorbent assay (ELISA) and were found to be significantly higher on average in patients with pustulosis palmaris et plantaris (PPP) than in normal controls. Positive rates of IgG-AKA and IgM-AKA in sera of PPP patients were 50% and 66%, respectively. Following tonsillectomies, patients with high IgM-AKA titers that decreased after surgery were found to benefit by a marked improvement in their skin lesions. There was a close relationship between the degree of this improvement in the skin lesions and the changes in IgM-AKA titers after the operation. These results suggest that PPP may be a tonsil-related immunological skin disease.

Topics: Antibodies; Ecthyma, Contagious; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Foot Dermatoses; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Keratins; Middle Aged; Palatine Tonsil; Tonsillectomy

In 30% to 40% of cases atopic dermatitis (AD) is believed to be associated with autosomal dominant ichthyosis vulgaris (ADI). The diagnosis of ADI can be proved by the ultrastructural demonstration of a defective keratohyalin (KH) synthesis, resulting in minute granules of crumbly appearance in only one layer of granular cells. To investigate the suggested frequent association of ADI with AD, ultrastructural examination of dry skin of 49 AD patients was performed. Only in 2 patients abnormal KH was demonstrated by electron microscopy. 17 patients, including the 2 patients with abnormal KH, showed hyperlinear palms. The present study shows that hyperlinear palms and dry skin are in most cases a phenotypic marker of AD alone and not a sign of concomitant ADI. A histologically one-layered or absent stratum granulosum may occur in the dry skin of patients with only AD and does not indicate a manifestation of concomitant ADI in all cases.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Dermatitis, Atopic; Female; Foot Dermatoses; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Hyalin; Ichthyosis; Keratins; Male; Skin; Skin Diseases

In order to clarify the relationship between the tonsils and pustulosis palmaris et plantaris (PPP), immunological investigations were performed focusing on keratin and antikeratin antibody. As materials, the tonsils, plantar skins and peripheral blood from the patients with PPP undergoing tonsillectomy were used. The results were summarized as follows: 1) Common keratin polypeptides reacting with monoclonal anti-keratin antibody were found both in the tonsillar epithelium and in the plantar skin. 2) High molecular weight keratin polypeptides were predominant in the tonsillar epithelium of the patients with PPP as in the plantar skin. 3) The antikeratin antibody titers in the sera of the patients with PPP were on a high level, and tended to decrease after tonsillectomy. 4) The antibody in the sera of the patients with PPP reacted with 67, 63 and 56 kd bands of keratin polypeptides. 5) The antikeratin antibody titers in the culture medium of the patients with PPP, especially in the tonsillar lymphocyte cultures, were on a high level. These results suggest the possibility that the keratin of the tonsillar epithelium and the antikeratin antibody in the serum may play an important role for pustule formation.

Topics: Antibodies; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Epithelium; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Foot; Foot Dermatoses; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Immunoblotting; Keratins; Molecular Weight; Palatine Tonsil; Skin

The deposition of immunoglobulins and complement was examined in skin lesions of pustulosis palmaris et plantaris by applying a direct-immunofluorescence technique. Linear deposition of IgG and C3 was demonstrated in the horny layer in 5 cases out of 10. The antikeratinlayer antibody was measured using the sera of patients with PPP, and elevated levels were recorded in patients with a maximum ratio of 1:80. Light and electron-microscopical examinations revealed a structure similar to the epidermal keratin layer of the tonsillar epidermis and phagocytosis of the structure by macrophages. This is an interesting finding in view of the antigen of the epidermal keratin layer.

Topics: Adult; Antibodies; Complement C3; Female; Foot Dermatoses; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Keratins; Male; Middle Aged; Palatine Tonsil

Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Foot Dermatoses; Genes, Dominant; Humans; Keratins; Keratosis; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Organoids; Skin

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Membrane; Cell Nucleus; Child; Child, Preschool; Collagen; Cytoplasm; Female; Fibroblasts; Foot Dermatoses; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Keratins; Keratosis; Leg; Male; Melanocytes; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Skin; Syndrome

Topics: Aged; Biopsy; Blister; Connective Tissue Cells; Desmosomes; Female; Foot Dermatoses; Humans; Keratins; Lichen Planus; Nails; Recurrence; Skin Ulcer

Topics: Blister; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dermatitis, Exfoliative; Extremities; Facial Dermatoses; Foot Dermatoses; Genes, Dominant; Genes, Recessive; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Ichthyosis; Keratins; Keratosis; Microscopy, Electron; Ribosomes; Scalp Dermatoses; Sex Chromosomes; Skin; Thorax