bromochloroacetic-acid and Edema

We report a case of unilateral polycystic disease of the parotid gland. Only eight cases of this disease have previously been published in the English language literature, and seven of them were bilateral. Thus, we are reporting the second case of unilateral involvement. The disease is apparently limited to the parotid gland and to women. Clinically, a fluctuating, long-standing, nontender parotid gland swelling is usually noticed in adulthood. Histologically, there are numerous epithelial-lined cysts, which appear to be derived from intercalated ducts. This disease probably represents a developmental condition.

Topics: Actins; Aged; Cysts; Edema; Epithelium; Female; Fibrosis; Humans; Keratins; Parotid Diseases; S100 Proteins

The molecular mechanism of the local hypersensitivity reactions to wasp venom including dermal necrosis remains an enigma regardless of the numerosity of the reported cases. In this study, we discovered a new membrane disrupting toxin, VESCP-M2 responsible for tissue damage symptoms following Vespa mandarinia envenomation. Electrophysiological assays revealed a potent ability of VESCP-M2 to permeate the cell membrane whereas in vivo experiments demonstrated that VESCP-M2 induces edema, pain and dermal necrosis characterized by the presence of morphological and behavioral phenotypes, pro-inflammatory mediators, biomarkers as well as the disruption of dermal tissue. This study presents the molecular mechanism and symptom-related function of VESCP-M2 which may form a basis for prognosis as well as therapeutic interventions.

Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Apolipoprotein A-I; Cell Membrane; CHO Cells; Cricetulus; Edema; HEK293 Cells; HeLa Cells; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Keratins; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Nude; Necrosis; Pain; Peptides; Wasp Venoms; Wasps

Alcoholic cardiomyopathy is the damage caused to the heart muscles due to high level of alcohol consumption resulting in enlargement and inflammation of the heart. Selenium is an important trace element that is beneficial to human health. Selenium protects the cells by preventing the formation of free radicals in the body. In the present study, protein mediated synthesis of SeNPs was investigated. Two different sizes of SeNPs were synthesized using BSA and keratin. The synthesized SeNPs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with elemental composition analysis Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). This study demonstrates the in vitro and in vivo antioxidative effects of sodium selenite and SeNPs. Further selenium and SeNPs were evaluated for their ability to protect against 1% ethanol induced oxidative stress in H9C2 cell line. The selenium and SeNPs were found to reduce the 1% ethanol-induced oxidative damage through scavenging intracellular reactive oxygen species. The selenium and SeNPs could also prevent pericardial edema induced ethanol treatment and reduced apoptosis and cell death in zebrafish embryos. The results indicate that selenium and SeNPs could potentially be used as an additive in alcoholic beverage industry to control the cardiomyopathy.

Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cattle; Cell Line; Cell Shape; Cytoprotection; Edema; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Ethanol; Ethylmaleimide; Keratins; Metal Nanoparticles; Oxidative Stress; Protective Agents; Rats; Reactive Oxygen Species; Selenium; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Sodium Selenite; Sulfhydryl Compounds; X-Ray Diffraction; Zebrafish

To evaluate the utility of peritoneal pathologic samples, unrelated to peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment, for the study of peritoneal fibrosis and inflammation.. Comparative morphologic and immunohistochemical study of peritoneal pathologic samples unrelated to PD with peritoneal biopsies from PD patients with special emphasis on the expression of myofibroblastic and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers.. Regarding morphology, PD-related simple fibrosis was less cellular, with greater stromal hyalinization, determining a homogeneous, hypocellular aspect of the submesothelium. In contrast, non-PD fibrosis was more cellular with an extracellular matrix showing a dense and fibrillar quality with wide bundles of collagen. Hylinazing vasculopathy was only present in PD samples. Myofibroblastic differentiation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition were common findings in all situations of peritoneal fibrosis. Calponin and calretinin are useful cellular markers to study such fibrogenic mechanisms and correlate with other well-known markers such as a -SMA and cytokeratins. Their expression was much more intense in those samples showing acute inflammation (peritonitis).. Non-PD models of peritoneal fibrosis seem very useful to evaluate important features of human peritoneal pathology such us fibrogenesis, and inflammation. Fibrogenic events such as myofibroblastic differentiation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition are evident in these tissue samples allowing us to use them as an accessible source for in vivo and ex vivo studies. Both events show their maximal expression in situations of acute inflammation supporting the important role that peritonitis episodes play in the progression of fibrosis.

Topics: Actins; Biomarkers; Biopsy; Calbindin 2; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Calponins; Case-Control Studies; Cell Differentiation; Edema; Epithelium; Fibrin; Fibroblasts; Fibrosis; Hernia, Inguinal; Humans; Hyalin; Keratins; Microfilament Proteins; Neutrophils; Peritoneum; S100 Calcium Binding Protein G; Sclerosis; Tissue Adhesions

VEGF family members play important roles in angiogenesis and vascular permeability. VEGF-A-transgenic mice showed an increased vascularization with edema due to hyper-vascular permeability and subcutaneous hemorrhage as side effects. VEGF-A binds and activates two receptors, VEGFR-1 (Flt-1) and VEGFR-2 (KDR/Flk-1). To dissect the signals of these two receptors, we generated transgenic mice overexpressing either the VEGFR-2-specific ligand VEGF-E(NZ-7) or VEGFR-1-specific ligand PlGF-II under the control of the Keratin-14 promoter. VEGF-E-mice showed a significant increase in vascularization (about 10-fold compared to control mice) in subcutaneous tissues, whereas PlGF-mice showed only a 2-3-fold increase. Interestingly, VEGF-E-mice did not show any clear edematous lesions or hemorrhagic spots on the skin. Microscopically, VEGF-E-induced capillary networks have a well organized structure with the recruitment of pericytes. These results indicate that VEGF-E is a new angiogenic agent with less side effects for clinical usage.

Topics: Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; Animals; Blood Vessels; Dermis; Edema; Humans; Keratin-14; Keratins; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Placenta Growth Factor; Pregnancy Proteins; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Transgenes; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2; Viral Proteins

Protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) is one of six PKC isoforms expressed in keratinocytes of mouse epidermis. To gain an understanding of the role of epidermal PKCalpha, we have localized its expression to specific cells of normal mouse skin and examined the effect of keratin 5 (K5) promoter directed expression of PKCalpha in transgenic mice. In normal mouse skin, PKCalpha was extensively expressed in the outer root sheath (ORS) keratinocytes of the anagen hair follicle and weakly expressed in keratinocytes of interfollicular epidermis. K5-targeted expression of PKCalpha to epidermal basal keratinocytes and follicular ORS keratinocytes resulted in a tenfold increase in epidermal PKCalpha. K5-PKCalpha mice exhibited no abnormalities in keratinocyte growth and differentiation in the epidermis. However, a single topical treatment with the PKC activator, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) resulted in a striking inflammatory response characterized by edema and extensive epidermal infiltration of neutrophils that formed intraepidermal microabscesses in the epidermis. Compared to TPA-treated wild-type mice, the epidermis of TPA-treated K5-PKCalpha mice displayed increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the neutrophil chemotactic factor macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) mRNA and the proinflammatory cytokine TNFalpha mRNA but not IL-6 or IL-1alpha mRNA. To determine if K5-PKCalpha mice display an altered response to TPA-promotion, 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-initiated K5-PKCalpha mice and wild-type mice were promoted with TPA. No differences in papilloma incidence or multiplicity were observed between K5-PKCalpha mice and wild-type littermates. These results demonstrate that the overexpression of PKCalpha in epidermis increases the expression of specific proinflammatory mediators and induces cutaneous inflammation but has little to no effect on epidermal differentiation, proliferation or TPA tumor promotion.

Topics: Abscess; Animals; Cattle; Chemokine CXCL2; Chemotactic Factors; Cyclooxygenase 2; Edema; Enzyme Activation; Epidermis; Gene Expression Regulation; Hair; Inflammation; Isoenzymes; Keratinocytes; Keratins; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Monokines; Neutrophils; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; Protein Kinase C; Protein Kinase C-alpha; RNA, Messenger; Skin; Skin Diseases; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Transcription, Genetic; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Secretory meningioma is a rare histologic variant characterized by a unique epithelial differentiation of meningothelial cells resulting in the production of hyaline inclusions. Most previous reports have presented single case observations. The authors selected 31 cases for a clinicopathologic study to characterize this type of tumor further.. Clinical data were compiled and the extent of peritumoral edema was assessed from preoperative computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scans. Preparations of surgical specimens of all tumors were studied after both conventional histologic and immunohistochemical preparations were made. Immunostaining was performed by either the avidin-biotin complex method or the alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase method using 22 primary antibodies.. In the tumor collection used in this study, secretory meningiomas represented 3% of meningiomas. The female-to-male ratio was 9:1. Most tumors were located at the sphenoid ridge or at the frontal convexity, and recurrences were not observed. Eighty-four percent of tumors presented with slight to marked peritumoral edema. The MIB-1 staining index showed a mean of 3.8%. Inclusions and surrounding cells consistently expressed epithelial membrane antigen, cytokeratins, carcinoembryonic antigen, and carbohydrate antigen 19-9. In decreasing frequency, they also contained alpha1-antitrypsin, immunoglobulin (Ig)A, alpha1-antichymotrypsin, IgM, and IgG. Cells positive for vimentin and S-100 did not contain inclusions. All tumors were positive for progesterone receptors. Macrophages were stained with antibodies to factor XIIIa, human leukocyte antigen-DR, and alpha1-antitrypsin. In 64% of cases, tumor vessels lacked expression of glucose transporter protein 1.. The classification of secretory meningioma as a distinct variant has been justified on clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical grounds. The unique epithelial features call attention to the broad spectrum of differentiation properties found in meningiomas.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; CA-19-9 Antigen; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Cell Differentiation; Coloring Agents; Edema; Epithelium; Female; Humans; Hyalin; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Immunohistochemistry; Inclusion Bodies; Keratins; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Meningeal Neoplasms; Meningioma; Middle Aged; Mucin-1; Receptors, Estrogen; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The aim of this study was to investigate prospectively the epithelialization process in the healing temporalis myofascial flap (TMF). Eight cats underwent maxillectomy and immediate reconstruction with TMF. They were killed at the determined time and the reconstructed maxillae were processed for examination by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Results revealed that epithelialization of the healing TMF was initiated by hyperplastic changes followed by active migration of epithelial cells deriving from the wound margins. The partial maxillectomy wound was completely covered by a smooth oral mucosa at postoperative week 24. The mucosa had histological and ultrastructural features different from normal palatal mucosa.

Topics: Animals; Cats; Cell Movement; Collagen; Connective Tissue; Edema; Elastin; Epithelium; Fascia; Granulation Tissue; Hyperplasia; Inflammation; Keratins; Lymphocytes; Macrophages; Maxilla; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Mouth; Mouth Mucosa; Plasma Cells; Prospective Studies; Regeneration; Surgical Flaps; Temporal Muscle; Wound Healing

An immunohistochemical study of three cases of massive ovarian edema revealed coexpression of vimentin, total actins, alpha-smooth muscle actin, desmin and low molecular weight cytokeratins in the stromal spindle cells composing the edematous ovarian tissue. In addition these stromal cells expressed smooth muscle myosin which is a marker for terminal smooth muscle differentiation. This remarkable fibroblastic cell plasticity in massive ovarian edema may represent yet another example of fibroblastic modulations occurring under the influence of microenvironmental stress factors.

Topics: Actins; Adolescent; Child; Cytoskeleton; Desmin; Edema; Female; Fibroblasts; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Ovarian Diseases; Phenotype; Stromal Cells; Vimentin

Topics: Edema; Humans; Keratins; Osmotic Pressure; Skin; Skin Diseases

Topics: Atmospheric Pressure; Basement Membrane; Biopsy; Blister; Cell Membrane; Edema; Extracellular Space; Humans; Keratins; Lanthanum; Melanocytes; Microscopy, Electron; Mitochondria; Organoids; Skin

Topics: Adult; Edema; Female; Humans; Keratins; Microscopy, Electron; Mitochondrial Swelling; Pigmentation Disorders; Skin

Topics: Adult; Biopsy; Cell Membrane; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cell Nucleus; Cytoplasm; Edema; Female; Humans; Hydrochloric Acid; Inclusion Bodies; Keratins; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Skin; Skin Absorption; Sodium Hydroxide; Time Factors

Topics: Adult; Edema; Humans; Hyalin; Keratins; Keratoacanthoma; Male; Melanins; Melanocytes; Pigments, Biological; Skin Neoplasms

Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Nucleus; Cytoplasm; Edema; Endometrium; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Female; Foreign Bodies; Golgi Apparatus; Keratins; Lysosomes; Microscopy; Microscopy, Electron; Mitochondria; Neoplasms, Experimental; Neutrophils; Paraffin; Polyvinyls; Rats; Suppuration; Uterine Neoplasms; Uterus

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Cysts; Edema; Folliculitis; Hair; Humans; Hyperplasia; Keratins; Male; Rupture; Sebaceous Glands; Skin

Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Cell Division; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Edema; In Vitro Techniques; Injections, Subcutaneous; Isotonic Solutions; Keratins; Mice; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Phospholipids; Skin; Sodium Chloride; Sulfhydryl Compounds

Topics: Alcohols; Animals; Edema; Ethanol; Keratins; Methanol; Research; Sheep; Wool