bromochloroacetic-acid and Cystitis

Topics: Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Calbindin 2; Cholecystitis; Cisplatin; Cystitis; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Glutamates; Guanine; Humans; Inflammation; Keratins; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Mesothelioma; Mesothelioma, Malignant; Middle Aged; Pemetrexed; Peritoneal Neoplasms; Survival Rate; Vimentin

A histopathological and immunohistochemical study of a case of nephrogenic adenoma of the bladder associated to glandular cystitis is presented with a very similar immunostaining to adenomatoid tumors in other organs and probably of a mesothelial origin. Its pathogenesis seems to correspond to a metaplastic change of the bladder's urothelium through anomalous differentiation of the reserve cells faced with different irritating agents. Because of its benign characteristics, we think that treatment can be confined to endoscopic observation and conservative technique.

Topics: Adenoma; Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma; Cystitis; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Keratins; Male; Metaplasia; Mucin-1; Neoplasm Proteins; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urography; Urothelium; Vimentin; von Willebrand Factor

Despite the large number of studies performed in solid tumors, few attempts at molecular detection of urothelial cells in blood have been made. Specifically, only uroplakin II (UP-II) and cytokeratin 20 (CK-20) have been suggested as tumor markers in the blood of bladder cancer patients. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mRNA expression was found in the blood of patients with some types of carcinoma; nevertheless, its expression has been never investigated in the blood of patients with urothelial tumors. We used a EGFR-based reverse transcription-PCR assay for the detection of tumoral cells in the blood of 27 patients with bladder cancer, in 30 healthy donors, and in 9 patients with cystitis. EGFR expression was compared with that of known markers of circulating epithelial cells, CK-19 and CK-20, and to a urothelial-specific marker, UP-II. Analysis by reverse transcription-PCR and Southern blot hybridization showed no evidence of EGFR and UP-II mRNA expression in any of the samples used as controls. Analysis of healthy donors showed mRNA expression for CK-19 and CK-20 in 6 of 30 and in 4 of 30 samples, respectively. All patients with cystitis resulted negative for EGFR expression, whereas 3 of 9, 2 of 9, and 3 of 9 were found expressing CK-19, CK-20, and UP-II, respectively. Among blood samples from tumoral patients, 74% had EGFR mRNA and 41% had positive signals for CK-19, whereas positivity for CK-20 and UP-II was found in 15% and 37% of patients, respectively. These results seem to indicate that EGFR mRNA in the blood may be a useful tumor marker in bladder cancer patients, as well as in other patients with epithelial tumors.

Topics: Adult; Biomarkers, Tumor; Blotting, Southern; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Cystitis; ErbB Receptors; HeLa Cells; Humans; Intermediate Filament Proteins; Keratin-20; Keratins; Lymphatic Metastasis; Membrane Proteins; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Uroplakin II

The urinary CYFRA 21-1 value corrected for urinary creatinine (ng/ml/creatinine), was studied in the urine of patients with urothelial tumors. To examine its clinical significance we studied urinary CYFRA 21-1 excretion (ng/ml/creatinine), in a total of 22 urine samples from patients with bladder cancer, 7 from patients with renal pelvic and ureteral tumor, 6 from patients with urinary infection 6 from patients with urinary diversion called ileal conduit, and 8 from healthy adult men. The excretion of CYFRA 21-1 in urine was determined by two specific monoclonal antibodies (Ks 19.1 and BW 19.21). The mean value of urinary CYFRA 21-1 in healthy adult men was 1.96 +/- 1.33 (mean +/- SD) ng/ml/creatinine. Urinary CYFRA 21-1 showed a higher value in the urine of urinary infection and urinary diversion. As to bladder cancer, urinary CYFRA 21-1 showed a higher value in a larger volume of tumor than in a smaller volume of tumor in transitional cell carcinoma regardless of the grade and stage. These findings suggest that urinary CYFRA 21-1 may be a non-specific marker in urothelial tumors.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Cystitis; Female; Humans; Keratins; Male; Middle Aged; Peptide Fragments; Urologic Neoplasms

Normal bladder urothelium and large spectrum bladder lesions have been investigated by immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies of variable specificity (SK 56-23, a large spectrum antibody; SK 60-61, which reacts with cytokeratin polypeptides no. 8 and 18 of Moll's catalogue; SK 2-27, specific for polypeptides no. 14, 16 and 17). The normal urothelial pattern is in agreement with previous reports. In pathological conditions, modified immunostaining has been demonstrated in almost all cases. In detail, the cytoskeletal pattern detected in transitional cell papilloma seems to discriminate between types which are otherwise histologically similar. We also observed a correlation between higher degrees of malignancy and loss of specialization, as demonstrated by the increasing positivity for SK 60-61, which as a rule specifically stains "umbrella" cells, and SK 2-27, an antibody exclusively detected in cells of the basal layer. These findings indicate that the cytokeratin pattern may constitute a modern new tool for the pathologist in the diagnosis of urothelial proliferative disorders.

Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Cystitis; Epithelium; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Metaplasia; Papilloma; Urinary Bladder; Urinary Bladder Diseases; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

The distribution of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and various cytokeratins was studied with immunohistochemical techniques in malignant, normal and inflamed urothelium. TPA and cytokeratins 8, 18 and 19 were similarly distributed and there was no difference between benign and malignant conditions. All keratins were most abundant in the outer cell layers of the urothelium. EMA was present primarily in the so called umbrella cells. Increased levels of TPA in urine and serum are found in patients with urothelial carcinoma. TPA is reported to be related to the cytoskeletal keratins and its presence definitely does not imply malignant transformation as we have demonstrated it in both benign and malignant urothelium. The increased levels of TPA in urine and serum are probably due to a more rapid turnover and autolysis of cells and may parallel a more aggressive tumor behaviour.

Topics: Antibodies; Cystitis; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Membrane Glycoproteins; Mucin-1; Peptides; Tissue Polypeptide Antigen; Urinary Bladder; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Animals; Bladder Exstrophy; Cystitis; Disease Models, Animal; Epithelial Cells; Female; Inflammation; Keratins; Metaplasia; Methods; Rats; Urinary Bladder