bromochloroacetic-acid and Cystadenocarcinoma

A 40-year-old Japanese man was admitted to our hospital for evaluation of upper abdominal pain. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed a well-circumscribed multicystic mass measuring approximately 7 × 6 cm. The mass contained a solid lesion measuring 3 × 2 cm. Biopsy of a swollen cervical lymph node led to a diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. After initial chemotherapy for lymphoma, the multicystic mass was surgically resected. The tumor was composed of a multicystic lesion and a solid lesion. Histopathologic examination of the multicystic lesion revealed that the locules were lined by biliary epithelium, demonstrating various degrees of cytological atypia. The stroma was fibrous, and the tumor showed marked apocrine snouts. Part of the tumor showed papillary growth with strong cytological atypia. The solid lesion showed tubulocystic proliferation of tumor cells, with prominent apocrine snouts, embedded in dense and partially hyalinized fibrous stroma. The morphology of the solid part was quite similar to that of reported biliary adenofibroma. Despite lengthy discussion, an appropriate pathological diagnosis could not be found among the current classifications of biliary tumor. The tumor was finally diagnosed as unclassified multicystic biliary tumor with adenofibroma features.

Topics: Adenofibroma; Adult; Bile Duct Neoplasms; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Combined Modality Therapy; Cystadenocarcinoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Fatal Outcome; Humans; Keratins; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Male; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary

Hepatobiliary cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma of the gall bladder have rarely been reported. An 88-year-old Japanese man was admitted to our clinic because of hypochondralgia and jaundice. Imaging techniques revealed hemobilia and a multilocular cystic tumor in the fundus of the gall bladder, and cholecystectomy was performed. Grossly, the tumor (3.5 x 3 x 3 cm) was multicystic, containing seromucous fluid. The tumor was located in the fibromuscular layer and subserosa of the gall bladder fundus, and protruded into the serosal surface, not into gall bladder lumen. The mucosa appeared free of tumor involvement, and no gall stones were recognized. Microscopically, the tumor was located in the fibromuscular layer, subserosa and tiny focus of the mucosal surface. The tumor consisted of mucin-rich benign columnar cells, dysplastic mucous cells, malignant papillotubular cells and invasive carcinoma cells. Malignant and atypical tumor cells were located in the center of the tumor and in the tiny area of the mucosal surface, while benign tumor cells were located in the peripheral portions of the tumor and in the serosal side. Neither ovarian stroma-like mesenchymal stroma nor an oncocytic change in tumor cells was recognized. Non-tumorous gall bladder showed chronic cholecystitis. Immunohistochemically, benign and carcinoma cells were positive for cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, CA19-9, MUC1, MUC5AC and MUC6, and carcinoma cells were also positive for carcinoembryonic antigen and p53 protein. The present case indicates that hepatobiliary cystadenocarcinoma without mesenchymal stroma may occur in the gall bladder of old men, and suggests that hepatobiliary cystadenoma without mesenchymal stroma may transform into hepatobiliary cystadenocarcinoma in the gall bladder.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biliary Tract Neoplasms; CA-19-9 Antigen; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Cystadenocarcinoma; Cystadenoma; Gallbladder Neoplasms; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Mucin 5AC; Mucin-1; Mucin-6; Mucins; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53

Hepatobiliary cystic tumors are rare, but must be correctly diagnosed because of their potential malignancy. We report the clinical, radiological, pathological and evolutive characteristics of 7 cases of hepatobiliary cystic tumors.. Complete clinical charts were available. Radiological and pathological documents were reviewed.. There were 4 females and 3 males (median age, 58.7 yrs). In 3 cases, the presenting symptom was the palpation of a mass in the right upper abdominal quadrant. In 6 cases, pre-operative imaging studies showed a cystic intra-hepatic mass, containing vegetations and/or septa in 5 cases. In the remaining case, the radiological appearance showed a heterogeneous liver mass. Two patients were treated by pericystectomy and 5 by radical hepatectomy. At macroscopic examination, tumors were usually large (range: 2-24 cm) and multilocular. Histological diagnosis was: cystadenoma with mesenchymous stroma (2 cases), mucinous cystadenoma (2 cases), mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (2 cases), giant cell cystadenocarcinoma (1 case). The mean duration of follow up was 60 months. Two patients, both with cystadenocarcinomas, died after respectively, 21 and 34 months with metastatic dissemination. Five patients are alive without evidence of disease after a delay ranging from 14 to 144 months.. Radical surgical treatment of cystic hepatobiliary tumors is necessary to obtain histopathological examination of the complete specimen, which is essential for a correct evaluation of the malignant potential of the lesion, and for prolonged survival, even in cases of locally invasive tumors.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Angiography; Bile Duct Neoplasms; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Cholangiography; Cystadenocarcinoma; Cystadenoma; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Palpation; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonography

We investigated whether a panel of antibodies including WT1 could separate pancreaticobiliary and ovarian carcinomas by staining 64 pancreaticobiliary adenocarcinomas, 41 ovarian serous carcinomas, and 12 primary ovarian mucinous neoplasms with WT1, cytokeratin (CK) 17, CK20, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and CA-125. Moderate or strong intensity reactivity in more than 25% of cells was a positive result. Of the ovarian serous carcinomas, 38 (93%) were WT1 reactive and 22 (54%) WT1 positive, 9 (22%) had CK20 reactivity, and 3 (7%) were CK20 positive in fewer than 50% of cells. All were CK17 or CEA nonreactive. Of the ovarian mucinous neoplasms, all were WT1 and CK17 nonreactive and 11 (92%) were CEA reactive, 8 (67%) CEA positive, 10 (83%) CK20 reactive, and 6 (50%) CK20 positive. Of the pancreaticobiliary adenocarcinomas, 19 (30%) were CK20 positive, 27 (42%) CK17 positive, and 52 (81%) CEA positive. All were WT1 nonreactive. A panel including WT1, CK17, CK20, and CEA is useful to distinguish pancreaticobiliary and ovarian serous carcinomas. Extensive CK17 reactivity is supportive of a pancreaticobiliary adenocarcinoma when the differential diagnosis includes ovarian mucinous neoplasm. None of the antibodies positively identified ovarian mucinous neoplasms.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous; Antibodies; Biliary Tract Neoplasms; CA-125 Antigen; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Cystadenocarcinoma; Diagnosis, Differential; DNA-Binding Proteins; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Intermediate Filament Proteins; Keratin-20; Keratins; Ovarian Neoplasms; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Transcription Factors; WT1 Proteins

Primary ovarian carcinomas with unusual histologic patterns can be difficult to differentiate from metastases. In this study, we reviewed 15 cases of mixed-epithelial carcinoma (12 serous, 1 serous and endometrioid, 1 endometrioid, 1 undifferentiated) with a predominant microcystic pattern and signet-ring cells. The patients' ages ranged from 31 to 78 (mean 58) years. The microcystic component in 11 patients had features of high-grade carcinoma and in 4 patients had features of low-grade carcinoma associated with areas of borderline tumor. The tumors in all 15 patients showed a predominant microcystic growth pattern composed of small cysts that were variable in size and shape. Signet-ring cells were also present in all cases (diffusely in nine cases, focally in six cases) within the neoplastic epithelial proliferation. Mucin was present in the lumina of some of the microcysts and in the cytoplasm of most of the signet-ring cells. A microcystic pattern and mucin-containing signet-ring cells can be seen as small foci or as a predominant component in primary epithelial nonmucinous ovarian carcinomas. It is important for pathologists to recognize these unusual findings in ovarian neoplasms, because they may produce a confusing apperance, even potentially suggesting a metastasis.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Endometrioid; Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell; Cell Nucleus; Cystadenocarcinoma; Cystadenocarcinoma, Papillary; Cytoplasm; Female; Humans; Keratins; Middle Aged; Mucins; Ovarian Cysts; Ovarian Neoplasms

Cytokeratin (CK) patterns and albumin messenger RNA (mRNA) are investigated in 24 patients with benign hepatic lesions (7 patients with focal nodular hyperplasia [FNH], 10 with hepatocellular adenomas [HA], 1 with biliary hamartoma, 4 with biliary cysts, 2 with cystadenomas) and in 8 patients with cystadenocarcinoma, a rare liver malignancy. The lesions and surrounding tissue of the hepatocytic components expressed CK 8 and 18 at immunohistochemistry, whereas the biliary elements evidenced CK 8 and 18 and CK 7 and 19. The albumin mRNA, as detected by in situ hybridization (ISH), revealed different distributions in the hepatocytes of FNH and HA. In the benign biliary lesions, the normal hepatocytes surrounding the tumors expressed albumin mRNA, whereas the biliary structures did not. Interestingly, in the cystadenocarcinomas, albumin mRNA was observed not only in the hepatocytes of residual parenchyma, but also in neoplastic bile duct cells lining the carcinomatous cysts; no signal was identified in the nonneoplastic biliary elements. This indicates that cystadenocarcinomas have a mixed biological phenotype and suggests they could arise either from pluripotent cells or from neoplastic cells that reacquire epigenetic features. Our results suggest two possible diagnostic applications for albumin ISH: on routine sections, it could represent an important tool for distinguishing between cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma; and on fine needle biopsy specimens, it could reduce uncertainty between FNH and HA.

Topics: Adenoma; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Albumins; Biliary Tract Neoplasms; Biomarkers, Tumor; Cell Differentiation; Cystadenocarcinoma; Cystadenoma; Cysts; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Gene Expression; Hamartoma; Humans; Hyperplasia; Immunoenzyme Techniques; In Situ Hybridization; Keratins; Liver; Liver Diseases; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Proteins; Phenotype; Protein Isoforms; RNA Probes; RNA, Complementary; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Neoplasm; Stem Cells

Cytokeratin 7 (CK-7) has been shown to be uncommonly expressed in colonic epithelial tumors, as opposed to ovarian epithelial tumors, which are always CK-7 positive. The authors investigated the expression of CK-7 in 17 appendiceal cystadenomas and carcinomas, 20 mucinous borderline tumors of the ovary, 10 cases of simultaneous mucinous tumors of the appendix and ovary, three so-called high-stage mucinous borderline tumors of the ovary, and three cases of pseudomyxoma peritonei (PP) of unknown origin. Nine appendiceal cystadenomas were CK-7 negative; two of these were associated with PP, and the peritoneal lesions were negative as well. Three cystadenomas were CK-7 positive. Three appendiceal carcinomas were CK-7 negative, and in one case the metastases were also negative. Two carcinomas were CK-7 positive. All 20 ovarian borderline tumors were CK-7 positive. Six cases of simultaneous mucinous tumors of the ovary and appendix were CK-7 negative, as were their peritoneal mucinous deposits. Four cases showed a positive reaction in both appendiceal and ovarian sites. Two of three so-called high-stage ovarian borderline tumors were CK-7 negative. All three cases of PP of unknown origin were CK-7 negative. In conclusion, appendiceal cystadenomas are often CK-7 negative, whereas ovarian mucinous borderline tumors are always CK-7 positive. The concordant staining pattern for CK-7 of simultaneous mucinous tumors involving the appendix and ovary (60% of which were CK-7 negative) supports an appendiceal origin for these tumors. Our results also support an appendiceal (or colonic) source for any CK-7-negative mucinous tumor involving the ovary or the peritoneum. Furthermore, our findings are in agreement with the assumption that mucinous borderline-like tumors in the ovary associated with PP are not ovarian in origin but are often, if not always, metastatic from an appendiceal (or other) mucinous tumor.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Appendiceal Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Cystadenocarcinoma; Female; Humans; Keratins; Male; Middle Aged; Ovarian Neoplasms; Peritoneal Neoplasms; Pseudomyxoma Peritonei

Human ovarian malignancies from three different patients (histology: two serous cystadenocarcinomata and one mixed Müllerian tumor, homologous type) were successfully serially transplanted intraperitoneally into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice where the tumor cells spread around the peritoneal cavity. If the ascites derived from cystadenocarcinoma cells engrafted in the female genital tract of the SCID mice, they formed cystic tumors resembling remarkably well the original tumors in the patients. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the immunophenotype of the patients' original tumor and those grown in SCID mice were similar in the case of the two cystadenocarcinomata; in addition, the marker expression in general was stable during serial transplantation. If distant metastases occurred in the lungs, they immunophenotypically resembled those grown intraperitoneally. In contrast, the cells derived from the mixed Müllerian tumor shifted during serial transplantation from a spindle cell morphology toward a morphology characterized by cuboidal cells. The transition toward a more epithelial phenotype was accompanied by a changed immunophenotype of the tumor cells which became positive for epithelial cell markers such as carcinoembryonic antigens, CA 19-9 and CA 125. Concurrently with this differentiation, the p53 immunophenotype changed from positive to negative, indicating a further mutation in the p53 gene during serial passages.

Topics: Animals; Biomarkers, Tumor; Cystadenocarcinoma; Female; Humans; Keratins; Mice; Mice, SCID; Middle Aged; Mixed Tumor, Mullerian; Ovarian Neoplasms; Phenotype; Uterine Neoplasms

Ovarian serous lesions with severe cytological and architectural atypia without obvious destructive stromal invasion may be diagnosed as serous borderline malignant tumor or as serous cystadenocarcinoma, depending on the criteria that individual pathologists use. The recent introduction of the diagnosis "serous borderline tumors with stromal microinvasion" seems an important improvement for the accuracy of the diagnosis of serous ovarian tumors. The aim of this study was to determine if immunohistochemical epithelial markers could help to detect stromal microinvasion in serous ovarian tumors and to compare these findings with the occurrence of "eosinophilic metaplastic" cells. Therefore, we studied the presence of eosinophilic metaplastic cells. Three immunohistochemical epithelial markers were applied in a group of 42 borderline and invasive serous tumors. The histopathologic diagnosis of the tumors was established by a reference center for gynecologic pathology in the Netherlands. We found that "eosinophilic metaplastic" cells were a constant feature in the serous borderline tumor lesions both with and without microinvasion. The presence of these cells should therefore not be considered as pathognomonic for microinvasion. The three investigated antibodies against epithelial epitopes helped to detect microinvasion, with the monoclonal antikeratin (CAM5.2) the best of these antibodies. Serous tumors diagnosed as carcinoma with dubious invasion showed no evidence of microinvasion in 83% of cases. In 13% of serous borderline malignant tumors, microinvasion was detected by the antibodies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens, Neoplasm; Biomarkers, Tumor; Cystadenocarcinoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Keratins; Membrane Glycoproteins; Middle Aged; Mucin-1; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Ovarian Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Serous Membrane

A case of pancreatic mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (PMC) with two pseudosarcomatous mural nodules (PMN) is described. These nodules have not been previously described in this type of tumor. In ovarian mucinous tumors (OMT), similar nodules have been reported, the nature of which has been discussed in detail. Here the similarity between the tumor described here and ovarian tumors is stressed. The immunohistochemical study carried out disclosed in the nodules strong positive staining for vimentin and moderate positivity for keratin and epithelial membrane antigen. These findings, along with histologic details, favor the epithelial nature of the nodules. It was concluded that the nodules are foci of anaplastic carcinoma with high proliferative cell rate, which could explain the coexpression of vimentin and keratin.

Topics: Antigens, Neoplasm; Cystadenocarcinoma; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Membrane Glycoproteins; Middle Aged; Mucin-1; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Vimentin

Primary tumours from 40 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer, treated at St Thomas's Hospital over a 10-year period, were studied for the immunocytochemical expression of the following tumour markers in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded material: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), cytokeratin (CAM 5.2), and DD9. An indirect immunoperoxidase staining technique was used. All of the tumours were positive for EMA and CAM 5.2, and 30% of them were positive for both CEA and DD9. The absence of CEA and DD9 may be of value in differentiating between metastatic abdominal adenocarcinomas of ovarian origin and those of gastrointestinal origin, but no indication of prognosis was obtained using these epithelial markers. The strong and widespread staining of all the tumours for EMA suggests that this may be a useful marker for detecting metastatic or recurrent disease by immunoscintigraphy.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous; Adult; Aged; Antigens, Neoplasm; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Carcinoma; Cystadenocarcinoma; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Keratins; Membrane Glycoproteins; Middle Aged; Mucin-1; Ovarian Neoplasms

Three cases (two ovarian and one retroperitoneal) of mucinous tumors with solid nodules are reported. The predominant picture in the three cases was that of a mucinous cystic tumor, but small nodules of solid anaplastic carcinoma were found in all three cases. In addition, one case showed microscopic foci of microcyst rupture with histiocytic response reminiscent of sarcoma-like mural nodules, one case showed several sarcoma-like nodules, and one case showed apparent transition from anaplastic carcinoma to spindle cell sarcoma. Histologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of the lesions are given, as differentiation of these nodules is important.

Topics: Adult; Aged; alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin; Cystadenocarcinoma; Female; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Keratins; Membrane Glycoproteins; Mucin-1; Mucins; Ovarian Neoplasms; Retroperitoneal Neoplasms; Sarcoma; Staining and Labeling; Vimentin

We describe an ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma with several sarcoma-like mural nodules (SLMN). The distinction between these lesions and foci of anaplastic carcinoma is important because of the poor prognosis of the latter. We have studied the potential value of immunohistochemistry in the differential diagnosis of these two lesions. In contrast to an anaplastic carcinoma, which was largely composed of keratin-positive cells, SLMN were negative or only focally positive. Therefore, in distinguishing SLMN from foci of anaplastic carcinoma, keratin strains may be added to other gross and microscopical differential features, such as size, demarcation, and presence or lack of obvious carcinomatous elements.

Topics: Adult; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Cystadenocarcinoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Ovarian Neoplasms; Sarcoma

Two cases of peritoneal papillary carcinoma are reported. The patient in the first case was a 71-year-old woman with symptoms of obstructive ileus. Laparotomy revealed a tumor in the omentum involving the transverse colon, and several small tumors in the peritoneum and pelvic wall. However, no primary site of the tumor was seen in the ovary, pancreas, or gastrointestinal tract. The patient in the second case was a 44-year-old woman with carcinomatous peritonitis. Postmortem examination revealed multiple tumors in the peritoneum, omentum, and pelvic wall. Tumors were also found in the cortex with mild invasion of the underlying parenchyma of the bilateral ovaries, although these lesions were thought to be metastatic. The histologic features of the tumor in both cases were those of tubulopapillary adenocarcinoma containing scattered psammoma bodies. The cells were positive with the PAS-D technique, but negative with alcian blue staining. In both cases, the serum levels of CA-125 were considerably elevated, and the tumor cells showed positivity for CA-125, S-100 protein, cytokeratin and EMA by immunohistochemistry. The present cases were most likely peritoneal serous papillary adenocarcinoma derived from extraovarian peritoneal mesothelium with müllerian potential, being different from the usual type of diffuse malignant mesothelioma.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; Autopsy; Cystadenocarcinoma; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Membrane Glycoproteins; Mucin-1; Omentum; Pelvis; Peritoneal Cavity; Peritoneal Neoplasms; S100 Proteins

34 cases of lacrimal epithelial tumor were studied with the anti-keratin and anti-CEA monoclonal antibody peroxidase-anti-peroxidase staining and the AB/PAS mucohistochemical staining. It was found that HK2 was positive in the gland-luminal cells and cancer cells in the squamous metaplastic portion of the tumor; K12 was positive in the mucoid, fibroid, and cartilaginoid metaplastic tumor cells, while K27 was positive in less number of the squamous cells; CEA was positive in tumor cells of the nest and glandular lumina. Mecohistochemically, the tumor cells were 100% positive. The authors were of the opinion that keratin HK2 and K12 and CEA were ideal markers for lacrimal epithelial tumors.

Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Cystadenocarcinoma; Eye Neoplasms; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal

Primary and metastatic tumor tissues of serous papillary adenocarcinoma of the endometrium were examined for the following: (1) amplification of int-2, c-erbB-2 and c-myc proto-oncogenes by Southern blot hybridization; (2) DNA ploidy by flow cytometric study; (3) and expression of specific proteins, such as estrogen and progesterone receptors, keratin, vimentin, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) using immunohistochemical and biochemical techniques. Amplification of c-myc was observed in the specimens from the endometrium (ten-fold) and from omental metastasis (five-fold). Both int-2 and c-erbB-2 amplification were not observed. The tumor showed aneuploidy, with the specimens from the endometrium and omental metastasis exhibiting multiple populations of aneuploid tumor cells. Estrogen and progesterone receptors could not be detected biochemically; however, immunohistochemically, estrogen receptors were observed in tumor cells forming papillary structures but not in the tumor cells of the solid, more poorly differentiated areas. A similar distribution was observed for both low and high molecular weight keratin. The findings of c-myc amplification and aneuploidy in the serous papillary adenocarcinoma of the endometrium are consistent with its aggressive behavior observed clinically and emphasize the importance of distinguishing this lesion from other types of endometrial carcinoma.

Topics: Blotting, Southern; Cystadenocarcinoma; DNA, Neoplasm; Female; Flow Cytometry; Gene Amplification; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Keratins; Middle Aged; Molecular Weight; Peritoneal Neoplasms; Ploidies; Proto-Oncogene Mas; Proto-Oncogenes; Receptors, Estrogen; Receptors, Progesterone; Uterine Neoplasms

In order to evaluate adjunctive histologic methods for separating mesothelioma (MM) and serous adenocarcinoma (SC), we studied 28 and 46 respective cases histochemically and immunohistochemically. Ten serous adenocarcinomas arose primarily in extraovarian sites within the abdomen. Diagnoses in each case were established retrospectively by a combination of electron microscopy and clinicopathologic correlation. A panel of antibodies to cytokeratin (CK), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), B72.3, placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), S-100 protein, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Leu M1, CA-125, and amylase (AM) was applied to paraffin sections of each case. Serous carcinoma was reactive for neutral mucins whereas mesothelioma was not; however, only 50% of adenocarcinoma cases stained in this manner. Peritoneal mesothelioma showed reactivity for CK (28 of 28 cases), EMA (24 of 28 cases), AM (five of 28 cases), CA-125 (four of 28 cases), and S-100 protein (three of 28 cases), but lacked B72.3, PLAP, and CEA. Three mesotheliomas expressed Leu M1, but in an extremely focal distribution. Serous carcinoma reacted for CK (46 of 46 cases), EMA (46 of 46 cases), CA-125 (42 of 46 cases), S-100 protein (40 of 46 cases), Leu M1 (34 of 46 cases; with diffuse staining), B72.3 (33 of 46 cases), PLAP (29 of 46 cases), AM (15 of 46 cases), and CEA (six of 46 cases). Two profiles (S-100 + B72.3; S-100 + PLAP) were seen in 41 of 46 serous adenocarcinoma cases but were absent in all mesotheliomas. Hence, these combinations of determinants are effective in separating such neoplasms diagnostically. Moreover, diffuse reactivity for Leu M1, B72.3, PLAP, or CEA in papillary peritoneal neoplasms appears to exclude the possibility of mesothelioma; however, focal Leu M1 reactivity may indeed be seen in mesothelioma. Although CA-125 is a sensitive marker for serous carcinoma, it is not effective in distinguishing it from mesothelioma.

Topics: Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Antigens, Neoplasm; Basement Membrane; Cell Nucleus; Cystadenocarcinoma; Cytoplasm; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Male; Mesothelioma; Peritoneal Neoplasms; S100 Proteins

An epithelial ovarian carcinoma from a patient with progressive disease who had received combination chemotherapy was established as a cell line and characterized. The doubling time of the cell line was seven days. The subcutaneous inoculation with 10(6) cells into an athymic nude mouse produced a 5 X 5-mm nodule with a histology similar to that of the original tumor. The malignant epithelial cells were aneuploid and varied in chromosome numbers from 50 to 115; double minutes were present in 25% of the cells. Antibodies specific for keratin showed a dense filamentous keratin network within the cells. No estrogen receptors were identified by immunocytochemistry. A heterogeneous tumor population in the sixth passage was suggested by flow cytometric analysis. This cell line may be a useful in vitro model for studying the biology and mechanisms of radiation and/or chemotherapy resistance of ovarian carcinomas.

Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Cystadenocarcinoma; Female; Humans; Keratins; Mice; Mice, Nude; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Transplantation; Ovarian Neoplasms; Receptors, Estrogen; Transplantation, Heterologous; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Eighty five ovarian epithelial and non-epithelial tumours were studied by peroxidase histochemical staining for their reactivity with six monoclonal human milk fat globule (HMFG) antibodies, peanut agglutinin (PNA) lectin, and a monoclonal cytokeratin antibody. HMFG IIIC12 and cytokeratin antibodies distinguished epithelial from non-epithelial tumours. The staining patterns of mucinous and serous tumours were essentially different from each other; poorly differentiated anaplastic carcinomas showed similar antigenic content to that of the serous cystadenocarcinomas. Furthermore, staining with PNA lectin and HMFG antibodies was useful in distinguishing clear cell carcinomas from other malignant epithelial tumours of the ovary.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Cystadenocarcinoma; Epitopes; Female; Granulosa Cell Tumor; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Keratins; Lectins; Membrane Glycoproteins; Mucin-1; Ovarian Neoplasms; Peanut Agglutinin

A primary culture of serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary was used to study the expression of intermediate filament proteins and the deposition of basal lamina proteins. It was found that cells grown on type I and IV collagens or in collagen gels failed to express vimentin, which was readily demonstrable in cultures of the same cells grown on plastic or glass. Furthermore cells grown in collagen gels formed colonies demonstrating a cystic architecture. Unlike what is commonly observed on glass or plastic, where laminin and fibronectin are deposited as disorganized fibrils in the extracellular space, in or on collagen these proteins appear solely at the interface between the epithelial cells and matrix. The results suggest that the extracellular matrix influences the cytoskeletal organization of the intermediate filaments and determines cell polarity. They confirm that collagen substrates permit epithelial cell cultures to progress toward a more differentiated state.

Topics: Basement Membrane; Cell Count; Cell Division; Collagen; Cystadenocarcinoma; Cytoskeleton; Epithelium; Extracellular Matrix; Female; Fibronectins; Humans; Intermediate Filament Proteins; Intermediate Filaments; Keratins; Laminin; Membrane Proteins; Middle Aged; Ovarian Neoplasms; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Vimentin

An immunocytochemical investigation has been performed on 83 common epithelial tumours of the ovary, to ascertain their capability of expressing vimentin in addition to cytokeratins. Our results demonstrate that vimentin coexpression is related to the tumour histotype and -to a lesser extent- to the degree of differentiation of malignant variants. Indeed, most serous tumours (80%), some endometrioid adenocarcinomas, and all the clear cell carcinomas investigated exhibited a variable number of neoplastic cells co-synthesizing the two distinct intermediate filament (IF) proteins, whereas only one of 29 mucinous tumours and none of the Brenner tumours displayed vimentin-immunoreactive cells. Moreover, in serous and endometrioid carcinomas, the expression of vimentin was related to the degree of tumour differentiation, being consistently identifiable in the better differentiated cases. The immunocytochemical findings of a parallel investigation on IF expression in the ovarian coelomic epithelium and in the müllerian-derived epithelia of the female genital tract allowed us to ascertain that ovarian epithelial tumours (with the possible exception of poorly differentiated carcinomas) maintain the pattern of IF expression typical of the normal epithelia. This investigation emphasizes the usefulness of IF typing as a tool for the more precise characterization of the origin and differentiation of human neoplasms.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Brenner Tumor; Carcinoma; Cystadenocarcinoma; Cystadenoma; Endometriosis; Epithelium; Female; Genitalia, Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Ovarian Neoplasms; Ovary; Vimentin

In the present study we describe the establishment and characteristics of a new human tumor cell line (OV-1063) positive for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) originating from ovarian metastatic tumor cells. Analysis of the cultured cells during their in vitro adaptation period revealed while the primary culture exhibited a low proportion of CEA-positive cells, this proportion increased with culture passages and eventually more than 90% of the cells in the established line were CEA-positive. Thus, during the period of adaptation to in vitro growth, a selection for CEA-positive cells took place but the amount of CEA secreted per each positive cell seemed to be constant. Several tumor-associated characteristics were found positive on the established OV-1063 cell line. The in vitro growing cell line exhibited an abnormal chromosome pattern with a near-trisomy karyotype for some chromosomes, colony formation in soft agar as well as positive staining with a monoclonal antibody B38.1. Culture supernatants of the OV-1063 cells contained significant amounts of CEA as well as CA-125 antigen which is an ovarian-carcinoma-associated antigen.

Topics: Agar; Antigens, Neoplasm; Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; Ascitic Fluid; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Cell Line; Culture Media; Cystadenocarcinoma; Female; Humans; Karyotyping; Keratins; Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; Middle Aged; Ovarian Neoplasms

We studied the expression of cytoskeletal intermediate filaments in different types of ovarian and uterine sarcomas and carcinomas. In both uterine and ovarian leiomyosarcomas, in endometrial stromal sarcomas, and also in ovarian sarcomas, most tumor cells appeared to be positive for desmin, the muscle type of intermediate filament protein. In most of the tumors, vimentin was present only in some neoplastic cells and in the vascular endothelia. Interestingly, both uterine and ovarian malignant mixed mesodermal tumors appeared to express several types of intermediate filaments, most of the stromal cells being positive for vimentin or desmin, and the epithelial component expressing keratin. The results show that most of the sarcomatous tumors of the ovary and uterus express mainly muscle type of intermediate filament protein. The results also demonstrate the ability of cells of mesodermal origin to express epithelial cytoskeleton markers--cytokeratins.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Cystadenocarcinoma; Desmin; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Intermediate Filament Proteins; Keratins; Leiomyosarcoma; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Ovarian Neoplasms; Sarcoma; Uterine Neoplasms; Vimentin