bromochloroacetic-acid and Central-Nervous-System-Diseases

This report is the first description of a spinal epidermoid cyst (EC) in a SJL mouse and gives an overview on the occurrence of ECs in animals including dogs, horses, mice and rats. The EC was not detected grossly and the mouse did not display clinical signs or an altered rotarod performance. Microscopically, there was an oval cyst lined by stratified squamous epithelium that was attached to the dorsolateral meninges and caused moderate compression of the adjacent lumbar spinal cord. ECs in mice and rats are mainly located in the caudal part of the spinal cord with a variable, strain-dependent occurrence. ECs in mice and rats are not associated with clinical signs and can be interpreted as incidental findings.

Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System Diseases; Dogs; Epidermal Cyst; Female; Incidental Findings; Keratins; Lumbar Vertebrae; Meninges; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Motor Activity; Rats; Rodent Diseases; Species Specificity; Spinal Cord Compression

Immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase (peroxidase-antiperoxidase, PAP) techniques for the demonstration of neural and non-neural cell markers are contributing greatly to increase the diagnostic accuracy of difficult tumors of the central nervous system. Well characterized nervous system markers include glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein, the three protein subunits of neurofilaments, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), myelin basic protein, and S-100 protein. The most important and reliable of these is GFA protein, which is widely in use for the immunohistochemical diagnosis of tumors of the glioma group. Its many practical applications are reviewed and illustrated. Other neural markers, in particular the specificity of NSE and S-100 protein, need to be critically evaluated. Problems related to the immunohistochemical diagnosis of central neuroepithelial tumors of putative neuroblastic origin remain complex and still need to be resolved. Non-neural markers, such as vimentin, desmin, cytokeratins, Factor VIII, alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, and immunoglobulins have well defined, although more restricted, applications in surgical neuropathology.

Topics: alpha-Fetoproteins; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens; Carcinoma; Central Nervous System Diseases; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Cytoskeleton; Desmin; Factor VIII; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immune Sera; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Immunoglobulins; Intermediate Filament Proteins; Keratins; Lymphoma; Medical Oncology; Meningeal Neoplasms; Myelin Basic Protein; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Neurology; Oligodendroglia; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase; S100 Proteins; Sarcoma; Vascular Diseases; Vimentin; von Willebrand Factor

This report concerns the immunohistochemical characterization of 6 cases of thin-walled cysts in the central nervous system (enterogenous cyst, paraphyseal neuroepithelial cyst, Rathke's cleft cyst and arachnoid cyst). Antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S-100 protein, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), keratin (KER) and vimentin (VIM) were used. The enterogenous cyst was positive for KER, EMA and CEA. The neuroepithelial cyst of paraphyseal origin was positive for KER and S-100. The three Rathke's cleft cysts were positive for KER and EMA, but negative for S-100 and CEA, and the arachnoid cyst was positive for EMA and VIM. A unified concept and classification of the types of cysts studied based on immunohistochemical assays are proposed.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Central Nervous System Diseases; Cysts; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Male; Membrane Glycoproteins; Middle Aged; Mucin-1; Vimentin

A variety of epithelial cysts in the central nervous system were examined immunohistochemically for expression of cytokeratins. Colloid cysts, Rathke's cleft cysts and epithelial cysts in the spinal canal expressed complex type cytokeratins, while enterogenous cysts and neuroectodermal cysts showed only simple type cytokeratins. Colloid cysts showed a pattern of cytokeratins similar to that of upper respiratory tract which is endodermal in origin. In contrast, Rathke's cleft cysts showed a pattern of cytokeratins similar to that of the adenohypophysis and salivary gland which are ectodermal in origin. The CK immunohistochemical studies are discussed with regards to diagnostic significance and origins of their cysts.

Topics: Adult; Central Nervous System Diseases; Cerebral Ventricles; Child, Preschool; Cranial Fossa, Posterior; Craniopharyngioma; Cysts; Fetal Diseases; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Pituitary Neoplasms; Reference Values; Sella Turcica; Spinal Canal

Twenty one cases of epithelial cysts in the central nervous system including six colloid cysts of the third ventricle, eight Rathke's cleft cysts in the sella, two enterogenous cysts in the posterior fossa, two epithelial cysts in the spinal canal and three neuroectodermal cysts in the cerebrum were examined immunohistochemically for expression of intermediate filamentous proteins-simple type, stratified type and skin type cytokeratins and GFAP. Colloid cysts of the third ventricle. Rathke's cleft cysts in the sella and epithelial cysts in the spinal canal expressed complexed type cytokeratins while enterogenous cysts and neuroectodermal cysts showed only simple type cytokeratins. In addition, several Rathke's cleft cysts demonstrated skin type differentiation and expressed GFAP in occasional lining cells. The characteristic composition and distribution of cytokeratins in various kinds of epithelial cysts in the central nervous system are demonstrated and discussed with regards to their origins.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Central Nervous System Diseases; Child, Preschool; Craniopharyngioma; Cysts; Epithelium; Female; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Male; Middle Aged; Pituitary Neoplasms