brivudine and Virus-Diseases

During the last three decades, a better understanding of viral replication and disease states caused by viral infections have led to the development of newer antiviral agents with enhanced activity and better tolerability. This review focuses on newer systemic and topical antiviral agents that are used in treatment of herpes viruses including herpes simplex type-1 (HSV-1) and type-2 (HSV-2), varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and cytomegalovirus CMV) as well as the human papilloma virus (HPV). Included in this article are the agents famciclovir, penciclovir, valganciclovir, imiquimod, docosanole and brivudin.

Topics: 2-Aminopurine; Acyclovir; Aminoquinolines; Antiviral Agents; Bromodeoxyuridine; Famciclovir; Fatty Alcohols; Ganciclovir; Guanine; Humans; Imiquimod; Valganciclovir; Virus Diseases

Topics: Acyclovir; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Bromodeoxyuridine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Guanine; Hepatitis B; Herpesviridae Infections; Humans; Interferons; Ketones; Neoplasms; Phosphonoacetic Acid; Vidarabine; Virus Diseases

Topics: Acyclovir; Adenine; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Arabinonucleosides; Bromodeoxyuridine; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Cytarabine; Deoxyuridine; Guanine; Herpesviridae Infections; Humans; Idoxuridine; Nucleosides; Ribavirin; Thymidine; Virus Diseases; Viruses

After a discussion of the principles of antiviral chemotherapy, treatment and chemoprophylaxis of the following virus infections are reviewed in detail: the various manifestations of herpes simplex virus infections, varicella-zoster, cytomegalovirus infections, Epstein-Barr virus infections, laryngeal papillomas, and influenza A. Special reference is made to the treatment of immunocompromized patients. Acycloguanosine (acyclovir) has been found particularly useful in the treatment of herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus infections in immunocompromized patients and for herpesencephalitis. Varicella-zoster can also be treated effectively with bromovinyldeoxyuridine (BVDU). Toxicity of the currently used antiviral drugs is discussed as well as the problem of drug resistance.

Topics: Acyclovir; Antiviral Agents; Bromodeoxyuridine; Chickenpox; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Double-Blind Method; Encephalitis; Female; Herpes Genitalis; Herpes Simplex; Herpes Zoster; Humans; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Infant, Newborn; Pemphigoid Gestationis; Pregnancy; Vidarabine; Virus Diseases

Topics: Acyclovir; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Bromodeoxyuridine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Guanine; Hepatitis B; Herpesviridae Infections; Humans; Interferons; Ketones; Neoplasms; Phosphonoacetic Acid; Vidarabine; Virus Diseases

A series of aryl bis(3'-O-acetylthymidin-5'-yl) phosphate derivatives have been synthesized in order to find a suitable aryl derivative which would hydrolyze to the bis(nucleosid-5'-yl) phosphate under physiological conditions. The 4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl derivative was selected and 4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl bis[(E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridin-5'-yl] phosphate (6d) and bis[2-(guanin-9-ylmethoxy)ethoxy]-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl phosphate (7b) were prepared. The former compound (6d) was stable in human serum and only following hydrolysis to the 5'-5'-linked diester (half-life of 17 h at pH 7.7) was it enzymatically degraded very rapidly by phosphodiesterases. Compounds 6d and 7b were evaluated for antiherpesvirus effects, both in vitro and in vivo. Their antiviral spectrum and potency was remarkably similar to that of (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVDU) and 9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)-methyl]guanine (ACV), suggesting that they only act as prodrugs of BVDU and ACV, respectively. However, compound 6d did show unexpected toxicity, which could be explained by the liberation of BVDUMP following penetration of the triester into the cell.

Topics: Acyclovir; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Cells, Cultured; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Deoxyuracil Nucleotides; HIV Infections; Mice; Prodrugs; Rabbits; Structure-Activity Relationship; Virus Diseases

For immunocompromised patients virus infections represent a definite risk, particularly infections with measles virus and viruses of the herpes group (primary infections or reactivations). Vidarabine, acyclovir and bromovinyldeoxyuridine are therapeutically active against varicella, zoster, and herpes simplex, provided they are administered early in the course of disease. For zoster at least, the efficacy of interferon has been documented in controlled studies. No convincing therapy is so far available for the severe cytomegalovirus infections. Interferons obtained with DNA recombinant techniques are of significant promise in the near future.

Topics: Acyclovir; Antiviral Agents; Bromodeoxyuridine; Chickenpox; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Herpes Simplex; Herpes Zoster; Humans; Immune System Diseases; Vidarabine; Virus Diseases