bl1521 and Breast-Neoplasms

The efficacy of epigenetic drugs, such as histone deacetylase inhibitors, is often diminished by poor aqueous solubility resulting in limited bioavailability and a low therapeutic index. To overcome the suboptimal therapeutic index, we have developed a biocompatible starch nanoparticle formulation of CG-1521, a histone deacetylase inhibitor in preclinical development for hard-to-treat breast cancers, which improves its bioavailability and half-life.. The physicochemical parameters (size, zeta potential, morphology, loading, and release kinetics) of these nanoparticles (CG-NPs) have been optimized and their cytotoxic and apoptotic capacities measured in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. The mechanism of action of the encapsulated drug was compared with the free drug at molecular level.. We show that encapsulation of CG-1521 substantially reduces the release rate of drug and provides a significantly enhanced cytotoxic ability of nanoparticles compared with equivalent dose of free CG-1521. CG-NPs induced cell cycle arrest and significant apoptosis in MCF-7 cells in vitro. The biological action of encapsulated drug has the similar impact with free drug on gene expression.. The findings suggest that encapsulation of CG-1521 into starch nanoparticles can improve drug delivery of histone deacetylase inhibitors for breast cancer therapy without interfering with the mechanism of action of the drug.

Topics: Apoptosis; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Cycle; DNA Fragmentation; Drug Liberation; Female; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; Humans; Hydroxamic Acids; Kinetics; MCF-7 Cells; Nanoparticles; RNA, Messenger; Solubility; Starch; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53

Histone deacetylase inhibitors are currently being evaluated for their therapeutic potential and have shown considerable promise as adjuvant therapies for a number of cancers. This study compared the effects of 2 hydroxamic acid based inhibitors, CG-1521 and SAHA, on gene expression, cell cycle and cell death in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Both compounds show a dose- and time-dependent effect on cell number (evaluated using crystal violet), however CG-1521 exerts its effects significantly earlier than SAHA, and CG-1521 induces apoptosis (assessed by Apo-BrdU staining and flow cytometry) more rapidly than SAHA. qPCR of cell cycle regulatory and apoptotic genes shows that CG-1521 and SAHA modulate similar cohorts of p53-responsive genes, however, the levels of induction and the timing of the induction differs significantly between the 2 inhibitors. In particular SAHA downregulates cell cycle-associated genes that modulate the G1/S transition (including cyclin D1 and cdc25a) and the G2/M transition [cyclin B1, Plk1, Stk6 (serine-threonine kinase 6, Aurora kinase A) and Kntc2] more significantly than CG-1521. In contrast, CG-1521 significantly induces the expression of several p53 target genes associated with apoptosis including Bnip3/Bnip3L, p21/p21B and Gdf15. The differential levels of gene induction provide molecular evidence of both cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and suggest a molecular mechanism that explains the difference in the biological effects of the 2 histone deacetylase inhibitors.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Cycle; Cell Cycle Proteins; Cell Line, Tumor; Centrosome; Down-Regulation; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Genes, p53; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; Humans; Hydroxamic Acids; Spindle Apparatus; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; Vorinostat

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (HDACi) of the class I trichostatin A (TSA), CG1521 (CG), and PXD101 (PXD) were incorporated at a high rate (approximately 1mM) in liposomes made of egg phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol/distearoylphosphoethanolamine-polyethylenglycol(2000) (64:30:6). Physicochemical parameters (size, zeta potential, loading, stability, release kinetics) of these HDACi-loaded pegylated liposomes were optimized and their cytotoxicity (MTT test) was measured in MCF-7, T47-D, MDA-MB-231 and SkBr3 breast cancer cell lines. In MCF-7 cells, TSA and PXD were efficient inducers of proteasome-mediated estradiol receptor alpha degradation and they both affected estradiol-induced transcription (TSA>PXD) contrary to CG. Moreover, TSA most efficiently altered breast cancer cell viability as compared to the free drug, CG-liposomes being the weakest, while unloaded liposomes had nearly no cytotoxicity. Pegylated liposomes loaded with TSA or PXD remained stable in size, charge and biological activity for one month when stored at 4 degrees C. All HDACi-loaded liposomes released slowly the encapsulated drug in vitro, CG-loaded liposomes showed the slowest release kinetic. These formulations could improve the efficacy of HDACi not only in breast cancers but also in other solid tumors because most of these drugs are poor water soluble and unstable in vivo, and their administration remains a challenge.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Chemical Phenomena; Drug Carriers; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Stability; Estradiol; Estrogen Receptor alpha; Female; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; Humans; Hydroxamic Acids; Liposomes; Particle Size; Sulfonamides