bixin and Chemical-and-Drug-Induced-Liver-Injury

The effects of annatto seeds and of bixin on the oxidative damage induced by cisplatin in male Wistar rats was evaluated in the present study by way of lipid peroxidation, weight gain, the food efficiency coefficient, fat deposits in the hepatocytes and dosing of the enzymes in this organ. The animals were divided into four groups: control group (CG), cisplatin group (CPG), bixin+cisplatin group (CBG) and annatto+cisplatin group (CUG). Cisplatin (5 mg/kg body weight) was injected intraperitoneally 48 hours before the end of the experiment. The bixin and annatto were administered daily together with the commercial feed. The pre-treatment with annatto and bixin attenuated the cisplatin-induced liver damage and significantly reduced the enzymes AST and ALT. Annatto was shown to be capable of inhibiting lipid peroxidation as determined by TBARS. These results suggest that annatto seeds and bixin could be important agents in the reduction of cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity.

Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Antioxidants; Bixaceae; Carotenoids; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cisplatin; Hepatocytes; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Malondialdehyde; Oxidation-Reduction; Plant Extracts; Rats, Wistar; Seeds; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances

In the present study, a natural antioxidant drug, bixin was loaded into solid lipid nanoparticles using trimyristin and glycerol monostearate as different lipid matrices and soya and egg lecithin as stabilizers. Developed bixin SLNs were characterized including in vitro drug release and in vivo evaluation of hepatoprotective activity using Wistar rats. Bixin SLNs were prepared by hot homogenisation followed by ultrasonication technique. The particle size ranged from 135.5-352.8 nm with PDI 0.185-0.572. Zeta potential of bixin SLNs was -17.9 to -36.5 mV. Bixin was successfully incorporated into SLNs with entrapment efficiency above 99% and loading efficiency maximum 17.96%. There was no interaction of bixin with selected lipids TM and GMS, confirmed by FTIR studies. DSC studies revealed that preparation method did not change crystallinity of bixin and TM whereas GMS crystallinity was reduced. In vitro drug release studies in Sorensen buffer, pH 7.7 exhibited initial burst effect followed by a sustained release of bixin. Drug release kinetic studies showed that the release was first order diffusion controlled and the n-values obtained from the Korsmeyer-Peppas model indicated the release mechanism was non-Fickian type. In vivo studies revealed better treatment of paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity by bixin SLNs indicating significant localisation of them in liver.

Topics: Acetaminophen; Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Antioxidants; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Carotenoids; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Drug Carriers; Drug Compounding; Glutathione; Glycerides; Lecithins; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Nanoparticles; Rats, Wistar; Triglycerides

The liver is an important organ for its ability to transform xenobiotics, making the liver tissue a prime target for toxic substances. The carotenoid bixin present in annatto is an antioxidant that can protect cells and tissues against the deleterious effects of free radicals. In this study, we evaluated the protective effect of bixin on liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats.. The animals were divided into four groups with six rats in each group. CCl4 (0.125 mL kg(-1) body wt.) was injected intraperitoneally, and bixin (5.0 mg kg(-1) body wt.) was given by gavage 7 days before the CCl4 injection. Bixin prevented the liver damage caused by CCl4, as noted by the significant decrease in serum aminotransferases release. Bixin protected the liver against the oxidizing effects of CCl4 by preventing a decrease in glutathione reductase activity and the levels of reduced glutathione and NADPH. The peroxidation of membrane lipids and histopathological damage of the liver was significantly prevented by bixin treatment.. Therefore, we can conclude that the protective effect of bixin against hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4 is related to the antioxidant activity of the compound.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Bixaceae; Carbon Tetrachloride; Carotenoids; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Glutathione; Glutathione Reductase; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Male; Malondialdehyde; NADP; Oxidative Stress; Plant Extracts; Rats, Wistar; Reactive Oxygen Species; Transaminases