bivalirudin and Anterior-Wall-Myocardial-Infarction

Infarct size after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is associated with long-term clinical outcomes. However, there is insufficient information correlating creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) or troponin levels to infarct size and infarct location in first-time occurrence of STEMI. We, therefore, assessed the utility of CK-MB measurements after primary percutaneous coronary intervention of a first anterior STEMI using bivalirudin anticoagulation in patients who were randomized to intralesion abciximab versus no abciximab and to manual thrombus aspiration versus no aspiration. Infarct size (as a percentage of total left ventricular [LV] mass) and LV ejection fraction (LVEF) were evaluated by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging at 30 days and correlated to peak CK-MB. Peak CK-MB (median 240 IU/L; interquartile range 126 to 414) was significantly associated with infarct size and with LVEF (r = 0.67, p <0.001; r = -0.56, p <0.001, respectively). A large infarct size (greater than or equal the median, defined as 17% of total LV mass) and LVEF ≤40% were more common in the highest peak CK-MB tertile group than in the other tertiles (87.6% vs 49.5% vs 9.1%, p <0.001; 43.2% vs 14.0% vs 4.6%, p <0.001, respectively). Peak CK-MB of at least 300 IU/L predicted with moderate accuracy both a large infarct size (area under the curve 0.88) and an LVEF ≤40% (area under the curve 0.78). Furthermore, CK-MB was an independent predictor of 1-year major adverse cardiac events (hazard ratio 1.42 per each additional 100 IU/L [1.20 to 1.67], p <0.001). In conclusion, CK-MB measurement is useful in estimating infarct size and LVEF and in predicting 1-year clinical outcomes after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for first anterior STEMI.

Topics: Abciximab; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Anticoagulants; Creatine Kinase, MB Form; Female; Hirudins; Humans; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; Male; Peptide Fragments; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Predictive Value of Tests; Recombinant Proteins; Stroke Volume; Thrombectomy; Treatment Outcome; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left

Our aim was to study the impact of delay from symptom onset to first coronary device on infarct size and clinical outcomes at 30 days and 1 year in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention.. Longer delay from symptom onset to reperfusion has been linked to increased mortality and worse clinical outcome. The mechanisms underpinning this association are not entirely clear.. The INFUSE-AMI trial (INFUSE-Anterior Myocardial Infarction) randomized patients with anterior STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention with bivalirudin anticoagulation within 5 h of symptom onset to intralesion (IL) bolus abciximab versus no abciximab and to thrombus aspiration versus no aspiration. The primary endpoint was contrast magnetic resonance infarct size (IS) (percentage of left ventricular mass) at 30 days. Time to reperfusion was classified as <3 versus ≥3 h.. There were 280 patients (62%) with <3-h delay and 170 patients (38%) with ≥3-h delay. Patients with longer delay were significantly older, more often women, and diabetic. Earlier reperfusion was not associated with higher rates of final Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction flow grade 3 or myocardial blush grade 2/3, but was an independent predictor of smaller IS (p = 0.02 by multivariable linear regression). Mortality at 1 year was reduced in patients with shorter delay to reperfusion (4.0% vs. 9.2%, p = 0.02).. In patients with large anterior myocardial infarction undergoing relatively early reperfusion, longer delays to reperfusion were associated with larger IS and 1-year mortality, but not with reduced reperfusion success. (The INFUSE - Anterior Myocardial Infarction [AMI] Study; NCT00976521).

Topics: Abciximab; Aged; Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antithrombins; Chi-Square Distribution; Coronary Circulation; Female; Hirudins; Humans; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Linear Models; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Myocardium; Peptide Fragments; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Predictive Value of Tests; Recombinant Proteins; Risk Factors; Suction; Thrombectomy; Time Factors; Time-to-Treatment; Treatment Outcome; United States

Lead V(1) directly faces the right ventricle and may exhibit ST elevation during an acute inferior myocardial infarction when the right ventricle is also involved. Leads V(1) and V(3) indirectly face the posterolateral left ventricle, and ST depression ("mirror-image" ST elevation) in V(1) through V(3) may reflect concomitant posterolateral infarction. The prognostic significance of V(1) ST elevation during an acute inferior myocardial infarction may therefore be dependent on V(3) ST changes.. In 7967 patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction in the Hirulog and Early Reperfusion or Occlusion-2 (HERO-2) trial, V(1) ST levels were analyzed with adjustment for lead V(3) ST level for predicting 30-day mortality. V(1) ST elevation at baseline, analyzed as a continuous variable, was associated with higher mortality. Unadjusted, each 0.5-mm-step increase in ST level above the isoelectric level was associated with approximately 25% increase in 30-day mortality; this was true whether V(3) ST depression was present or not. The odds ratio for mortality was 1.21 (95% confidence interval, 1.07 to 1.37) after adjustment for inferolateral ST elevation and clinical factors and 1.24 (95% confidence interval, 1.09 to 1.40) if also adjusted for V(3) ST level. In contrast, lead V(1) ST depression was not associated with mortality after adjustment for V(3) ST level. V(1) ST elevation >or=1 mm, analyzed dichotomously in all patients, was associated with higher mortality. The odds ratio was 1.28 (95% confidence interval, 1.01 to 1.61) unadjusted, 1.51 (95% confidence interval, 1.19 to 1.92) adjusted for V(3) ST level, and 1.35 (95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 1.76) adjusted for ECG and clinical factors. Persistence of V(1) ST elevation >or=1 mm 60 minutes after fibrinolysis was associated with higher mortality (10.8% versus 5.5%, P=0.001).. V(1) ST elevation identifies patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction who are at higher risk.

Topics: Aged; Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction; Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Bundle-Branch Block; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electrocardiography; Female; Fibrinolytic Agents; Heparin; Hirudins; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Peptide Fragments; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Recombinant Proteins; Risk Factors; Streptokinase

To evaluate the clinical, angiographic, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) results in patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).. DM has been associated with increased mortality in patients with STEMI, yet the mechanisms underpinning this association have not been completely elucidated.. Overall, 451 patients (51 diabetics) from the INFUSE-AMI trial were studied. They presented with an anterior STEMI due to an occluded left anterior descending artery (LAD) and underwent bivalirudin-supported primary PCI with or without intralesion abciximab and with or without thrombus aspiration. Angiographic baseline and post-procedure parameters, cMRI at 30 days, and clinical follow-up at 30 days and at 1 year were compared between diabetic and nondiabetic patients.. Patients with DM had significantly more comorbidities and more extensive LAD disease than nondiabetics. Primary PCI was equally effective in restoring coronary flow in both groups and the infarct size at 30 days was similar (14.3% [7.1, 24.5] vs. 17.3% [8.1, 23.6], respectively, P = 0.55). Diabetic patients had more major cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events at 1 year (16.5% vs. 8.0%, P = 0.04). Stent thrombosis within 30 days after primary PCI was higher in diabetic than in nondiabetic subjects (4.3% vs. 0.8%, P = 0.03).. Patients with DM presenting with STEMI had a higher baseline risk profile than those without DM. Although reperfusion success and infarct size were similar, diabetic patients experienced more death, reinfarction, stent thrombosis, and revascularization than nondiabetics.

Topics: Abciximab; Aged; Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antithrombins; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Thrombosis; Diabetes Complications; Female; Hirudins; Humans; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Peptide Fragments; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Recombinant Proteins; Recurrence; Retrospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Suction; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome