Page last updated: 2024-10-23

bisoprolol and Ventricular Dysfunction, Left

bisoprolol has been researched along with Ventricular Dysfunction, Left in 37 studies

Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS.

Ventricular Dysfunction, Left: A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"In patients with depressed < or =35% ejection fraction after acute myocardial infarction treatment with low doses of metoprolol, bisoprolol and cardvediolol did not reduce mortality rate in 24-month observation."9.12[Effect of low doses of metoprolol, bisoprolol and carvedilol on mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction]. ( Chizyński, K; Goch, JH; Maciejewski, M; Ptaszyński, P; Ruta, J, 2006)
"The study aimed to investigate the effects of the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor empagliflozin on chronic heart failure (HF) in normoglycemic rats."7.96Comparative efficacy of empagliflozin and drugs of baseline therapy in post-infarct heart failure in normoglycemic rats. ( Ivkin, D; Karpov, A; Kaschina, E; Krasnova, M; Kulikov, A; Okovityi, S; Smirnov, A, 2020)
"The objective of this study was to establish the benefit of bisoprolol up-titration toward recommended dosage targets, versus lower-dose maintenance, in heart failure (HF) patients with systolic dysfunction."7.83Beneficial Effect on Surrogate Markers of Heart Failure with Bisoprolol Up-Titration to Recommended Targets in Korean Patients with Heart Failure and Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction. ( Cha, TJ; Choi, DJ; Choi, SW; Han, SW; Hwang, KK; Jeon, H; Kim, HJ; Kim, JH; Kim, SH; Kim, YJ; Ryu, KH; Shim, WJ; Shin, MS; Yoo, BS, 2016)
"to evaluate of the effectiveness of switching from beta-adrenoblockers (BAB) non-included into the guidelines for the management of chronic heart failure (CHF) to nebivolol and bisoprolol for outpatients."5.14[Optimization of use of beta-adrenoblockers in the treatment of chronic heart failure in the outpatient setting]. ( Ageev, FT; Blankova, ZN; Kheĭmets, GI; Kuz'mina, AE; Ovchinnikov, AG; Patrusheva, IF; Seredenina, EM; Zhubrina, ES, 2009)
"In patients with depressed < or =35% ejection fraction after acute myocardial infarction treatment with low doses of metoprolol, bisoprolol and cardvediolol did not reduce mortality rate in 24-month observation."5.12[Effect of low doses of metoprolol, bisoprolol and carvedilol on mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction]. ( Chizyński, K; Goch, JH; Maciejewski, M; Ptaszyński, P; Ruta, J, 2006)
" Studies investigating any of three beta blockers (carvedilol, bisoprolol, and extended release metoprolol succinate) which are known to be effective in adult patients with heart failure were included."4.91Effects of beta-blockers for congestive heart failure in pediatric and congenital heart disease patients: a meta-analysis of published studies. ( Cho, MJ; Jung Kwak, M; Kim, HY; Kim, YM; Lee, HD; Lim, RK; Park, KH, 2015)
"The study aimed to investigate the effects of the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor empagliflozin on chronic heart failure (HF) in normoglycemic rats."3.96Comparative efficacy of empagliflozin and drugs of baseline therapy in post-infarct heart failure in normoglycemic rats. ( Ivkin, D; Karpov, A; Kaschina, E; Krasnova, M; Kulikov, A; Okovityi, S; Smirnov, A, 2020)
"The objective of this study was to establish the benefit of bisoprolol up-titration toward recommended dosage targets, versus lower-dose maintenance, in heart failure (HF) patients with systolic dysfunction."3.83Beneficial Effect on Surrogate Markers of Heart Failure with Bisoprolol Up-Titration to Recommended Targets in Korean Patients with Heart Failure and Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction. ( Cha, TJ; Choi, DJ; Choi, SW; Han, SW; Hwang, KK; Jeon, H; Kim, HJ; Kim, JH; Kim, SH; Kim, YJ; Ryu, KH; Shim, WJ; Shin, MS; Yoo, BS, 2016)
"Baroreflex sensitivity was assessed in 287 patients with history of myocardial infarction and left ventricular ejection fraction < or =40% by phenylephrine test and was found to be depressed (4."3.72[Correction of baroreflex sensitivity impairment and efficacy of prevention of sudden arrhythmic death in patients with postinfarction left ventricular dysfunction]. ( Bozhko, AA; Kanopskiĭ, SG; Staritskiĭ, AG, 2004)
"To determine tolerability and symptom changes associated with the introduction of bisoprolol treatment in older patients with heart failure."3.71Beta blockers in older persons with heart failure: tolerability and impact on quality of life. ( Baxter, AJ; Gray, CS; Hildreth, A; Karimova, G; O'Connell, JE; Spensley, A, 2002)
"Beta-blockers substantially improve survival in patients with chronic heart failure (HF) with left ventricular systolic dysfunction, but concerns about cardiovascular adverse effects may deter physicians from prescribing this therapy."2.71Adverse effects of beta-blocker therapy for patients with heart failure: a quantitative overview of randomized trials. ( Coffey, CS; Curtis, JP; Foody, JM; Hebert, PR; Ko, DT; Krumholz, HM; Sedrakyan, A, 2004)
"β-blockers are an important treatment of heart failure (HF) and are useful in reducing the progression of the syndrome."2.48β-blockers in stage B: a precursor of heart failure. ( Francis, GS; Sarraf, M, 2012)
" We analyze the problems with the trial design of COMET from the standpoint of comparing 2 therapeutic agents at different positions on a common dose-response curve, and discuss the theoretical reasons why postjunctional adrenergic receptor blockade that is in addition to beta1-receptor antagonism will likely produce only minimal or no incremental benefit in chronic heart failure."2.42Selective versus nonselective beta-blockade for heart failure therapy: are there lessons to be learned from the COMET trial? ( Adams, KF; Bristow, MR; Feldman, AM; Goldstein, S, 2003)
" To date, controlled clinical trials performed in more than 13,000 patients with chronic heart failure have consistently shown that the long term administration of beta-blockers is associated with significant improvement in left ventricular function, clinical symptoms, and survival."2.41[Role of beta-blockers in the treatment of chronic heart heart failure]. ( Czuriga, I; Edes, I, 2001)
"It remains unclear whether dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a primary feature of ATS."1.43Reversible Dilated Cardiomyopathy Caused by a High Burden of Ventricular Arrhythmias in Andersen-Tawil Syndrome. ( Duff, HJ; Ferrier, RA; Gerull, B; Guo, J; Rezazadeh, S, 2016)
"A metoprolol therapy was established, however to resistant tachycardia, we suggested a combined therapy of Bisoprolol and Ivabradin, which resulted successfully in normocard sinus rhythm."1.40[A heart without overspeed trip unit]. ( Gähwiler, R; Ghadri, JR; Lüscher, TF; Templin, C, 2014)
" After a slow increase in the dosage to 10 mg enalapril/day and 2."1.36Recovery of systolic dysfunction in duchenne muscular dystrophy due to the point mutation c.4213C>T. ( Finsterer, J; Holinski-Feder, E; Stöllberger, C, 2010)

Research

Studies (37)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's3 (8.11)18.2507
2000's19 (51.35)29.6817
2010's11 (29.73)24.3611
2020's4 (10.81)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Yokota, T1
Koiwa, H1
Matsushima, S1
Tsujinaga, S1
Naya, M1
Morisaki, H1
Morisaki, T1
Sharma, K1
Desai, H1
Sharm, N1
Laddha, M1
Hansora, K1
Vazirani, P1
Watanabe, T1
Imai, Y1
Morita, E1
Okuyama, T1
Watanabe, H1
Yokota, A1
Komori, T1
Kabutoya, T1
Shimpo, M1
Hachiya, H1
Kario, K1
Krasnova, M1
Kulikov, A1
Okovityi, S1
Ivkin, D1
Karpov, A1
Kaschina, E2
Smirnov, A1
Springer, J1
Tschirner, A1
Haghikia, A1
von Haehling, S1
Lal, H1
Grzesiak, A1
Palus, S1
Pötsch, M1
von Websky, K1
Hocher, B1
Latouche, C1
Jaisser, F1
Morawietz, L1
Coats, AJ1
Beadle, J1
Argiles, JM1
Thum, T1
Földes, G1
Doehner, W1
Hilfiker-Kleiner, D1
Force, T1
Anker, SD1
Gähwiler, R1
Templin, C1
Lüscher, TF1
Ghadri, JR1
Tanaka, H1
Matsumoto, K1
Sawa, T1
Miyoshi, T1
Motoji, Y1
Imanishi, J1
Mochizuki, Y1
Tatsumi, K1
Hirata, K1
Cho, MJ1
Lim, RK1
Jung Kwak, M1
Park, KH1
Kim, HY1
Kim, YM1
Lee, HD1
Han, SW1
Choi, SW1
Ryu, KH1
Kim, HJ1
Kim, SH1
Shim, WJ1
Cha, TJ1
Choi, DJ1
Kim, YJ1
Yoo, BS1
Kim, JH1
Hwang, KK1
Jeon, H1
Shin, MS1
Rezazadeh, S1
Guo, J1
Duff, HJ1
Ferrier, RA1
Gerull, B1
Das, M1
Allen LaPointe, NM1
Zhou, Y1
Stafford, JA1
Hernandez, AF1
Kramer, JM1
Anstrom, KJ1
Adams, KF2
Duncker, DJ1
Boontje, NM1
Merkus, D1
Versteilen, A1
Krysiak, J1
Mearini, G1
El-Armouche, A1
de Beer, VJ1
Lamers, JM1
Carrier, L1
Walker, LA1
Linke, WA1
Stienen, GJ1
van der Velden, J1
Zhubrina, ES1
Ovchinnikov, AG1
Seredenina, EM1
Patrusheva, IF1
Blankova, ZN1
Kuz'mina, AE1
Kheĭmets, GI1
Ageev, FT1
Remme, WJ1
Finsterer, J1
Stöllberger, C1
Holinski-Feder, E1
Sarraf, M1
Francis, GS1
Patel, H1
Dhillon, G1
Bandali, A1
Patel, N1
Baxter, AJ1
Spensley, A1
Hildreth, A1
Karimova, G1
O'Connell, JE1
Gray, CS1
Podbregar, M1
Voga, G1
Bristow, MR1
Feldman, AM1
Goldstein, S1
Fukuchi, K1
Yasumura, Y1
Kiso, K1
Hayashida, K1
Miyatake, K1
Ishida, Y1
Ko, DT1
Hebert, PR1
Coffey, CS1
Curtis, JP1
Foody, JM1
Sedrakyan, A1
Krumholz, HM1
Kanopskiĭ, SG1
Staritskiĭ, AG1
Bozhko, AA1
Schlosser, T1
Mohrs, OK1
Magedanz, A1
Voigtländer, T1
Schmermund, A1
Barkhausen, J1
Ruta, J1
Ptaszyński, P1
Maciejewski, M1
Goch, JH1
Chizyński, K1
Ennezat, PV1
Gonin, X1
Darchis, J1
De Groote, P1
Lamblin, N1
Bauters, C1
Lejemtel, T1
Asseman, P1
Erne, P1
Schoenenberger, AW1
Zuber, M1
Burckhardt, D1
Kiowski, W1
Dubach, P1
Resink, T1
Pfisterer, M1
Hamaad, A1
Lip, GY1
Nicholls, D1
MacFadyen, RJ1
Strauer, BE1
Schwartzkopff, B1
Segev, A1
Mekori, YA1
McMurray, JJ1
Frantz, RP1
Coutinho, J1
Czuriga, I1
Edes, I1

Reviews

8 reviews available for bisoprolol and Ventricular Dysfunction, Left

ArticleYear
Effects of beta-blockers for congestive heart failure in pediatric and congenital heart disease patients: a meta-analysis of published studies.
    Minerva cardioangiologica, 2015, Volume: 63, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Age Factors; Bisoprolol; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Child; Heart Defects,

2015
Beta-blockers in heart failure: how far have we progressed?
    Postgraduate medicine, 2002, Volume: 112, Issue:5 Suppl Un

    Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Antihypertensive Agents; Bisoprolol; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Contraindi

2002
β-blockers in stage B: a precursor of heart failure.
    Heart failure clinics, 2012, Volume: 8, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Animals; Benzazepines; Bisoprolol; Carbazoles; Cardiovascular System; C

2012
Selective versus nonselective beta-blockade for heart failure therapy: are there lessons to be learned from the COMET trial?
    Journal of cardiac failure, 2003, Volume: 9, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Bisoprolol; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; E

2003
Major beta blocker mortality trials in chronic heart failure: a critical review.
    Heart (British Cardiac Society), 1999, Volume: 82 Suppl 4

    Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bisoprolol; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Female; He

1999
Beta blockade in patients with congestive heart failure. Why, who, and how.
    Postgraduate medicine, 2000, Sep-01, Volume: 108, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Bisoprolol; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Contraindications; Heart Failure; H

2000
[Adrenergic beta inhibitors in heart insufficiency: which and when?].
    Revista portuguesa de cardiologia : orgao oficial da Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia = Portuguese journal of cardiology : an official journal of the Portuguese Society of Cardiology, 2001, Volume: 20 Suppl 3

    Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Bisoprolol; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Heart Failure; Humans; Metoprolol;

2001
[Role of beta-blockers in the treatment of chronic heart heart failure].
    Orvosi hetilap, 2001, Sep-16, Volume: 142, Issue:37

    Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Bisoprolol; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Controlled Clinica

2001

Trials

7 trials available for bisoprolol and Ventricular Dysfunction, Left

ArticleYear
[Optimization of use of beta-adrenoblockers in the treatment of chronic heart failure in the outpatient setting].
    Terapevticheskii arkhiv, 2009, Volume: 81, Issue:11

    Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aged; Ambulatory Care; Benzopyrans; Bisoprolol; Chronic Disease; Ethano

2009
Effect of selective and nonselective beta-blockers on resting energy production rate and total body substrate utilization in chronic heart failure.
    Journal of cardiac failure, 2002, Volume: 8, Issue:6

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aged; Basal Metabolism; Bisoprolol; Blood Pressure; Bod

2002
Gated myocardial SPECT to predict response to beta-blocker therapy in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
    Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2004, Volume: 45, Issue:4

    Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Bisoprolol; Carbazoles; Cardiomyopathy, Dilat

2004
Adverse effects of beta-blocker therapy for patients with heart failure: a quantitative overview of randomized trials.
    Archives of internal medicine, 2004, Jul-12, Volume: 164, Issue:13

    Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aged; Bisoprolol; Bradycardia; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Dizziness; Fatig

2004
[Effect of low doses of metoprolol, bisoprolol and carvedilol on mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction].
    Wiadomosci lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960), 2006, Volume: 59, Issue:9-10

    Topics: Acute Disease; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Bisoprolol;

2006
Effects of anti-ischaemic drug therapy in silent myocardial ischaemia type I: the Swiss Interventional Study on Silent Ischaemia type I (SWISSI I): a randomized, controlled pilot study.
    European heart journal, 2007, Volume: 28, Issue:17

    Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Amlodipine; Bisoprolol; Death, Su

2007
Comparative dose titration responses to the introduction of bisoprolol or carvedilol in stable chronic systolic heart failure.
    Cardiovascular drugs and therapy, 2007, Volume: 21, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Bisoprolol; Blood Pressure; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chroni

2007

Other Studies

22 other studies available for bisoprolol and Ventricular Dysfunction, Left

ArticleYear
Loeys-Dietz Cardiomyopathy? Long-term Follow-up After Onset of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure.
    The Canadian journal of cardiology, 2022, Volume: 38, Issue:3

    Topics: Acute Disease; Bisoprolol; Cardiomegaly; Cardiomyopathies; Cardiovascular Agents; Echocardiography;

2022
To Evaluate the 'Real World' Clinical Performance of Bisoprolol in Post-Myocardial Infarction with Left Ventricular Dysfunction: Tenacity Study.
    The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 2022, Volume: 70, Issue:4

    Topics: Bisoprolol; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Heart Failure; Humans; Lipids; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardia

2022
Time Course of Left Ventricular Pseudoaneurysm After Catheter Ablation of LVOT Tachycardia.
    JACC. Clinical electrophysiology, 2020, Volume: 6, Issue:2

    Topics: Aneurysm, False; Bisoprolol; Cardiovascular Agents; Catheter Ablation; Female; Heart Ventricles; Hum

2020
Comparative efficacy of empagliflozin and drugs of baseline therapy in post-infarct heart failure in normoglycemic rats.
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 2020, Volume: 393, Issue:9

    Topics: Animals; Benzhydryl Compounds; Bisoprolol; Cardiovascular Agents; Chronic Disease; Disease Models, A

2020
Prevention of liver cancer cachexia-induced cardiac wasting and heart failure.
    European heart journal, 2014, Volume: 35, Issue:14

    Topics: Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animals; Bisoprolo

2014
[A heart without overspeed trip unit].
    Praxis, 2014, Apr-23, Volume: 103, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Benzazepines; Bisoprolol; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ech

2014
Evaluation of global circumferential strain as prognostic marker after administration of β-blockers for dilated cardiomyopathy.
    The international journal of cardiovascular imaging, 2014, Volume: 30, Issue:7

    Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Area Under Curve; Bisoprolol; Carbazoles; Cardiomyopathy,

2014
Beneficial Effect on Surrogate Markers of Heart Failure with Bisoprolol Up-Titration to Recommended Targets in Korean Patients with Heart Failure and Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction.
    Cardiovascular therapeutics, 2016, Volume: 34, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists; Aged; Biomarkers; Bisoprolol; Blood Pressure; Drug Administr

2016
Reversible Dilated Cardiomyopathy Caused by a High Burden of Ventricular Arrhythmias in Andersen-Tawil Syndrome.
    The Canadian journal of cardiology, 2016, Volume: 32, Issue:12

    Topics: Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists; Adult; Andersen Syndrome; Bisoprolol; Cardiomyopathy, Dilate

2016
Small benefits in trastuzumab-related cardiotoxicity.
    The Lancet. Oncology, 2017, Volume: 18, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antineoplastic Age

2017
Association between mortality and persistent use of beta blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and coronary artery disease.
    The American journal of cardiology, 2009, Jun-01, Volume: 103, Issue:11

    Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Bisoprolol; Carb

2009
Prevention of myofilament dysfunction by beta-blocker therapy in postinfarct remodeling.
    Circulation. Heart failure, 2009, Volume: 2, Issue:3

    Topics: Actin Cytoskeleton; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Animals; Bisoprolol; Calcium Signaling; Cardiac Myo

2009
Which beta-blocker is most effective in heart failure?
    Cardiovascular drugs and therapy, 2010, Volume: 24, Issue:4

    Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Animals; Benzopyrans; Bisoprolol; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Clinical Tria

2010
Recovery of systolic dysfunction in duchenne muscular dystrophy due to the point mutation c.4213C>T.
    Cardiology, 2010, Volume: 117, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Antihypertensive Agents; Bisoprolol; Drug Therapy, Combination; Enalapril; Humans; Male; Musc

2010
A young patient with heart failure: picture quiz question.
    Acute medicine, 2012, Volume: 11, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Bisoprolol; Blood Chemical Analysis; Drug Therapy, Combination; Echocardiography, Doppler; El

2012
Beta blockers in older persons with heart failure: tolerability and impact on quality of life.
    Heart (British Cardiac Society), 2002, Volume: 88, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bisoprolol; Blood Pressure; Cohort Studies; Dose-

2002
[NMR shows how beta blockers change the failing ventricle. Decreased size and better output performance].
    MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2003, Jun-19, Volume: 145, Issue:25

    Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Bisoprolol; Cardiac Volume; Heart Failure; Humans; Magnetic Resonance S

2003
[Correction of baroreflex sensitivity impairment and efficacy of prevention of sudden arrhythmic death in patients with postinfarction left ventricular dysfunction].
    Kardiologiia, 2004, Volume: 44, Issue:10

    Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Amiodarone; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Anti

2004
Assessment of left ventricular function and mass in patients undergoing computed tomography (CT) coronary angiography using 64-detector-row CT: comparison to magnetic resonance imaging.
    Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987), 2007, Volume: 48, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Bisoprolol; Cardiac Output; Coronary Angiography; Female;

2007
Delayed recovery of left ventricular systolic dysfunction: ''give time to medical therapy''.
    Minerva cardioangiologica, 2007, Volume: 55, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Bisoprolol; Diuretics; Drug T

2007
Objectives of high blood pressure treatment: left ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic function, and coronary reserve.
    American journal of hypertension, 1998, Volume: 11, Issue:7

    Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Arterioles; Bisoprolol; Blood Pressure; Coronary Circulation; Diastole; Dil

1998
The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II.
    Lancet (London, England), 1999, Apr-17, Volume: 353, Issue:9161

    Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Bisoprolol; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Humans; Thrombosis; Ventricular

1999