bimatoprost and Melanosis

Pigmentary disorders are common and can be very distressing to patients. There is a need for better, standardized therapies. The authors review the most recent data for topical, systemic, light, and laser treatments for vitiligo, melasma, and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. There is a paucity of large-scale, well-designed, randomized, controlled trials for these treatments. Treatment options are often drawn from smaller trials and case series. The treatments described in this article are promising candidates for larger follow-up studies.

Topics: alpha-MSH; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Bimatoprost; Dermatologic Agents; Humans; Hydroquinones; Inflammation; Janus Kinase Inhibitors; Keratinocytes; Lasers, Solid-State; Low-Level Light Therapy; Melanocytes; Melanosis; Pigmentation Disorders; Skin Lightening Preparations; Sunscreening Agents; Tranexamic Acid; Vitiligo

Topics: Bimatoprost; Humans; Hypopigmentation; Iatrogenic Disease; Lasers, Solid-State; Melanosis; Skin; Treatment Outcome

To investigate light microscopic and ultrastructural changes in bimatoprost-induced skin hyperpigmentation.. Eyelid biopsy specimens from bimatoprost-treated patients and matched controls were examined by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Using an image analyzer, melanin granules were counted on Fontana-Masson-stained sections, and melanosomes were counted on electron micrographs. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed with antibodies against S100 and CD3. Positively labeled cells were counted.. By light microscopy, a marked increase in the number of melanin granules was noted in the bimatoprost-treated specimens. Electron microscopy demonstrated dermal melanocytes with prominent rough endoplasmic reticulum and abundant normal-sized melanosomes in different stages of maturation as compared with control specimens. Furthermore, the keratinocytes of the bimatoprost-treated specimens showed abundant mature melanosomes when compared with controls. Also of note, atypical melanocytes were absent in both specimens. The S100-positive melanocytes were comparable in bimatoprost-treated and control specimens. Few CD3- and CD68-positive cells in the bimatoprost-treated specimens were noted in both groups.. Bimatoprost-induced periocular hyperpigmentation is caused by increased melanogenesis. There was no evidence of melanocyte proliferation or prostaglandin-induced inflammation in the specimens that were examined.

Topics: Aged; Amides; Antihypertensive Agents; Bimatoprost; Biopsy; CD3 Complex; Cloprostenol; Eyelid Diseases; Female; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Keratinocytes; Lipids; Melanosis; Melanosomes; Middle Aged; S100 Proteins

Topics: Aged; Amides; Antihypertensive Agents; Bimatoprost; Cloprostenol; Eyelid Diseases; Female; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Lipids; Melanosis; Ophthalmic Solutions