big-gastrin and Small-Cell-Lung-Carcinoma

Lung cancer is one of the most common cancer, there is a significant difference between the treatment and prognosis of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). SCLC tumor cells usually express neuroendocrine tumor (NET) markers, among which there are many studies on chromogranin A (CgA), synaptophysin (Syn), neuronspecific enolase (NSE) and pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (Pro-GRP) with SCLC. The levels of CgA, NSE and pro-GRP were related to the stage of SCLC, which were significantly higher in patients with extensive stage than in patients with limited stage, and their expression was significantly correlated with lower survival rate. Syn as an auxiliary diagnostic index of SCLC is more sensitive than CgA, and has high practical value in the differential diagnosis of SCLC and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma; NSE is the most commonly used tumor marker in SCLC; Pro-GRP has stronger diagnostic advantages than CEA and NSE in distinguishing SCLC from NSCLC. Although these net markers are not specific markers of SCLC, their combined use with each others or combined with CT as an auxiliary diagnostic index may improve the level of differential diagnosis of SCLC, and they have a certain value in the staging of the disease, which is very important for the formulation of SCLC treatment strategy, their detection is conducive to the prevention and control of the disease.. 肺癌是常见的癌症之一，小细胞肺癌（SCLC）与非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）在治疗和预后上有显著差异。SCLC的肿瘤细胞可表达一些神经内分泌肿瘤（NET）标志物，其中关于嗜铬粒蛋白A（CgA）与突触素（Syn）和神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）及胃泌素释放肽前体（Pro-GRP）与SCLC的相关研究较多。CgA、NSE及Pro-GRP水平均与SCLC的分期有关，广泛期患者其水平显著高于局限期患者，且其表达与较低的生存率显著相关。Syn作为SCLC的辅助诊断指标时敏感度高于CgA，且在SCLC与低分化鳞癌的鉴别诊断中有较高的实用价值；NSE是目前临床上SCLC中使用最多的肿瘤标志物；Pro-GRP在SCLC与NSCLC的区分上具有强于CEA和NSE的诊断优势。尽管这些NET标志物均不是SCLC的特异性标志物，但它们联合运用或作为辅助诊断指标与CT联合使用或许能提高对SCLC的鉴别诊断水平，且它们在疾病的分期上有一定的价值，而疾病分期对SCLC治疗策略的制定十分重要，它们的检测有利于疾病的预防和控制。.

Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Chromogranin A; Gastrins; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Peptide Fragments; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase; Protein Precursors; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma; Synaptophysin

The diagnostic value of six tumor markers was investigated and the appropriate combinations of those tumor markers to discriminate small cell lung cancer was explored.. Patients suspected with lung cancer (1938) were retrospectively analyzed. Candidate tumor markers from carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), squamous cell carcinoma-related antigen (SCC), cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1 (CYFRA 21-1), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), and progastrin releasing peptide (ProGRP) were selected to construct a logistic regression model. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used for evaluating the diagnostic value of the tumor markers and the predictive model.. ProGRP had the highest positive rate (72.3%) in diagnosed small cell lung cancer, followed by neuron-specific enolase (68.3%), CYFRA21-1 (50.5%), carcinoembryonic antigen (45.5%), tissue polypeptide antigen (30.7%), and squamous cell carcinoma-related antigen (5.9%). The predictive model for small cell lung cancer discrimination was established, which yielded the highest area under the curve (0.888; 95% confidence interval: 0.846-0.929), with a sensitivity of 71.3%, a specificity of 95.0%, a positive predictive value of 49.0%, and a negative predictive value of 98.0%.. Combining tumor markers can improve the efficacy for small cell lung cancer discrimination. A predictive model has been established in small cell lung cancer differential diagnosis with preferable efficacy.

Topics: Antigens, Neoplasm; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Gastrins; Humans; Keratin-19; Lung Neoplasms; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase; Protein Precursors; Retrospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Serpins; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma; Tissue Polypeptide Antigen

Peptide imprinted polymers were developed for detection of progastrin releasing peptide (ProGRP); a low abundant blood based biomarker for small cell lung cancer. The polymers targeted the proteotypic nona-peptide sequence NLLGLIEAK and were used for selective enrichment of the proteotypic peptide prior to LCMS based quantification. Peptide imprinted polymers with the best affinity characteristics were first identified from a 96-polymer combinatorial library. The effects of functional monomers, crosslinker, porogen, and template on adsorption capacity and selectivity for NLLGLIEAK were investigated and optimized. Ultimately, a solid phase extraction method was developed for highly selective enrichment of the target peptide from tryptic digests.

Topics: Adsorption; Amino Acid Sequence; Biomarkers, Tumor; Gastrins; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Molecular Imprinting; Peptides; Protein Precursors; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma; Solid Phase Extraction