betadex and Uveitis

Topics: Administration, Ophthalmic; Aged; beta-Cyclodextrins; Dexamethasone; Eye Infections; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Male; Microscopy, Acoustic; Middle Aged; Nanoparticles; Ophthalmic Solutions; Papilledema; Scleritis; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Uveitis; Visual Acuity; Vitreous Body

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 1.5% dexamethasone nanoparticle (DexNP) drops in eyes with non-infectious uveitic macular oedema and vitritis.. In a prospective pilot study, DexNP drops were administered four times a day for 4 weeks followed by drops tapering over a period of another 4 weeks. Follow-up time was 12 weeks.. Five eyes with macular oedema and three eyes with vitritis were included in the study. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) significantly improved from a median of 0.2 logMAR to a median of 0.15 logMAR at 4 weeks' time (p < 0.05). Median BCVA was 0.175 logMAR and 0.2 logMAR, at week 8 and 12, respectively (p > 0.05). Macular oedema significantly improved at all time-points as compared to baseline (p < 0.05) and resolved in all eyes during follow-up. One eye had macular oedema relapse at week 12. Vitritis improved in all eyes and resolved completely in two eyes. One eye had intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation which was well controlled with topical antihypertensive treatment, and one eye had cataract progression.. This short pilot study demonstrates favourable effect of 1.5% DexNP eye drops on eyes with non-infectious uveitic macular oedema and vitritis. Further comparative long-term studies are warranted to assess this effect.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Aged; beta-Cyclodextrins; Dexamethasone; Eye Diseases; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Macular Edema; Male; Middle Aged; Nanoparticles; Ophthalmic Solutions; Pilot Projects; Prospective Studies; Retina; Uveitis; Visual Acuity; Vitreous Body

To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of the instillation of disulfirum (DSF) eyedrops that enhance solubility using 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) on endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) in rats and mechanisms related to ocular inflammation.. EIU was induced in male Lewis rats by subcutaneous injection of 200 μg lipopolysaccharide (LPS). DSF (0.125%, 0.25% and 0.5%) or commercially available 0.05% dexamethasone (Dexa) was topically applied to both eyes of rats 1 hour before, immediately after, and 1 and 2 hours after injection of LPS. The aqueous humor (AqH) was collected 24 hours after LPS injection, and the number of infiltrating cells, protein concentration, and levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were determined. Immunohistochemical analysis of the iris ciliary body (ICB) cells was performed to determine the expression of activated nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2).. The topical administration with DSF suppressed, in a dose-dependent manner, the number of inflammatory cells, the protein concentration, and the levels of NO, TNF-α and PGE2 in the AqH and improved the histologic status of the ocular tissue. The anti-inflammatory potency of 0.5% DSF treatment was as strong as that of 0.05% Dexa. Topical DSF treatment also suppressed the activated NF-κB 3 hours after LPS injection, and iNOS and COX-2 expression in the ICB 24 hours after LPS injection.. The present results demonstrate that the topical instillation of DSF eyedrops suppresses the inflammation in EIU, suggesting a possible novel approach for the treatment of ocular inflammation.

Topics: 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Aqueous Humor; beta-Cyclodextrins; Dexamethasone; Dinoprostone; Disease Models, Animal; Disulfiram; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; NF-kappa B; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Ophthalmic Solutions; Rats; Rats, Inbred Lew; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Uveitis