beta-carotene and Pre-Eclampsia

Examine the levels of plasma antioxidant vitamins before and during a treatment with placebo or vitamin E + C supplement to prevent preeclampsia (PE).. Per-protocol analysis of a subset group of pregnant women (n = 295) from the International Trial of Antioxidants for the Prevention of PE (INTAPP) randomized case-control study. Normotensive receiving placebo or vitamins (n = 115 and 87 respectively) were compared to gestational hypertension (GH) without proteinuria (n = 30 and 27) and PE (n = 21 and 15). Vitamin quantification was performed at 12-18, 24-26 and 32-34 weeks of gestation.. Coenzyme (Co) Q. Vitamin E + C supplementation was found to increase the α-tocopherol levels by 40% but was associated with a 57% decrease in the γ-tocopherol isoform for all study groups (p < 0.001). The β -carotene was lower in the PE than in the normotensive and GH groups (p < 0.001) while the level of CoQ. A more personalized approach that target the suboptimal levels of specific antioxidants without disturbing the α/γ-tocopherol ratio could be a more successful approach to counteract oxidative stress in PE.

Topics: Adult; alpha-Tocopherol; Antioxidants; beta Carotene; Cohort Studies; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Prenatal Diagnosis; Sensitivity and Specificity; Treatment Outcome; Vitamins

The effect of carotenoids on the risk of preeclampsia (PE) is uncertain. We aimed to examine the associations between the intake of dietary carotenoids and related compounds by pregnant women in China, and the risk of their developing PE.. Four hundred and forty PE cases and 440 age- (± 3 years), gestational age- (± 1 weeks) and gestational diabetes mellitus status- (yes/no) matched healthy controls were recruited from March 2016 to June 2019. Dietary intake of carotenoids was assessed using a 79-item validated food-frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression.. After adjusting for potential confounders, we found that the intake of total carotenoids, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein and zeaxanthin (lut-zea) were negatively associated with the odds of developing PE. Compared with the lowest quartile intake, the multivariate-adjusted OR (95% CI) of the highest quartile intake was 0.29 (0.16-0.54, P. These results indicate that a high intake of total carotenoids, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene and lut-zea may be associated with a low risk of developing PE.

Topics: beta Carotene; Beta-Cryptoxanthin; Carotenoids; Case-Control Studies; Eating; Female; Hospitals; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Logistic Models; Lycopene; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Risk Factors

Increased oxidative stress and immune dysfunction are implicated in preeclampsia (PE) and may contribute to the two- to fourfold increase in PE prevalence among women with type 1 diabetes. Prospective measures of fat-soluble vitamins in diabetic pregnancy are therefore of interest.. Maternal serum carotenoids (α- and β-carotene, lycopene, and lutein) and vitamins A, D, and E (α- and γ-tocopherols) were measured at first (12.2 ± 1.9 weeks [mean ± SD], visit 1), second (21.6 ± 1.5 weeks, visit 2), and third (31.5 ± 1.7 weeks, visit 3) trimesters of pregnancy in 23 women with type 1 diabetes who subsequently developed PE (DM PE+) and 24 women with type 1 diabetes, matched for age, diabetes duration, HbA(1c), and parity, who did not develop PE (DM PE-). Data were analyzed without and with adjustment for baseline differences in BMI, HDL cholesterol, and prandial status.. In unadjusted analysis, in DM PE+ versus DM PE-, α-carotene and β-carotene were 45 and 53% lower, respectively, at visit 3 (P < 0.05), before PE onset. In adjusted analyses, the difference in β-carotene at visit 3 remained significant. Most participants were vitamin D deficient (<20 ng/mL), and vitamin D levels were lower in DM PE+ versus DM PE- throughout the pregnancy, although this did not reach statistical significance.. In pregnant women with type 1 diabetes, low serum α- and β-carotene were associated with subsequent development of PE, and vitamin D deficiency may also be implicated.

Topics: beta Carotene; Carotenoids; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Lycopene; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy in Diabetics; Vitamin A; Vitamin D

Prooxidant-antioxidant factors were studied in the blood of pregnant women with gestosis of different severity. Comparative study showed that activation of peroxidation and decrease in the antioxidant potential depend on the severity of gestosis.

Topics: Adult; alpha-Tocopherol; Antioxidants; beta Carotene; Female; Humans; Lipid Peroxidation; Malondialdehyde; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Reactive Oxygen Species; Vitamin A; Young Adult

We compared placental tissue, maternal serum, and umbilical cord venous blood levels of four dietary carotenoids (alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lycopene, and canthaxanthin) in normal pregnant women and those with preeclampsia.. Levels of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lycopene, and canthaxanthin were measured in placental tissue, maternal serum, and umbilical cord venous blood from 22 normal pregnant women and 19 women with preeclampsia. The criteria for recruitment included gestational age of 30-42 weeks, singleton pregnancy, intact membranes, absence of labor contractions, and absence of any other medical complication concurrent with preeclampsia. Carotenoids were measured using high-pressure liquid chromatography.. All four carotenoids were detectable in human placental tissue, maternal serum, and umbilical cord venous blood samples. The levels of beta-carotene, lycopene, and canthaxanthin in placentas from preeclamptic women were significantly lower (P =.032, .009, and .013, respectively, by Mann-Whitney test) than those from normal pregnant women. Maternal serum levels of beta-carotene and lycopene were significantly lower (P =.004 and .008, respectively, by Mann-Whitney test) in women with preeclampsia. However, umbilical cord venous blood levels of these carotenoids were not significantly different between the two groups.. Lower placental tissue and maternal serum carotenoid levels in women with preeclampsia suggest that oxidative stress or a dietary antioxidant influence might have an effect on the pathophysiology of preeclampsia.

Topics: Adult; beta Carotene; Canthaxanthin; Carotenoids; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Fetal Blood; Humans; Lycopene; Placenta; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Vitamin E

We compared the serum levels of beta-carotene, vitamin A (retinol), and vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) in healthy pregnant women and their counterparts who exhibited the signs and symptoms of preeclampsia or eclampsia, including: systolic blood pressure greater than 160 mm Hg, edema, and proteinuria. The study was conducted in the cities of Maiduguri and Bauchi, which are located in the semi-arid northeastern region of Nigeria. Most of the pregnant subjects: (1) were teenagers, though they ranged in age from 14 to 25 years; (2) had 2 or fewer prior pregnancies; and (3) were predominantly of the Muslim faith and members of the Hausa, Fulani, or Kanuri ethnic groups. Few of the women had received prenatal care. Serum levels of vitamins A and E and betacarotene were quantified using high pressure liquid chromatography. The serum vitamin A levels of the 9 preeclamptic women (15.3 mg/dL) and the 7 eclamptic women (8.3 mg/dL) were significantly reduced (p < 0.01) relative to the serum vitamin A levels of healthy women in the third trimester (24.2 mg/dL). For the healthy pregnant controls, the levels of vitamins A and E and beta-carotene were relatively constant throughout pregnancy. The mean serum beta-carotene levels for both the preeclamptic and eclamptic groups of subjects were half as high as those of healthy control women in the third trimester (p = 0.004). The serum vitamin E levels of the preeclamptic and eclamptic women were 15% and 30% lower, respectively, than those of the corresponding controls (p < 0.01). The serum levels of these three lipids in the healthy pregnant and non-pregnant women we studied are similar to values reported by others for North American and European women of childbearing age. These results support the hypothesis that preeclampsia-eclampsia deplete natural lipid antioxidants and suggest that the reduced levels of vitamin A in such women experiencing hypertension of pregnancy, if they happen to be infected with the HIV-1 virus, may place them at increased risk for mother-child transmission of the virus.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; beta Carotene; Blood Pressure; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Eclampsia; Female; Humans; Lipids; Nigeria; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Vitamin A; Vitamin E

Topics: Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; beta Carotene; Carotenoids; Female; Humans; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Vitamin E

Our purpose was to investigate the plasma levels of three potent antioxidant nutrients in women with preeclampsia.. Fasting venous blood samples were collected from 30 women with preeclampsia and from 44 women with uncomplicated pregnancies. The criteria for recruitment included age 15 to 35 years, gestational age 28 to 42 weeks, singleton pregnancy, intact membranes, absence of labor contractions, and absence of any other medical complication concurrent with preeclampsia. Reduced ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, and beta-carotene levels were assayed with high-pressure liquid chromatography.. Plasma levels of reduced ascorbic acid were significantly decreased in patients with mild and severe preeclampsia (p < 0.01). Plasma alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene levels were significantly decreased only in severe preeclampsia compared with controls (p < 0.05 and p < 0.05, respectively).. In patients with preeclampsia antioxidant nutrients may be utilized to a greater extent to counteract free radical-mediated cell disturbances, resulting in a reduction in antioxidant plasma levels. Water-soluble antioxidant nutrients may initially be consumed, followed by lipid-soluble antioxidants.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ascorbic Acid; beta Carotene; Carotenoids; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Pilot Projects; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Vitamin E

20 healthy primigravidas were studied from 28 weeks' gestation until 4 days after delivery. In 9 of these women pre-eclampsia developed, the remaining 11 subjects who were age-matched had normal pregnancies. Plasma retinol, beta-carotene and vitamin E concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The concentrations of retinol and vitamin E were significantly lower in the pre-eclampsia group than in the normotensive group at 28 weeks' gestation--that is before the onset of symptoms and signs of pre-eclampsia. The concentrations of retinol and vitamin E remained significantly lower in the pre-eclampsia group until delivery. It is suggested that measurement of the retinol or vitamin E concentration in plasma may be useful as a predictor of the likely development of pre-eclampsia.

Topics: beta Carotene; Carotenoids; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Humans; Pre-Eclampsia; Predictive Value of Tests; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Vitamin A; Vitamin E; Vitamins