beta-carotene and Ovarian-Neoplasms

Topics: Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; beta Carotene; Diet; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Ovarian Neoplasms; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Vitamin A; Vitamin E; Vitamins

Higher dietary quality is associated with lower disease risks and has not been examined extensively with lipidomic profiles.. Our goal was to examine associations of the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, Alternate HEI-2010 (AHEI-2010), and alternate Mediterranean Diet Index (aMED) diet quality indices with serum lipidomic profiles.. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of HEI-2015, AHEI-2010, and aMED with lipidomic profiles from 2 nested case-control studies within the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (n = 627) and the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study (n = 711). We used multivariable linear regression to determine associations of the indices, derived from baseline food-frequency questionnaires (Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial: 1993-2001, Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study: 1985-1988) with serum concentrations of 904 lipid species and 252 fatty acids (FAs) across 15 lipid classes and 28 total FAs, within each cohort and meta-analyzed results using fixed-effect models for lipids significant at Bonferroni-corrected threshold in common in both cohorts.. Adherence to HEI-2015, AHEI-2010, or aMED was associated positively with 31, 41, and 54 lipid species and 8, 6, and 10 class-specific FAs and inversely with 2, 8, and 34 lipid species and 1, 3, and 5 class-specific FAs, respectively. Twenty-five lipid species and 5 class-specific FAs were common to all indices, predominantly triacylglycerols, FA22:6 [docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)]-containing species, and DHA. All indices were positively associated with total FA22:6. AHEI-2010 and aMED were inversely associated with total FA18:1 (oleic acid) and total FA17:0 (margaric acid), respectively. The identified lipids were most associated with components of seafood and plant proteins and unsaturated:saturated fat ratio in HEI-2015; eicosapentaenoic acid plus DHA in AHEI-2010; and fish and monounsaturated:saturated fat ratio in aMED.. Adherence to HEI-2015, AHEI-2010, and aMED is associated with serum lipidomic profiles, mostly triacylglycerols or FA22:6-containing species, which are related to seafood and plant proteins, eicosapentaenoic acid-DHA, fish, or fat ratio index components.

Topics: alpha-Tocopherol; Animals; beta Carotene; Colorectal Neoplasms; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Diet, Mediterranean; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Female; Finland; Humans; Lipidomics; Male; Ovarian Neoplasms; Smokers; Triglycerides; United States

There has been considerable interest in the role of carotenoids in the chemoprevention of cancer. However, few studies have examined the association between intake of specific carotenoids and the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer and the results for carotenoids have been inconclusive. To investigate whether the intake of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein and zeaxanthin, and lycopene is inversely associated with ovarian cancer risk, a case-control study was conducted in China during 1999-2000. The cases were 254 patients with histologically confirmed epithelial ovarian cancer and 652 age-matched controls were randomly recruited during the same period. Habitual dietary intake and lifestyle were collected by face-to-face interview using a validated and reliable FFQ. The US Department of Agriculture nutrient composition database was used to calculate the intake of specific carotenoids. Unconditional logistic regression analyses were used to estimate OR and 95 % CI, accounting for age, locality, education, BMI, smoking, tea drinking, parity, oral contraceptive use, hormone replacement therapy, menopausal status, family history of ovarian cancer, physical activity and energy intake. Compared with the highest v. the lowest quartile of intake, the adjusted OR were 0.39 (95 % CI 0.23, 0.66) for alpha-carotene, 0.51 (95 % CI 0.31, 0.84) for beta-carotene, 0.51 (95 % CI 0.31, 0.83) for beta-cryptoxanthin, 0.45 (0.27, 0.76) for lutein and zeaxanthin, and 0.33 (95 % CI 0.20, 0.56) for total carotenoids, with statistically significant tests for trend. It is concluded that a higher intake of carotenoids can reduce the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer.

Topics: Aged; Anticarcinogenic Agents; beta Carotene; Carotenoids; Case-Control Studies; China; Cryptoxanthins; Diet; Diet Surveys; Female; Humans; Life Style; Lutein; Lycopene; Middle Aged; Ovarian Neoplasms; Risk Factors; Vitamins; Xanthophylls; Zeaxanthins

The structures of two novel 3,4-seco-lanostane-type triterpenes isolated from the sclerotium of Poria cocos were established to be 16alpha-hydroxy-3,4-seco-lanosta-4(28),8,24-triene-3,21-dioic acid (1; poricoic acid G) and 16alpha-hydroxy-3,4-seco-24-methyllanosta-4(28),8,24(24(1))-triene-3,21-dioic acid (2; poricoic acid H) on the basis of spectroscopic methods. These two, and eight other known compounds isolated from the sclerotium, poricoic acid B (3), poricoic acid A (4), tumulosic acid (5), dehydrotumulosic acid (6), 3-epidehydrotumulosic acid (7), polyporenic acid C (8), 25-hydroxy-3-epidehydrotumulosic acid (9), and dehydroabietic acid methyl ester (10), showed potent inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of compounds 1 and 4 against human cancer cell lines revealed that 1 was significantly cytotoxic to leukemia HL-60 cells [GI(50) (concentration that yields 50% growth) value 39.3 nM], although it showed only moderate cytotoxicity to the other cells. Compound 4 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity to all of the cancer cell lines tested.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Brain Neoplasms; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Colonic Neoplasms; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Female; Humans; Japan; Kidney Neoplasms; Lanosterol; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lung Neoplasms; Melanoma; Molecular Conformation; Molecular Structure; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Ovarian Neoplasms; Plants, Medicinal; Polyporaceae; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Triterpenes; Tumor Cells, Cultured

To evaluate the association between dietary intake of carotenoids and vitamin A and the incidence of ovarian cancer.. We conducted a population-based case-control study of ovarian cancer in Massachusetts and Wisconsin. Incident cases diagnosed between 1991 and 1994 were identified through statewide tumor registries. We selected community controls at random from lists of licensed drivers and Medicare recipients; 327 cases and 3129 controls were included in the analysis. Data were collected by telephone interview, which included an abbreviated food and supplement list to quantify typical consumption of carotenoids (lutein/zeaxanthin, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene), retinol and total vitamin A at 5 years prior to diagnosis in cases, or to a comparable reference date in controls. Results were adjusted for age, state, and other risk factors.. Participants with the highest dietary intake of lutein/zeaxanthin (> or =24,000 microg/week) experienced a 40% lower risk of ovarian cancer (95% CI = 0.36-0.99) compared to those with the lowest intake. Intake of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, retinol and total vitamin A was unrelated to risk. Among foods, we observed non-significantly lower risks with high consumption of spinach, carrots, skim/lowfat milk and liver.. These results support previous findings suggesting an inverse relationship between carotenoid intake and ovarian cancer risk.

Topics: Adult; Aged; beta Carotene; Carotenoids; Case-Control Studies; Diet; Diet Surveys; Female; Humans; Lutein; Massachusetts; Menopause; Middle Aged; Ovarian Neoplasms; Population Surveillance; Registries; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Vitamin A; Wisconsin; Xanthophylls; Zeaxanthins

The role of selected micronutrients, vitamins and minerals in the aetiology of epithelial ovarian cancer was investigated using data from a case-control study conducted between 1992 and 1999 in five Italian areas.. Cases were 1,031 patients with histologically confirmed incident epithelial ovarian cancer. Controls were 2,411 subjects admitted for acute, non-neoplastic diseases to major hospitals in the same catchment areas. Dietary habits were elicited using a validated food frequency questionnaire including 78 food groups and recipes. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were computed by quintiles of intake of nutrients.. Inverse associations emerged for vitamin E (OR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.5-0.8), beta-carotene (OR = 0.8; 95% CI: 0.6-1.0), lutein/zeaxanthin (OR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.5-0.8 for the highest vs. the lowest quintile of intake), and calcium intake (OR = 0.7; 95% CI: 0.6-1.0). When the combined effect of calcium and vitamin E was considered, the OR reached 0.4 (95% CI: 0.3-0.7) for subjects in the highest compared to those in the lowest intake tertile of both micronutrients. Results were consistent across strata of menopausal status, parity and family history of ovarian or breast cancer.. The intake of selected micronutrients, which were positively correlated to a diet rich in vegetables and fruits, was inversely associated with ovarian cancer.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; beta Carotene; Calcium; Case-Control Studies; Eating; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Incidence; Italy; Lutein; Micronutrients; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Ovarian Neoplasms; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Vitamin E; Xanthophylls; Zeaxanthins

In a hospital-based case-control study, consumption of lactose-containing (dairy) foods and foods containing beta-carotene by 71 women with epithelial cancer of the ovary and 141 matched controls was investigated. No significant differences were found between cases and controls in the frequency of consumption of dairy foods or in the amount of lactose consumed. Consumption of carrots was found to decrease risk. Logistic regression analyses indicated a protective effect of high beta-carotene intake (odds ratio = 0.3, 95% confidence interval = 0.1-0.8), after adjusting for body mass, smoking, and lactose consumption.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; beta Carotene; Carcinoma; Carotenoids; Diet; Female; Humans; Lactose; Middle Aged; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Ovarian Neoplasms; Regression Analysis; Risk Factors

The dietary importance of beta-carotene as a factor in health maintenance has recently attracted considerable interest. Previously, total carotene content was estimated in a limited number of human tissues by means of spectrophotometric methods. In this study the levels of beta-carotene were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography in tissue samples of uterine leiomyomas and adjacent normal myometrium obtained at hysterectomy from uteri of 18 patients. beta-Carotene concentration was significantly (p = 0.0013) lower in fibroid tissue than in normal myometrium. In addition, levels of beta-carotene were assayed in tissue samples of cancers of the cervix, endometrium, ovary, breast, colon, lung, liver, and rectum and were compared with levels of respective adjacent normal sites. The concentrations of beta-carotene were found to be lower in all cancer tissues. The decreased levels of beta-carotene suggest that beta-carotene deficiency may have a role in the cause and/or pathogenesis of leiomyomas and cancers of the organs that were investigated. The mechanism of action, however, remains unknown.

Topics: Adult; Aged; beta Carotene; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Carotenoids; Female; Humans; Leiomyoma; Middle Aged; Ovarian Neoplasms; Uterine Neoplasms

A case-control study was conducted in Utah between 1984 and 1987 to evaluate the effects of nutrient intake on risk of developing ovarian cancer. Detailed dietary intake information was available from 85 first primary ovarian cancer cases and 492 population-based controls. Calories, fat, protein, fiber, and vitamins A and C did not appreciably alter the risk of developing ovarian cancer. However, high intake of beta-carotene appears to confer protection against ovarian cancer (odds ratio = 0.5, 95% confidence interval 0.3-1.0) after adjusting for age, number of pregnancies, and the body mass index of weight/height.

Topics: Adult; Aged; beta Carotene; Body Weight; Carotenoids; Diet; Dietary Fats; Female; Health Surveys; Humans; Income; Middle Aged; Ovarian Neoplasms; Parity; Religion; Smoking